One or more species? GBS sequencing and morphological traits evidence reveal species diversification of Sphaeropteris brunoniana in China

doi:10.17520/biods.2019146

Abstract

Abstract:

Species are not static, but in the process of continuous differentiation and evolution. In this context, reproductive isolation is considered the key to most speciation events. However, species that may be only partially reproductively isolated may disturb our understanding of a species, as stated by ‘The integrative species concept’. In the Flora of China, Chinese Sphaeropteris contains two species, S. brunoniana and S. lepifera. S. brunoniana is thought to be the same species as a Hainan native, S. hainanensis, however, S. hainanensis seems to have differentiated morphologically. This study further explores the genetic relationship between S. brunoniana and its related species by collecting 21 samples from 9 populations for GBS reduced-representation genome sequencing for phylogenetic analysis. Using both genetic and morphological data, our results indicate that S. hainanensis differs genetically from S. brunoniana, but is also morphologically distinct based on leaf characteristics and spore ornamentation. Although the reproductive isolation of the two populations is weak, hybrids are formed in the coastal areas of Guangxi and leaves mimic intermediate morphology between parents. Therefore, our results suggest that S. hainanensis is in the process of speciation due to geographic isolation and suggests to restore its species status. S. brunoniana × hainanensis which the sample from Guangxi should be considered an independent natural hybrid taxon.

Key words: Sphaeropteris, S. hainanensis, speciation, natural hybridization, GBS, SNP

Morigengaowa , Hui Shang, Baodong Liu, Ming Kang, Yuehong Yan. One or more species? GBS sequencing and morphological traits evidence reveal species diversification of Sphaeropteris brunoniana in China[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2019, 27(11): 1196-1204.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2019146

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2019/V27/I11/1196

Figures/Tables 9

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类群 Taxon	采样地点 Location	样本数量及采集号 Sample size and voucher no.
白桫椤 S. brunoniana	广西东兴 Dongxing, Guangxi	3: CFH09001403, CFH09001405, CFH09001406
白桫椤 S. brunoniana	海南琼中 Qiongzhong, Hainan	2: SG2100, SG2103
白桫椤 S. brunoniana	海南五指山 Wuzhishan, Hainan	6: SG2005, SG2014, SG2021, SG2030, SG2050, SG2054
白桫椤 S. brunoniana	云南河口 Hekou, Yunnan	3: CFH09000322, CFH09000324, CFH09000325
白桫椤 S. brunoniana	云南麻栗坡 Malipo, Yunnan	1: YN384
白桫椤 S. brunoniana	云南屏边 Pingbian, Yunnan	2: CFH09000301, ZXL05870
笔筒树 S. lepifera	福建福州 Fuzhou, Fujian	1: GBJ02954
笔筒树 S. lepifera	福建平潭 Pingtan, Fujian	1: GBJ04090
笔筒树 S. lepifera	台湾兰屿 Lanyu, Taiwan	2: ZXL06026, ZXL09919

类群 Taxon	采样地点 Location	样本数量及采集号 Sample size and voucher no.
白桫椤 S. brunoniana	广西东兴 Dongxing, Guangxi	3: CFH09001403, CFH09001405, CFH09001406
白桫椤 S. brunoniana	海南琼中 Qiongzhong, Hainan	2: SG2100, SG2103
白桫椤 S. brunoniana	海南五指山 Wuzhishan, Hainan	6: SG2005, SG2014, SG2021, SG2030, SG2050, SG2054
白桫椤 S. brunoniana	云南河口 Hekou, Yunnan	3: CFH09000322, CFH09000324, CFH09000325
白桫椤 S. brunoniana	云南麻栗坡 Malipo, Yunnan	1: YN384
白桫椤 S. brunoniana	云南屏边 Pingbian, Yunnan	2: CFH09000301, ZXL05870
笔筒树 S. lepifera	福建福州 Fuzhou, Fujian	1: GBJ02954
笔筒树 S. lepifera	福建平潭 Pingtan, Fujian	1: GBJ04090
笔筒树 S. lepifera	台湾兰屿 Lanyu, Taiwan	2: ZXL06026, ZXL09919

	笔筒树 S. lepifera	白桫椤 S. brunoniana
	笔筒树 S. lepifera	云南 Yunnan	广西 Guangxi	海南 Hainan
孢子大小 Spore size	34 μm × 46 μm	31 μm × 47 μm	35 μm × 45 μm	37 μm × 45 μm
极面观 Polar view	三角形, 三边内凹 Triangle, inset edge	三角形, 三边内凹 Triangle, inset edge	三角形, 三边直 Triangle, straight edge	三角形, 三边直 Triangle, straight edge
赤道面观 Equatorial view	扇形或近半圆形 Sector or approximate semicircle	扇形或近半圆形 Sector or approximate semicircle	扇形 Sector	扇形 Sector
表面纹 Ornamentation	短刺状 Short-echinulate	颗粒状, 细小 Granulate, small	颗粒状, 粗大 Granulate, thick	颗粒状, 细小 Granulate, small

	笔筒树 S. lepifera	白桫椤 S. brunoniana
	笔筒树 S. lepifera	云南 Yunnan	广西 Guangxi	海南 Hainan
孢子大小 Spore size	34 μm × 46 μm	31 μm × 47 μm	35 μm × 45 μm	37 μm × 45 μm
极面观 Polar view	三角形, 三边内凹 Triangle, inset edge	三角形, 三边内凹 Triangle, inset edge	三角形, 三边直 Triangle, straight edge	三角形, 三边直 Triangle, straight edge
赤道面观 Equatorial view	扇形或近半圆形 Sector or approximate semicircle	扇形或近半圆形 Sector or approximate semicircle	扇形 Sector	扇形 Sector
表面纹 Ornamentation	短刺状 Short-echinulate	颗粒状, 细小 Granulate, small	颗粒状, 粗大 Granulate, thick	颗粒状, 细小 Granulate, small