Changes in soil microbial properties and nematode assemblage over time during rice cultivation

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.09030

Abstract

Abstract:

The properties of red soil may change over time when paddy fields are developed on what was previously dry land. The effect of rice cultivation duration on soil invertebrates is unknown. Five chronosequences of rice cultivation (1, 10, 20, 50 and 100 years) were selected to investigate the temporal changes of soil microbiological properties and nematode assemblages. The results showed that soil microbial properties (microbial biomass C, microbial biomass N, basal respiration), nutrient availability (mineral N and P), nematode abundance and richness of nematode genera generally increased with the duration of rice cultivation. Notably, most soil measurements peaked after 50 years of cultivation (P<0.05) and decreased slightly after 100 years. As the period of rice cultivation increased, the proportion of nematode herbivores rose significantly (P< 0.05), while that of predators/omnivores slightly declined. Nematode Channel Ratio (NCR) also increased with cultivation duration (P< 0.05), indicating that the bacterial energy channel was more dominant in old rice fields when compared to those cultivated for a shorter period. Other ecological indices of nematode assemblage such as maturity index and structure index, did not reveal consistent trends with an increased period of rice cultivation. In summary, a change in land use from dry land to paddy fields promotes soil microbial properties and nematode assemblages in the first few decades, which then become stable after 50 years of cultivation.

Key words: rice paddy, cultivation duration, soil microbiolgical property, nematode assemblage

Yudi Liu,Xiaoyun Chen,Manqiang Liu,Jiangtao Qin,Huixin Li,Feng Hu. Changes in soil microbial properties and nematode assemblage over time during rice cultivation[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2013, 21(3): 334-342.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.09030

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2013/V21/I3/334

Figures/Tables 4

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食性 Feeding habit	属名 Genera	缩写 Abbr.	c-p值 c-p value	耕作年限 Cultivation duration
食性 Feeding habit	属名 Genera	缩写 Abbr.	c-p值 c-p value	1 yr	10 yr	20 yr	50 yr	100 yr
植食者	短体属 Pratylenchus	Prat.	3	4.3 ± 0.6	0.0	0.0	1.8 ± 0.7	0.5 ± 0.5
Herbivor	矮化属 Tylenchorhynchus	Tyl.	3	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.6 ± 1.1	0.0
	螺旋属 Helicotylenchus	Heli.	3	4.8 ± 0.6	0.0	1.5 ± 1.0	1.0 ± 0.6	0.0
	潜根属 Hirschmanniella	Hirs.	3	12.7 ± 1.7	25.9 ± 3.0	32.2 ± 0.9	28.1 ± 6.3	34.3 ± 4.6
	盘旋属 Rotylenchus	Roty.	3	0.0	0.0	0.0	3.2 ± 1.5	0.0
	丝尾属 Oxydirus	Oxyd.	5	1.9 ± 0.6	0.0	0.5 ± 0.3	2.2 ± 1.1	3.7 ± 1.3
食细菌者	小杆属 Rhabditis	Rhab.	1	0.0	1.3 ± 0.6	0.0	1.3 ± 0.8	0.3 ± 0.3
Bacterivor	中杆属 Mesorhabditis	Mesr.	1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.8 ± 0.8
	原杆属 Protorhaditis	Prot.	1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2 ± 0.2	0.3 ± 0.3
	头叶属 Cephalobus	Ceph.	2	13.2 ± 1.1	22.1 ± 1.4	20.2 ± 0.9	25.0 ± 3.1	15.5 ± 2.2
	鹿角唇属 Cervidellus	Cerv.	2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3 ± 0.3	0.0
	真头叶属 Eucephalobus	Euce.	2	3.2 ± 0.9	1.3 ± 0.8	0.0	0.3 ± 0.3	0.0
	绕线属 Plectus	Ple.	2	2.4 ± 0.6	1.6 ± 1.0	2.6 ± 0.3	2.4 ± 0.7	12.4 ± 4.4
	连胃属 Chronogaster	Chr.	2	2.0 ± 0.8	3.2 ± 0.4	3.9 ± 0.4	2.3 ± 0.7	0.5 ± 0.5
	棱咽属 Prismatolaimus	Pris.	2	0.0	0.0	0.5 ± 0.3	1.8 ± 0.6	0.0
	单宫属 Monhystera	Monh.	2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3 ± 0.3
	无咽属 Alaimus	Alai.	4	2.0 ± 0.7	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
食真菌者	滑刃属 Aphelenchoides	Aphe.	2	2.9 ± 0.6	10.2 ± 1.2	6.8 ± 1.3	0.3 ± 0.3	2.0 ± 0.3
Fungivor	真滑刃属 Aphelenchus	Aph.	2	0.0	1.8 ± 1.1	0.0	0.3 ± 0.3	0.5 ± 0.3
	丝尾垫刃属 Filenchus	Fil.	2	7.6 ± 1.0	9.6 ± 1.5	18.9 ± 0.4	8.5 ± 3.0	3.9 ± 1.0
	茎属 Ditylenchus	Dity.	2	3.1 ± 0.6	3.5 ± 0.9	0.0	4.4 ± 0.8	1.1 ± 1.0
捕食/杂食者	三孔属 Tripyla	Trip.	3	0.8 ± 0.8	1.6 ± 1.0	2.6 ± 0.3	2.7 ± 0.6	2.2 ± 0.7
Omnivores/predator	托布利属 Tobrilus	Tobr.	3	0.0	2.7 ± 0.3	2.6 ± 0.3	1.3 ± 0.8	6.9 ± 3.5
	真矛线属 Eudorylaimus	Eudo.	4	2.3 ± 1.5	0.0	0.0	0.5 ± 0.3	0.0
	中矛线属 Mesodorylaimus	Meso.	4	24.1 ± 2.8	4.3 ± 0.5	3.4 ± 0.5	2.8 ± 1.3	10.1 ± 4.3
	矛线属 Dorylaimus	Dor.	4	12.1 ± 1.1	2.7 ± 0.3	1.3 ± 0.8	4.2 ± 1.1	0.3 ± 0.3
	拱唇属 Labronema	Labr.	4	0.0	0.0	0.8 ± 0.5	0.0	0.0
	基齿属 Iotonchus	Ioto.	4	0.0	1.4 ± 0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0
	拟桑尼属 Thorneella	Tho.	4	0.0	2.4 ± 0.3	1.0 ± 0.7	0.5 ± 0.5	0.0
	拟矛线属 Dorylaimoides	Dory.	4	0.0	0.0	1.0 ± 0.4	0.0	0.0
	孔咽属 Aporcelaimus	Apor.	5	0.0	2.4 ± 0.7	0.0	0.0	2.3 ± 0.8
	前矛线属 Prodorylaimus	Prod.	5	0.5 ± 0.5	1.9 ± 1.1	0.0	2.1 ± 0.5	2.1 ± 1.2
线虫属数 Total nematode taxa				17	19	16	25	20

食性 Feeding habit	属名 Genera	缩写 Abbr.	c-p值 c-p value	耕作年限 Cultivation duration
食性 Feeding habit	属名 Genera	缩写 Abbr.	c-p值 c-p value	1 yr	10 yr	20 yr	50 yr	100 yr
植食者	短体属 Pratylenchus	Prat.	3	4.3 ± 0.6	0.0	0.0	1.8 ± 0.7	0.5 ± 0.5
Herbivor	矮化属 Tylenchorhynchus	Tyl.	3	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.6 ± 1.1	0.0
	螺旋属 Helicotylenchus	Heli.	3	4.8 ± 0.6	0.0	1.5 ± 1.0	1.0 ± 0.6	0.0
	潜根属 Hirschmanniella	Hirs.	3	12.7 ± 1.7	25.9 ± 3.0	32.2 ± 0.9	28.1 ± 6.3	34.3 ± 4.6
	盘旋属 Rotylenchus	Roty.	3	0.0	0.0	0.0	3.2 ± 1.5	0.0
	丝尾属 Oxydirus	Oxyd.	5	1.9 ± 0.6	0.0	0.5 ± 0.3	2.2 ± 1.1	3.7 ± 1.3
食细菌者	小杆属 Rhabditis	Rhab.	1	0.0	1.3 ± 0.6	0.0	1.3 ± 0.8	0.3 ± 0.3
Bacterivor	中杆属 Mesorhabditis	Mesr.	1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.8 ± 0.8
	原杆属 Protorhaditis	Prot.	1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2 ± 0.2	0.3 ± 0.3
	头叶属 Cephalobus	Ceph.	2	13.2 ± 1.1	22.1 ± 1.4	20.2 ± 0.9	25.0 ± 3.1	15.5 ± 2.2
	鹿角唇属 Cervidellus	Cerv.	2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3 ± 0.3	0.0
	真头叶属 Eucephalobus	Euce.	2	3.2 ± 0.9	1.3 ± 0.8	0.0	0.3 ± 0.3	0.0
	绕线属 Plectus	Ple.	2	2.4 ± 0.6	1.6 ± 1.0	2.6 ± 0.3	2.4 ± 0.7	12.4 ± 4.4
	连胃属 Chronogaster	Chr.	2	2.0 ± 0.8	3.2 ± 0.4	3.9 ± 0.4	2.3 ± 0.7	0.5 ± 0.5
	棱咽属 Prismatolaimus	Pris.	2	0.0	0.0	0.5 ± 0.3	1.8 ± 0.6	0.0
	单宫属 Monhystera	Monh.	2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3 ± 0.3
	无咽属 Alaimus	Alai.	4	2.0 ± 0.7	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
食真菌者	滑刃属 Aphelenchoides	Aphe.	2	2.9 ± 0.6	10.2 ± 1.2	6.8 ± 1.3	0.3 ± 0.3	2.0 ± 0.3
Fungivor	真滑刃属 Aphelenchus	Aph.	2	0.0	1.8 ± 1.1	0.0	0.3 ± 0.3	0.5 ± 0.3
	丝尾垫刃属 Filenchus	Fil.	2	7.6 ± 1.0	9.6 ± 1.5	18.9 ± 0.4	8.5 ± 3.0	3.9 ± 1.0
	茎属 Ditylenchus	Dity.	2	3.1 ± 0.6	3.5 ± 0.9	0.0	4.4 ± 0.8	1.1 ± 1.0
捕食/杂食者	三孔属 Tripyla	Trip.	3	0.8 ± 0.8	1.6 ± 1.0	2.6 ± 0.3	2.7 ± 0.6	2.2 ± 0.7
Omnivores/predator	托布利属 Tobrilus	Tobr.	3	0.0	2.7 ± 0.3	2.6 ± 0.3	1.3 ± 0.8	6.9 ± 3.5
	真矛线属 Eudorylaimus	Eudo.	4	2.3 ± 1.5	0.0	0.0	0.5 ± 0.3	0.0
	中矛线属 Mesodorylaimus	Meso.	4	24.1 ± 2.8	4.3 ± 0.5	3.4 ± 0.5	2.8 ± 1.3	10.1 ± 4.3
	矛线属 Dorylaimus	Dor.	4	12.1 ± 1.1	2.7 ± 0.3	1.3 ± 0.8	4.2 ± 1.1	0.3 ± 0.3
	拱唇属 Labronema	Labr.	4	0.0	0.0	0.8 ± 0.5	0.0	0.0
	基齿属 Iotonchus	Ioto.	4	0.0	1.4 ± 0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0
	拟桑尼属 Thorneella	Tho.	4	0.0	2.4 ± 0.3	1.0 ± 0.7	0.5 ± 0.5	0.0
	拟矛线属 Dorylaimoides	Dory.	4	0.0	0.0	1.0 ± 0.4	0.0	0.0
	孔咽属 Aporcelaimus	Apor.	5	0.0	2.4 ± 0.7	0.0	0.0	2.3 ± 0.8
	前矛线属 Prodorylaimus	Prod.	5	0.5 ± 0.5	1.9 ± 1.1	0.0	2.1 ± 0.5	2.1 ± 1.2
线虫属数 Total nematode taxa				17	19	16	25	20

耕作年限 Cultivation duration	各营养类群占总体的百分比%				成熟度指数	结构指数	通道指数
耕作年限 Cultivation duration	植食者 PP	食细菌者 BF	食真菌者 FF	捕食/杂食者 OP	Maturity index	Structure index	Nematode channel ratio
1 yr	23.8 ± 1.5^c	22.8 ± 1.4^b	13.6 ± 2.2^b	39.8 ± 2.4^a	2.2 ± 0.1^a	85.5 ± 1.1^a	0.6 ± 0.1^bc
10 yr	25.9 ± 3.0^bc	29.6 ± 2.9^ab	25.2 ± 3.7^a	19.4 ± 2.9^bc	1.6 ± 0.1^b	63.2 ± 4.3^bc	0.5 ± 0.1^c
20 yr	34.3 ± 1.6^ab	27.2 ± 0.7^ab	25.7 ± 1.5^a	12.8 ± 0.8^c	1.1 ± 0.0^d	55.2 ± 1.1^c	0.5 ± 0.0^c
50 yr	38.9 ± 4.1^a	33.6 ± 3.4^a	13.4 ± 3.2^b	14.2 ± 1.5^bc	1.3 ± 0.1^cd	59.4 ± 0.6^bc	0.7 ± 0.1^ab
100 yr	38.6 ± 3.8^a	30.1 ± 4.0^ab	7.5 ± 1.3^b	23.8 ± 5.6^b	1.6 ± 0.2^bc	69.9 ± 7.8^b	0.8 ± 0.0^a

耕作年限 Cultivation duration	各营养类群占总体的百分比%				成熟度指数	结构指数	通道指数
耕作年限 Cultivation duration	植食者 PP	食细菌者 BF	食真菌者 FF	捕食/杂食者 OP	Maturity index	Structure index	Nematode channel ratio
1 yr	23.8 ± 1.5^c	22.8 ± 1.4^b	13.6 ± 2.2^b	39.8 ± 2.4^a	2.2 ± 0.1^a	85.5 ± 1.1^a	0.6 ± 0.1^bc
10 yr	25.9 ± 3.0^bc	29.6 ± 2.9^ab	25.2 ± 3.7^a	19.4 ± 2.9^bc	1.6 ± 0.1^b	63.2 ± 4.3^bc	0.5 ± 0.1^c
20 yr	34.3 ± 1.6^ab	27.2 ± 0.7^ab	25.7 ± 1.5^a	12.8 ± 0.8^c	1.1 ± 0.0^d	55.2 ± 1.1^c	0.5 ± 0.0^c
50 yr	38.9 ± 4.1^a	33.6 ± 3.4^a	13.4 ± 3.2^b	14.2 ± 1.5^bc	1.3 ± 0.1^cd	59.4 ± 0.6^bc	0.7 ± 0.1^ab
100 yr	38.6 ± 3.8^a	30.1 ± 4.0^ab	7.5 ± 1.3^b	23.8 ± 5.6^b	1.6 ± 0.2^bc	69.9 ± 7.8^b	0.8 ± 0.0^a