近年来, 人类活动对赣江流域的影响越来越大, 如过度捕捞、水电站建设、工农业污染、航运和采沙等(郭治之等, 1964)。这些活动改变了河流的生态环境, 导致鱼类栖息地的破碎和丧失, 其鱼类种类组成、群落结构以及渔业资源量发生了较为显著的变化, 甚至严重影响了鱼类的生存。因此, 对于赣江鱼类多样性的保护迫在眉睫。尽管对赣江鱼类有不少的研究, 但目前尚未有针对该河全流域鱼类多样性的调查, 缺乏一个更新的鱼类物种名录, 这严重制约了赣江淡水鱼类多样性保护的规划与设计。
对于赣江鱼类的研究最早可追溯到20世纪初。德国Jugar号的随船医生Martin Kreyenberge在江西萍乡采集到一批鱼类标本, 随后, C. Tate Regan M.A. (1908)依据Martin Kreyenberge采自赣江流域的标本, 描述了2个鱼类新种: 其中, Gymnostoma kreyenbergii归入光唇鱼属(Acrossocheilus), 即克氏光唇鱼; Gobio wolterstroffi归入银鮈属(Squalidus), 即点纹银鮈。傅桐生(1938) ( 傅桐生 (1938) 江西鱼类志. 江西省政府建设厅, 南昌.)发表的《江西鱼类》一文, 记录了采集于南昌和九江的62种江西鱼类。
21世纪初以来, 赣江鱼类多样性的研究越来越多, 有的是为了评估水利工程对赣江鱼类资源而展开(张建铭等, 2009; 邹淑珍, 2011; 苏念等, 2012); 有的是为了评估自然保护区的保护价值而进行(李晴等, 2008; 胡茂林等, 2011; 苗春等, 2016); 有的则是聚焦于赣江的某几条支流(Guo et al, 2018; 王朝阳等, 2019)。这些研究都是集中于赣江某一河段或者是支流, 难以反映该河流鱼类多样性全貌。Huang等(2013)基于多年的鱼类调查并结合历史资料, 系统整理了鄱阳湖流域鱼类名录, 记录赣江鱼类139种, 并分析了其受威胁因素, 提出了多样性保护措施。然而, 该研究主要基于历史文献记录而非野外实地调查, 也没有整合中国淡水鱼类相关类群分类学的最新研究结果, 所给出的鱼类物种名录过于陈旧。
本研究基于调查结果, 结合对历史资料的系统整理, 并整合目前国内外淡水鱼类分类学的相关研究进展, 给出赣江鱼类更新物种名录, 以期为其生物多样性保护和生态系统健康评价提供基础数据。
1 方法
1.1 研究区域
1.2 采样点(河段)设置
采样点布设的基本原则是: (1)均匀设置采样点(河段); (2)选择人为干扰少的一级和二级支流; (3)涵盖已设立的各级自然保护区; (4)大型水坝的坝上和坝下必须布设。赣江上游干流全长255 km, 河流水系复杂且过去采样调查较少, 按每75 km设置1个采样河段, 共设置3个采样河段, 一级和二级支流共设置11个采样河段, 上游共计14个采样河段。赣江中游干流全长303 km, 有万安、石虎塘、峡江和新干4个水利枢纽。按万安至石虎塘(泰和境内)、石虎塘至峡江以及峡江至新干; 每段设置1个采样河段, 计3个; 每个支流设置3个采样河段, 共6个。赣江下游干流全长208 km, 每100 km设置1个采样河段, 计2个; 支流设置5个采样河段, 共7个。本次调查对赣江干流和支流共设置88个样点, 其中干流12个样点(贡水(上游) 6个, 中游3个, 下游3个), 上游支流50个样点(湘水3个、濂江3个、平江6个、梅江17个、桃江10个、章水5个和上犹江6个); 中游支流11个样点(遂川江3个、泸水3个和禾水5个); 下游15个样点(袁江8个和锦江7个) (图1), 采样点的具体位置见附录1。
图1
1.3 采样方法、频次和时间
为了保证采样数据的充分性, 采用多种方法相结合的方式进行鱼类标本的采集(在得到渔政管理部门捕捞许可的区域内采集标本)。对于可以涉水的河流或小溪采用便携式电动捕鱼机, 从下游往上游单河道捕鱼, 作业的距离和时间视具体情况而定。对于不能涉水的河流或深潭, 使用丝网、地笼、撒网等多网具结合的办法采集。同时, 也会在调查区域内的市场购买渔民渔获物(记录采样地点以及采样时间)来补充数据。
采样时间如下: 2016年9-10月(平水期, 秋季); 2017年1-2月(枯水期, 冬季); 2017年4-5月(枯水期, 春季); 2017年7-8月(丰水期, 夏季)。
1.4 物种鉴定
鱼类名录中物种的系统分类参考Fishes of the World, Fifth Edition, 所有物种的学名参考Fishbase (www.fishbase.se)的最新记录以及相关的最新研究成果进行核对。
2 结果
2016-2017年在赣江采集鱼类标本12,000余尾, 共计鱼类152种(附录2)。基于本次调查, 结合历史记录, 发现赣江共有鱼类180种, 隶属12目31科93属。其中, 土著鱼类有174种, 外来鱼类有6种(附录3)。
从目级水平来看, 赣江鱼类中鲤形目是主体, 共127种, 占总鱼类物种数的70.56%; 鲈形目和鲇形目次之, 分别为19种和17种, 各占10.56%和9.44%; 合鳃鱼目、胡瓜鱼目和鲱形目均为3种, 各占1.67%; 鳉形目和鲀形目均为2种, 各占1.34%; 鲟形目、鳗鲡目、颌针鱼目和鲽形目均为1种, 各占0.56%。
从科级水平来看, 鲤科鱼类物种数最多, 有102种, 占采集鱼类物种数的56.67%; 其次为鲿科11种, 占6.11%; 沙鳅科9种, 占5.00%; 腹吸鳅科和鳜科均为6种, 各占3.33%; 鰕虎鱼科和花鳅科均为4种, 各占2.22%; 条鳅科、银鱼科和鳢科均为3种, 各占1.67%; 鳀科、爬鳅科、鲇科、钝头鮠科、刺鳅科、沙塘鳢科、斗鱼科和鲀科均为2种, 各占1.11%; 胡子鲇科、胭脂鱼科、鲟科、鳗鲡科、鲱科、鮡科、鱵科、合鳃鱼科、青鳉科、胎鳉科、太阳鱼科、丽鱼科和舌鳎科均为1种, 各占0.56%。
2016-2017年调查到的144种土著鱼类中, 有28个新记录种; 有28种历史资料所记载的鱼类在本次调查中没有采集到; 历史记录存在而本更新名录未记录的种类有52种, 包含了8个同物异名物种、6个发生了分类变更物种、36个错误鉴定而在赣江没有分布的物种和2个无法确定的物种(附录3)。
3 讨论
3.1 物种多样性
本研究得出的赣江鱼类更新名录与历史资料记载的物种名录存在较大差异(郭治之等, 1964; 郭治之和刘瑞兰, 1995; Huang et al, 2013), 这表明对该河流鱼类多样性还未有充分的了解。其理由是: (1) 2016-2017年度赣江鱼类调查发现了23个新记录土著种, 甚至包含了5个未被描述的新种; 该河流鱼类多样性仍然处于探索和发现阶段。(2)有36个历史资料所记载的种类被剔除出物种名录, 因为赣江并不在这些种类目前已知的分布范围内, 更重要的是它们在近30年内对该河流的鱼类调查中没有被发现, 可见赣江鱼类的物种鉴定存在诸多的问题。(3)在此更新的赣江鱼类物种名录中, 有25个有效种发生了分类名称的变更, 占鱼类总物种数的13.3%。可以预见, 类似的情形也见于鄱阳湖其他主要入湖支流的鱼类。虽然目前记载的鄱阳湖流域鱼类共有220种(Huang et al, 2013), 但是这些鱼类的鉴定值得重新审视。
3.2 新记录物种
2016-2017年度赣江鱼类多样性调查共发现28个鱼类新记录物种。在这些物种中, 包括5个外来种: 鲮(Cirrhinus molitorella)本身是生活在珠江水系的鱼类, 后因移殖引种才会出现在长江水系; 麦瑞加拉鲮(Cirrhinus cirrhosus)和露斯塔野鲮(Labeo rohita)是20世纪90年代分别从印度和泰国引进中国的养殖鱼类; 大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)是20世纪90年代从加拿大和美国引进中国的养殖鱼类; 罗非鱼(Oreochromis mossambicus)是20世纪80年代从尼罗河引进的养殖鱼类, 这两种鱼类仅零星地出现在赣江水系。随着我国养殖业的发展, 跨国家或者跨水系的引种越来越频繁, 淡水鱼类入侵的问题日益严重(郦珊等, 2016)。外来鱼类入侵会破坏入侵地的生态特征, 争夺土著鱼类的食物, 压缩土著鱼类的生存空间(曹亮等, 2016), 因此对于外来种的监管需要引起重视。
在其余的23个新记录物种中, 有5个未被描述的新物种, 1个鳑鲏属未定种(Rhodeus sp.), 采自遂川江; 1个鱊属未定种(Acheilognathus sp.), 采自赣江下游干流; 1个蛇鮈属未定种(Saurogobio sp.), 采自赣江下游干流; 1个小鳔鮈属未定种(Microphysogobio sp.), 采自遂川江和平江; 1个薄鳅属未定种(Leptobotia sp.), 采自遂川江。其余18个新记录土著种类分别是: 方氏鳑鲏(Rhodeus fangi)、须鱊(Acheilognathus barbatus)、纵带白甲鱼(Onychostoma virgulatum)、花斑异华鲮(Parasinilabeo maculatus)、斑纹鳈(Sarcocheilichthys vittatlus)、短须颌须鮈(Gnathopogon imberbis)、裸腹小鳔鮈(Microphysogobio nudiventris)、张氏小鳔鮈(M. zhangi)、海南鳅鮀(Gobiobotia kolleri)、江西副沙鳅(Parabotia kiangsiensis)、漓江副沙鳅(P. lijiangensis)、平头岭鳅(Oreonectes platycephalus)、丁氏缨口鳅(Formosania tinkhami)、方氏拟腹吸鳅(Pseudogastromyzon fangi)、大鳍犁头鳅(Lepturichthys dolichopterus)、等颌䱀(Liobagrus aequilabris)、陈氏新银鱼(Neosalanx tangkahkeii)和溪吻鰕虎鱼(Rhinogobius duospilus)。不难发现, 这些新记录的土著鱼类物种大多是小体型的流水性鱼类, 其中也包括多种近期描述的新种, 如斑纹鳈(An et al, 2020)、裸腹小鳔鮈(Jiang et al, 2012)和张氏小鳔鮈(Huang et al, 2017)等。它们于赣江被发现的主要原因可能是2016-2017年度对于该河流鱼类调查涵盖的范围较广、支流布设的采样点较多以及多种采样工具的使用。
3.3 被剔除的历史记录物种
在历史记录的赣江鱼类中, 很多物种被剔除出其物种名录。这些被剔除的历史记录物种可以分为如下4类:
(1)作为其他种类的次定同物异名, 如伍氏华鳊(Sinibrama wui)=大眼华鳊(S. macrops) (张鹗等, 2004)、金华拟䱗(Pseudohemiculter kinghwanensis)=海南拟䱗(P. hainanensis) (陈宜瑜, 1998)、彩石鳑鲏(Rhodeus lighti)=中华鳑鲏(R. sinensis) (Akai & Arai, 1998)、斑条鱊(Acheilognathus taenianalis)=大鳍鱊 (A. macropterus) (陈宜瑜, 1998)、白河鱊(Acheilognathus peihoensis)=短须鱊(A. barbatulus) (陈宜瑜, 1998)、带半刺光唇鱼(Acrossocheilus hemispinus cinctus)=克氏光唇鱼(A. kreyenbergii) (Yuan & Zhang, 2010)、浙南原缨口鳅(Vanmanenia chekianensis)=原缨口鳅(V. stenosoma)①(①易文婧 (2014) 中国原缨口鳅属鱼类分类学研究. 硕士学位论文, 华中农业大学, 武汉.)、福建纹胸鮡(Glyptothorax fukiensis)=中华纹胸鮡(G. sinensis) (谢仲桂等, 2001)。
(2)发生分类变更的物种。鲤(Cyprinus carpio)只分布在欧洲地区(Kottelat & Freyhof, 2007), 亚洲鲤的有效种名是华南鲤(C. rubrofuscus) (Kottelat, 2006, 2013); 宽鳍鱲(Zacco platypus)仅分布在日本, 分布于长江下游的鱲属鱼类是棘颊鱲(Z. acanthogenys) (Wang et al, 2019; 朱兰等, 2020); 光倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus hollandi)是中国台湾省的特有种(Tang et al, 2005), 中国大陆刺鲃(S. caldwelli)一直被看作为其同物异名(褚新洛, 1989; 乐佩琦, 2000), 实际上赣江历史记录的光倒刺鲃属于刺鲃; 赣江的长薄鳅(Leptobotia elongata)是橘黄薄鳅(L. citraurata) (Kottelat, 2012; Bohlen & Alechtová, 2017)。这些种类都是从其他种的同物异名种恢复其有效性的物种。历史记录的赣江台湾白甲鱼(Onychostoma barbatulum) (郭治之和刘瑞兰, 1995)是近期描述的新种短须白甲鱼(O. brevibarba) (Song et al, 2018); 平舟原缨口鳅(Vanmanenia pinchowensis) (Huang et al, 2013)是大斑原缨口鳅(V. maculata) (Yi et al, 2014)。赣江一些物种的属级归类也发生了变动, 如尖头鱥(Phoxinus oxycephalus) (陈宜瑜, 1998; Berg, 2004)现归入大吻鱥属(Rhynchocypris) (Schönhuth et al, 2018; Sakai et al, 2020); 红鳍鲌属(Cultrichthys)是鲌属(Culter)的同物异名(Banarescu, 1997; Bogutskaya & Naseka, 2004), 易伯鲁和朱志荣(1959)曾经错把红鳍鲌(Culter alburnus)和翘嘴原鲌(Chanodichthys erythropterus)的拉丁名混淆, 而在中国的鲌属鱼类中除了红鳍鲌以外, 其他本来属于鲌属的鱼类都应该归入原鲌属(Chanodichthys) (Kottelat, 2006, 2013); 胡鮈属(Huigobio)是小鳔鮈属(Microphysogobio)的同物异名(Jiang et al, 2012); 黄颡鱼属(Peltobagrus)和拟鲿属(Pseudobagrus)是疯鲿属(Tachysurus)的同物异名, 鮠属(Leiocassis)是东南亚的特有属, 中国的鮠属鱼类也应该归入疯鲿属(Ku et al, 2007; Ng & Freyhof, 2007; Ng & Kottelat, 2007; Kottelat, 2013)
(3)被错误鉴定的物种。虽然历史记录这些物种分布于赣江, 然而近30年来没有发现它们存活于该河流的报道(陈宜瑜, 1998; 丁瑞华, 1994; 褚新洛, 1999; 乐佩琦, 2000; Kottelat, 2012, 2013; 张春光, 2016)。多数种类目前已知分布区远离赣江或长江下游, 有的甚至不见于中国, 且在其周邻河流也未见分布的记录。目前国内比较权威的淡水鱼类分类研究也没有采纳它们在赣江分布的结论。例如异鱲(Parazacco spilurus)在我国仅分布在珠江流域(Ito & Hosoya, 2016), 辛氏条鳅(Schistura singhi)分布在印度(Kottelat, 2012), 黑尾䱀(Liobagrus nigricauda)仅仅在我国滇池发现过(Sun et al, 2013)等。这些历史记录种类很有可能是错误物种鉴定所致, 在没有标本证明这些种类存在于赣江之前, 暂且不将它们包括在此物种名录中。
3.4 未采集到的物种
本次更新的赣江鱼类物种名录还包含了28种未采集到的物种, 历史上记录分布于该河流, 但是2016-2017年度鱼类调查未能采集到标本。这些种类没有采集到有多种原因。因赣江干流自20世纪90年代以来修建了多座梯级电站, 阻断了鱼类的洄游通道, 这使得中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)、日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)、鲥(Tenualosa reevesii)、暗纹东方鲀(Takifugu obscurus)和弓斑东方鲀(T. ocellatus)等江海洄游性鱼类于该河流见不到踪影(田见龙, 1989)。虽然本次调查在赣江中上游区域采集到日本鳗鲡, 但是通过走访调查了解到, 采样点附近有鳗鲡养殖场, 采集到的个体推断为养殖逃逸出来的个体。1993年万安大坝建成后, 破坏了鲥在赣江的产卵场, 是该种类在此河流绝迹的主要原因(唐文乔等, 1993)。河流筑坝以及由此而引起的栖息地或产卵场破坏也是鯮(Luciobrama macrocephalus)、鳤(Ochetobius elongatus)、寡鳞飘鱼(Pseudolaubuca engraulis)、长蛇鮈(Saurogobio dumerili)和细尾蛇鮈(S. gracilicaudatus)等江河洄游产漂流性卵鱼类种群数量减少以至于未能采集到标本的主要原因。诸如原缨口鳅和圆筒吻鮈(Rhinogobio cylindricus)等流水性鱼类未能采集到标本, 可能归因于赣江干支流筑建大量水坝而导致这些种类适宜的流水栖息地丧失。尖头原鲌(Chanodichthys oxycephalus)、拟尖头原鲌(C. oxycephaloides)和瓣结鱼(Folifer brevifilis)等肉食性鱼类目前难觅踪迹可能是过度捕捞导致其种群数量减少。彩鱊(Acheilognathus imberbis)和寡鳞鱊(A. hypselonotus)这类喜贝性鱼类没有采集到标本可能与因水质下降导致河蚌数量的减少或消失有关。不难发现, 未能采集到的物种多为具有特殊生态习性的种类, 如洄游性、流水性、肉食性、喜贝性、产漂流性卵鱼类。目前没有采集到这些种类的标本表明它们种群数量稀少, 或已经于赣江消失。这也说明了赣江鱼类多样性目前严重地受到人类活动的干扰。
附录 Supplementary Material
附录1 赣江流域采样点设置
Appendix 1 Sampling sites in Ganjiang River
附录2 赣江水系鱼类物种分布表
Appendix 2 Distribution of fish in Ganjiang River
附录3 赣江流域鱼类名录
Appendix 3 List of fish in Ganjiang River
致谢
感谢中国科学院水生生物研究所陈宇顺研究员、华中农业大学沈建忠教授、江西省水产科学研究所陈文静研究员和浙江自然博物馆袁乐洋研究员在项目实施过程中提供的帮助。感谢中国科学院水生生物研究所的曹亮老师、安长廷、陈啸和郭东明在标本采集和鉴定中提供的帮助。
参考文献
Rhodeus sinensis, a senior synonym of R. lighti and R. uyekii (Acheilognathinae, Cyprinidae)
DOI:10.1007/BF02678582 URL [本文引用: 1]
Sarcocheilichthys vittatus, a new species of gudgeon (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from the Poyang Lake basin in Jiangxi Province, South China
DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4768.2 URL [本文引用: 1]
The status of some nominal genera of Eurasian Cyprinidae (Osteichthyes, Cypriniformes)
Leptobotia micra, a new species of loach (Teleostei: Botiidae) from Guilin, southern China
DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4250.1.7
PMID:28610035
Leptobotia micra, new species, is described from the upper Li River (Pearl River basin) around Guilin in Guangxi province, southern China. The new species is evidently the smallest species of Leptobotia, with females of 45‒46 mm SL bearing oocytes. It can be distinguished from all other species of Leptobotia by a combination of the following characters: no dark bars or dorsal saddles on body, a row of white dots along dorsal midline, 4+34 vertebrae, a predorsal distance of 58.1‒59.0% SL, eye diameter 1.8‒2.0 % SL, pelvic fins not reaching anus, an emarginated caudal fin (length of median rays 1.3‒1.4 times in length of lower lobe) and the anus positioned distinctly closer to anal-fin origin than to pelvic-fin base.
Evaluating the status of China's continental fish and analyzing their causes of endangerment through the red list assessment
DOI:10.17520/biods.2015331 URL [本文引用: 2]
通过红色名录评估研究中国内陆鱼类受威胁现状及其成因
DOI:10.17520/biods.2015331
[本文引用: 2]
根据已有的基础资料, 采用IUCN评估等级和标准, 对中国目前已鉴定的1,443种内陆鱼类受威胁现状进行了评估。评估结果显示, 1,443种内陆鱼类中, 灭绝3种、区域灭绝1种、极危65种、濒危101种、易危129种、近危101种、无危454种和数据缺乏589种。同已有的IUCN评估结果相比, 本次被评估的物种数目多, 受威胁物种大幅度增加, 其数目达295种, 占已知中国内陆鱼类总数的20.44%, 低于全球平均值(29%)。属于灭绝等级的鱼类是大鳞白鱼(Anabarilius macrolepis)、异龙鲤(Cyprinus yilongensis)和茶卡高原鳅(Triplophysa cakaensis); 属于区域灭绝等级的鱼类是长颌北鲑(Stenodus nelma)。鲤科是受威胁物种数最多的科, 其中裂腹鱼亚科和鲤亚科的种类受威胁程度最高。长江上游和珠江上游受威胁物种最多, 是受威胁最严重的地区。中国内陆鱼类受威胁的主要因素为河流筑坝、生境退化或丧失、酷渔滥捕和引进外来种。列入数据缺乏等级的鱼类较多, 占中国内陆鱼类的40.82%, 表明对中国内陆鱼类物种多样性了解不充分, 需要加强野外调查以积累基础资料。
Aquatic environment protection induced by the cascade hydropower development in the upper Yangtze River
长江上游水电梯级开发的水域生态保护问题
Aquatic Fauna of Xiangjiang River
湘江水生动物志
Freshwater biodiversity: Importance, threats, status and conservation challenges
Freshwater biodiversity is the over-riding conservation priority during the International Decade for Action - 'Water for Life' - 2005 to 2015. Fresh water makes up only 0.01% of the World's water and approximately 0.8% of the Earth's surface, yet this tiny fraction of global water supports at least 100000 species out of approximately 1.8 million - almost 6% of all described species. Inland waters and freshwater biodiversity constitute a valuable natural resource, in economic, cultural, aesthetic, scientific and educational terms. Their conservation and management are critical to the interests of all humans, nations and governments. Yet this precious heritage is in crisis. Fresh waters are experiencing declines in biodiversity far greater than those in the most affected terrestrial ecosystems, and if trends in human demands for water remain unaltered and species losses continue at current rates, the opportunity to conserve much of the remaining biodiversity in fresh water will vanish before the 'Water for Life' decade ends in 2015. Why is this so, and what is being done about it? This article explores the special features of freshwater habitats and the biodiversity they support that makes them especially vulnerable to human activities. We document threats to global freshwater biodiversity under five headings: overexploitation; water pollution; flow modification; destruction or degradation of habitat; and invasion by exotic species. Their combined and interacting influences have resulted in population declines and range reduction of freshwater biodiversity worldwide. Conservation of biodiversity is complicated by the landscape position of rivers and wetlands as 'receivers' of land-use effluents, and the problems posed by endemism and thus non-substitutability. In addition, in many parts of the world, fresh water is subject to severe competition among multiple human stakeholders. Protection of freshwater biodiversity is perhaps the ultimate conservation challenge because it is influenced by the upstream drainage network, the surrounding land, the riparian zone, and - in the case of migrating aquatic fauna - downstream reaches. Such prerequisites are hardly ever met. Immediate action is needed where opportunities exist to set aside intact lake and river ecosystems within large protected areas. For most of the global land surface, trade-offs between conservation of freshwater biodiversity and human use of ecosystem goods and services are necessary. We advocate continuing attempts to check species loss but, in many situations, urge adoption of a compromise position of management for biodiversity conservation, ecosystem functioning and resilience, and human livelihoods in order to provide a viable long-term basis for freshwater conservation. Recognition of this need will require adoption of a new paradigm for biodiversity protection and freshwater ecosystem management - one that has been appropriately termed 'reconciliation ecology'.
Fish community structure and its relationships with environmental factors in the Beijiang River
北江鱼类群落结构及其与环境因子的关系
Fish diversity in the middle and lower reaches of the Ganjiang River of China: Threats and conservation
The fishes of Jiangxi Province
江西鱼类的研究
The investigation report on fish in Poyang Lake
鄱阳湖鱼类调查报告
Preliminary research on fish species diversity of Ganjiangyuan Nature Reserve in Jiangxi Province
江西赣江源自然保护区鱼类物种多样性初步研究
Fish fauna, biogeography and conservation of freshwater fish in Poyang Lake basin, China
DOI:10.1007/s10641-011-9806-2 URL [本文引用: 4]
A new species of Microphysogobio (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from Guangxi Province, Southern China
Re-examination of the type series of Parazacco spilurus (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)
Microphysogobio nudiventris, a new species of gudgeon (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from the middle Chang-Jiang (Yangtze River) basin, Hubei Province, South China
DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.3586.1 URL [本文引用: 2]
Fishes of Mongolia: A Check-list of the Fishes Known to Occur in Mongolia with Comments on Systematics and Nomenclature
Conspectus cobitidum: An inventory of the loaches of the world (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cobitoidei)
The fishes of the inland waters of Southeast Asia: A catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries
MtDNA phylogeny provides evidence of generic polyphyleticism for East Asian bagrid catfishes
DOI:10.1007/s10750-006-0401-z URL [本文引用: 1]
Fish resources of Qiyunshan Nature Reserve, Jiangxi, China
江西齐云山自然保护区鱼类资源
Global distribution, entry routes, mechanisms and consequences of invasive freshwater fish
DOI:10.17520/biods.2015374 URL [本文引用: 1]
淡水鱼类入侵种的分布、入侵途径、机制与后果
DOI:10.17520/biods.2015374
[本文引用: 1]
生物入侵已经成为全球面临的三大环境问题之一。鱼类入侵现象也随全球经济一体化的进程日益严重。本文综述了全球淡水鱼类入侵的现状和研究进展, 包括鱼类入侵的定义及分布、入侵途径和机制、产生的生态和社会经济影响以及预防措施等。据统计, 目前全球外来鱼类达624种, 该数量超过30年前的两倍。外来鱼类主要通过水产养殖(51%)、观赏渔业(21%)、休闲垂钓(12%)、渔业捕捞运输(7%)等多种途径被引进。入侵鱼类对本地种产生了捕食、种内种间竞争、杂交和疾病传播等负面影响, 破坏本地生态系统, 但是其正面的生态及社会经济影响也不可忽略。近20年来全球鱼类入侵日益受到重视, 相关论文发表数量翻了8倍。值得提出的是, 近10年来全球鱼类入侵风险评价系统的研究显著增加, 一些鱼类入侵模型已应用于五大洲的多个国家。我国淡水外来鱼类共计439种。然而, 我国关于鱼类入侵的研究起步较晚, 发表文献数仅占全球的3.7%, 且主要研究方向仍集中在入侵物种的分布及生物学特性等基础研究上, 缺乏对于鱼类入侵机制及风险评价预测的研究。因此, 我们建议: (1)开展全国范围的本底调查并建立数据库, 实现数据共享, 明确鱼类入侵的历史与分布现状; (2)联合多个政府部门和机构, 对鱼类入侵进行长期观测, 从整个水生生态系统的角度出发, 深入了解其入侵机制及其产生的正面和负面生态和社会经济影响; (3)加强增殖放流的科学研究和管理; (4)构建区域性外来鱼类入侵风险评价系统, 有效预测鱼类入侵活动, 评价入侵种的危害, 并为相关政府部门的决策提供科学依据。
Status and diversity of fish resources of Yuanshui River in Hunan Province, China
湖南境内沅水鱼类资源现状与多样性分析
Diversity of fish species in Suichuan River and Shushui River and conservation value, China
DOI:10.1007/s10641-017-0580-7 URL [本文引用: 1]
Fish community changes in Huizhou segment of Dongjiang River
东江下游惠州河段鱼类群落组成变化特征
Fish species diversity in Jinpenshan Nature Reserve Zone, Jiangxi Province, in summer
江西金盆山自然保护区夏季鱼类物种多样性初步调查
Pseudobagrus nubilosus, a new species of catfish from central Vietnam (Teleostei: Bagridae), with notes on the validity of Pelteobagrus and Pseudobagrus
The identity of Tachysurus sinensis Lacepede, 1803, with the designation of a neotype (Teleostei: Bagridae) and notes on the identity of T. fulvidraco (Richardson, 1845)
XXIV. Descriptions of new freshwater fishes from China and Japan
A revised generic taxonomy for Far East Asian minnow Rhynchocypris and dace Pseudaspius
DOI:10.1007/s10228-019-00726-5 URL [本文引用: 1]
Phylogenetic relationships and classification of the Holarctic family Leuciscidae (Cypriniformes: Cyprinoidei)
DOI:S1055-7903(17)30861-8
PMID:29913311
[本文引用: 1]
The phylogenetic relationships and classification of the freshwater fish order Cypriniformes, like many other species-rich groups of vertebrates, has evolved over time with some consistency and inconsistencies of relationships across various studies. Within Cypriniformes, the Holarctic family Leuciscidae is one of the most widely distributed and highly diverse monophyletic groups of cyprinoids. Despite several studies conducted on this group, alternative hypotheses exist as to the composition and relationships within Leuciscidae. Here we assess the extent, composition, phylogenetic relationships, and taxonomy of this highly diverse group of fishes, using multiple mitochondrial and nuclear loci and a comprehensive and dense taxonomic sampling. Analyses of 418 specimens (410 species) resolve a well-supported Leuciscidae including 362 specimens (358 taxa) in six well-supported subfamilies/major clades: Pseudaspininae/Far East Asian clade (FEA); Laviniinae/North American Western clade (WC); Plagopterinae/North American Creek Chub-Plagopterin clade (CC-P); Leuciscinae/Eurasian Old World clade (OW) (minus Phoxinus) plus North American Notemigonus; Phoxininae/Eurasian Phoxinus clade (PHX); and Pogonichthyinae/North American clade (NA) including all remaining leuciscids. Within Leuciscidae, neither the traditional phoxinins (Phoxinus, FEA, Nearctic genera) nor all Nearctic genera (minus Notemigonus) are resolved as monophyletic; whereas the WC and CC-P form two independent lineages from remaining North American cyprinoids. A close relationship exists between Eurasian Phoxinus, NA, and OW clades, while FEA is the sister group to all remaining Leuciscidae. Major lineages resolved within these six subfamilies are mostly congruent with some previous studies. Our results suggests a complex evolutionary history of this diverse and widespread group of fishes.Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Freshwater fish fauna and zoogeographical divisions in the Wuyi-Xianxialing Mountains of eastern China
DOI:10.17520/biods.2017207 URL [本文引用: 1]
华东武夷山-仙霞岭地区淡水鱼类区系特征及其动物地理区划
DOI:10.17520/biods.2017207
[本文引用: 1]
武夷山脉-仙霞岭是长江鄱阳湖水系与我国东部独流入海的钱塘江、瓯江、闽江和韩江等水系的分水岭, 是中国陆地生物多样性保护的关键地区之一。本文对武夷山-仙霞岭地区5个水系的111个上游江段鱼类进行了采集, 获得标本13,000余号, 并结合文献资料对该地区的鱼类区系作了分析。结果显示, 该地区共分布有鱼类282种, 其中纯淡水土著鱼类239种, 隶属于6目23科101属。鲤形目、鲈形目、鲇形目各有181种、29种和22种, 分别占纯淡水鱼类的75.73%、12.13%和9.21%, 是本地区鱼类组成的主体。东亚特有的江河平原鱼类和南亚暖水性鱼类各有109种和51种, 分别占纯淡水鱼类的45.61%和21.34%。5个水系之间鱼类的共有种较多, 平均相似度均在50%以上。但东部4条独流入海河流, 自北往南江河平原鱼类所占比例逐渐下降, 而南亚暖水性鱼类则逐渐增加。鱼类区系的聚类分析显示, 鄱阳湖、钱塘江、瓯江和闽江聚为一类, 韩江单独构成另一类。分析表明, 武夷山脉-仙霞岭并没有对淡水鱼类形成很强的阻隔作用, 整个区域都是东洋区的组成部分。但鉴于已经出现的一些南北差异, 本文认为可以将东南部的韩江水系划归南东亚亚区的华南小区, 鄱阳湖水系与钱塘江、瓯江和闽江水系划归华东小区。
Onychostoma brevibarba, a new cyprinine fish (Pisces: Teleostei) from the middle Chang Jiang basin in Hunan Province, South China
DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4410.1 URL [本文引用: 1]
Status of fish resources in Xiajiang to Nanchang section of Ganjiang River
赣江峡江至南昌段鱼类资源现状
Liobagrus chenghaiensis, a new species of catfish (Siluriformes: Amblycipitidae) from Yunnan, South China
Molecular and morphological data suggest that Spinibarbus caldwelli (Nichols) (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) is a valid species
DOI:10.1007/s10228-004-0259-x URL [本文引用: 1]
Effects of Jiangxi Wan'an Dam on Tenualosa reevesii breeding in Ganjiang and the countermeasures
江西万安水利枢纽对赣江鲥繁殖的影响及其对策
Fish resources in Ganjiang River before the construction of Wan'an Dam and its fishery utilization
万安大坝截流前赣江鱼类调查及渔业利用意见
Species diversity and protection of fishes in Jiangxi
江西省鱼类物种多样性及其保护
Comparative analysis of fish community diversity in two primary tributaries of the lower Ganjiang River
赣江下游一级支流鱼类多样性比较分析
Mitochondrial divergence suggests unexpected high species diversity in the opsariichthine fishes (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) and the revalidation of Opsariichthys macrolepis
Opsariichthine (sensu Oceanologi Et Limnologia Sinica, 1982, 13, 293-298) is a cyprinid group consisting of five genera and endemic to East Asia. Previous studies suggested that there may be many possible cryptic species in this group, but this has not been confirmed. In this study, using mitochondrial cyt b sequences on 1,388 samples and 739 haplotypes, we showed very high species diversity within this group. The results showed that phylogenetic relationships of the opsariichthine group were as ([Nipponocypris-Parazacco-Candidia] + [Zacco + Opsariichthys]), and there were multiple deep lineages within several species, flagging putative cryptic species. When a 3% genetic distance was used as a threshold for species delimitation, 35 haplogroups were found, nine haplogroups in Candidia-Parazacco-Nipponocypris group, six haplogroups in the Zacco group, and 20 haplogroups in the Opsariichthys group. We consider all of them to be putative until determination of distinct species based on the tree topology, geographic distributions, or a combination of both. In addition, two kinds of species delimitation tools, ABGD and PTP, were applied to construct molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs). The ABGD method revealed nine MOTUs in Candidia-Parazacco-Nipponocypris group, two MOTUs in the Zacco group, and 17 MOTUs in the Opsariichthys group. And the PTP method revealed 10 MOTUs in Candidia-Parazacco-Nipponocypris group, 10 MOTUs in the Zacco group, and 29 MOTUs in the Opsariichthys group. Therefore, there should be more species in the opsariichthine group than presently described. Based on the molecular data and morphological characteristics, we proposed Opsariichthys macrolepis as a valid species and described its morphological diagnostic characters.
Advancements of the researches on biodiversity loss mechanisms
DOI:10.1007/s11434-013-0029-0 URL [本文引用: 1]
生物多样性丧失机制研究进展
Study on species validation for Glyptothorax sinense (Regan) and G. fukiensis (Rendahl) with the method of morphometrics
应用形态度量学方法对中华纹胸鮡和福建纹胸鮡物种有效性的研究
Studies on Culter and Erythroculter fishes of China
中国的鲌属和红鲌属鱼类的研究
Vanmanenia maculata, a new species of hillstream loach from the Chang-Jiang Basin, South China (Teleostei: Gastromyzontidae)
DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.3802.1 URL [本文引用: 1]
Type locality and identity of Acrossocheilus kreyenbergii (Regan, 1908), a senior synonym of Acrossocheilus cinctus (Lin, 1931)(Teleostei: Cyprinidae)
DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.2684.1 URL [本文引用: 1]
Morphological variation between Sinibrama macrops and S. wui, with notes on their validities
大眼华鳊和伍氏华鳊的形态差异及其物种有效性
Status of fish resources in Xiajiang reach of Middle Ganjiang River
赣江中游峡江段鱼类资源现状
Zacco sinensis (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), a new fish species from Northern China
中国北方鱲属鱼类一新种--中华鱲(鲤形目: 鲤科)
Fish fauna of Jiulianshan area, Jiangxi, China
江西省九连山地区的鱼类及其区系
