Soil microbes , soil enzyme activity and soil biochemical action intensity in the stands of the broadleaf forest and Cunninghamia lanceolata stand of the first , the second , the third planting were studied comparatively. The results indicated that , through the substitution of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation ( the first planting) for broad-leaf forest and then the continuously planting Cunninghamia lanceolata , the total quantity of major soil microbes declined , of which the first rotation of Cunninghamia lanceolata was decreased by 59. 88 % in the top soil (0～20 cm) compared with that of the broadleaved forest , and that of the second and the third rotation was of 14. 68 % , 16. 51 % respectively compared with that of the first rotation. The proportion of bacteria and fungi in the amount microbes increased , while that of actinomyces decreased. The amount of major physiological group including ammonifiers , nitrogenfixing bacteria , cellulosedecomposing microbes , aerobic nitrogen fixing bacteria and anaerobic nitrogen fixing bacteria all decreased. The activity of soil enzyme weakened which include invertase , urease , proteinase , acid phosphtase , catalase and perxidase. Soil biochemical action activity impared which include ammonification , nitrification , nitrogen fixation , and decomposition of cellulose. As to the soil respiration , the release amounts of CO₂-decreased , while the RQ value increased. All of which may led to the degradation of the soil fertility.

This paper reported 106 species of butterflies blonging to 52 genera , seven families collected in south slope of Altai Mountains in northwest Xinjiang , China. Of which , the family Papilionidae has 1 species/ 1 genus , Parnassiidae 6/ 1 , Pieridae 22/ 8 genera , Satyidae 23/ 16 , Nymphalidae 32/ 16 , Lycaenidae 15/ 12 and Hesperiidae 10/ 7. According to their distribution characteristics , four vertical zones were divided : (1) half2desert in low relief terrain ; (2) mountain bush2herb zone ; (3) mountain prairie2timber zone ; (4) subalpine steppe2 meadow steppe2alpine vegetation with cushion plants.

Monimopetalum chinense is one of the second class conservative species of rare and endangered plants in China. In this paper , the distribution and in situ protection of this species were introduced including natural environment , distribution characteristics , quantity and structure of its population. In addition , as a result of a preliminary study on its ex situ preservation , its introduction , cultivation , methods of sexual reproduction and vegetative propagation were expounded. Some suggestions on conservation of M. chinense were given.

Luanhe Estuary , located at the Bohai Sea coast near Beidaihe , is one of the four so far known breeding sites of the Saunder′s Gull ( Larus saundersi ) . Results of the field work in 1995～ 1997 on the breeding colony of the gull revealed the fact that a dramatic declining happened to the breeding pairs of the gull colony due to the habitat degradation and loss as well as the human disturbance , and hence aprompt action for conservation is needed urgently.

Wild Bactrian camels( Camelus bact rianus ferus) survive now only in and around the Great Gobi National Park in Mongolia and Xinjiang region of Western China , principally in the eastern part of the Thaklimakan Desert in the vicinity of Lop Nur. Lop Nur region , which is the only remaining area in the world where wild Bactrian camels can be considered genetically pure , because it is isolated from domestic living stock. Number of camels in this area is estimated not more than 120 , and as a result of surveys , total number of wild Bactrian camels remaining in both China and Mongolia is a maximum of 880 and a minimum of 730. Different habitats of wild Bactrian camels as well as human influence were investigated and assessed in this paper

Although there have been extensive studies on the genetics of endangered plant species , it is still highly debatable about the role of population genetics in rare plant conservation. The genetic diversity of endangered species may be lost due to genetic drift and inbreeding , but this loss is more likely to be a symptom of endangerment rather than its cause. There is no clear-cut relationship between the level of genetic diversity and species viability. Changes in the genetic structure of plant populations may exert negative influence on population persistence if this change involves loss of self2incompatibility alleles or genetic assimilation through hybridization with a reproductively compatible relative.

Glutamate is an important neurotransmitter that initates synaptic excitation by binding to corresponding cell membrane receptors in the central nervous system ,resulting in the change of permeating cations of cell membrane and metabolic change of cell by coupling to Gproteins. Over past few years , the research in glutamate receptors and their genes suggested that glutamate receptors are diversified in structure and function due to multiple genes ,alternative splicing , RNA editing and heteromeric formation. It should be expected that investigation in glutamate receptors and their genes will provide instructive suggestion to molecular mechanism of many important brain functions and drug design for the neurodegenerative diseases related to these receptors.

The approaches of economic valuation for biodiversity include three types. The first is direct economic valuation based on Willingness to Pay (WTP) , the second is indirect economic valuation by means of surrogate and conventional market , and the third is the valuation approach of process benefit for the economic value based on quantitative analysis , which pays particular attention to the economic value of biodiversity transfers spatially and realizes in other areas.

The biodiversity of rice growing regions refers generally to all living germplasms in rice growing fields including genetic diversity , species diversity ,ecosystem diversity as well as relative ecosystem process. This paper illustrated the present status in diversity of cultivated rice , wild rice , plants ,weeds and animals living within rice growing regions in China. Based on the causes of biodiversity reduction in rice growing regions , a series of rational strategies for biodiversity conservation were put forward.