生物多样性 ›› 2012, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (3): 241-249.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.09037

所属专题: 传粉生物学:理论探讨与初步实践 传粉生物学

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植物繁殖生态学的若干重要问题

任明迅1, 姜新华2, 张大勇2,*()   

  1. 1 中国科学院武汉植物园, 武汉 430074
    2 生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室, 北京师范大学生命科学学院, 北京 100875
  • 收稿日期:2012-01-30 接受日期:2012-03-08 出版日期:2012-05-20 发布日期:2012-05-09
  • 通讯作者: 张大勇
  • 作者简介:*E-mail: zhangdy@bnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31121003);国家自然科学基金(30970459)

Some important questions in plant reproductive ecology

Mingxun Ren1, Xinhua Jiang2, Dayong Zhang2,*()   

  1. 1 Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074
    2 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875
  • Received:2012-01-30 Accepted:2012-03-08 Online:2012-05-20 Published:2012-05-09
  • Contact: Dayong Zhang

摘要:

发现模式, 并根据过程解释模式, 是科学研究的主要目标。在植物繁殖生态学领域内, 人们已经总结了一些重要的模式, 包括普遍的雌雄同体、分离的花果期、较低的结实率、大量的同时开花、胁迫生境更易出现的异交、生活史性状与交配系统的相互作用、花序内的花分化, 以及花内的雄蕊分化(异型雄蕊)等。对这些模式如何从机理上予以解释, 还需要植物繁殖生态学家的艰苦努力。本文着重强调了植物许多重要繁殖特征都可以通过植株、花序以及花各层次上的资源分配而得到很好的解释, 尤其是可以在很大程度上协调其他不同侧重点研究得到的矛盾结论。在今后逐渐强调多因素、多尺度对花部特征与传粉系统的适应与进化的研究中, 从直接决定花部特征与交配系统的资源分配出发, 将是促进人们准确理解与预测花部特征适应与进化的一个重要研究方向。

关键词: 传粉生物学, 性别分配, 传粉系统, 花部综合征, 雄全同株

Abstract

One of the main purposes of scientific research is to form questions and collect data to find patterns that best explain a particular process. In plant reproductive ecology, scientists have found important patterns including overwhelming occurrence of co-sexual flowers, separate flowering and fruiting periods, low seed-set ratio, simultaneous mass blooming, high occurrence of outcrossing in harsh habitats, interactions of mating systems and life-history, flower differentiations on the same inflorescence, and heteranthery (stamen differentiations in same flower). The underlying mechanisms of these patterns are in debate and are still in need of further examination. In this paper, we emphasize resource allocation at different levels, i.e. individual, inflorescence, and flower, and try to explain above patterns to reconcile some contradictory results obtained in studies based on different foci. Resource and sexual allocations directly determine the sexual role of a flower and floral traits, and as a consequence, plant mating systems are determined. In the future, studies considering both ecological factors and hierarchical levels will become more important and it is essential to focus more effort to study resource allocation to gain greater understanding and accurate predictions of floral adaptations and evolution.

Key words: pollination biology, sexual allocation, pollination system, floral syndromes, andromonoecy