Biodiv Sci ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 24042. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024042 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024042
• Original Papers: Animal Diversity • Previous Articles Next Articles
Fen Song1,2(), Yunyun Zhou2, Taifu Huang3(), Cuncun Yang4, Guiqing Yu4, Shurong Tian2,*(), Zuofu Xiang1,*()()
Received:
2024-01-31
Accepted:
2024-05-04
Online:
2024-06-20
Published:
2024-06-18
Contact:
* E-mail: Fen Song, Yunyun Zhou, Taifu Huang, Cuncun Yang, Guiqing Yu, Shurong Tian, Zuofu Xiang. PAE coding and diversity analysis of Moschus berezovskii behavior based on infrared camera technology[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(6): 24042.
姿势 Posture | 编码 Code | 姿势 Posture | 编码 Code |
---|---|---|---|
站 Standing | 1 | 跑 Running | 5 |
蹲 Squatting | 2 | 跳 Jumping | 6 |
卧 Sitting | 3 | 攀登 Climbing | 7 |
行 Walking | 4 |
Table 1 Posture codes of Moschus berezovskii
姿势 Posture | 编码 Code | 姿势 Posture | 编码 Code |
---|---|---|---|
站 Standing | 1 | 跑 Running | 5 |
蹲 Squatting | 2 | 跳 Jumping | 6 |
卧 Sitting | 3 | 攀登 Climbing | 7 |
行 Walking | 4 |
动作 Act | 编码 Code | 动作 Act | 编码 Code |
---|---|---|---|
头颈部 Head and neck | 耳前伏 Ears laid forward | 33 | |
摇头 Shake | 1 | 耳后伏 Ears laid back | 34 |
低头 Bow head | 2 | 嗅 Sniff | 35 |
抬头 Head up | 3 | 鼻翼撑张 Nosewing open | 36 |
点头 Nod | 4 | 喷嚏 Sneeze | 37 |
回头 Turn back | 5 | 四肢 Limbs | |
左转 Turn head left | 6 | 直立 Stand | 38 |
右转 Turn head right | 7 | 踏步 Step | 39 |
顶 Bunt | 8 | 前迈步 Step forward | 40 |
前伸 Extend forward | 9 | 后迈步 Step back | 41 |
蹭 Rub | 10 | 侧迈步 Step diagonal | 42 |
嘴部 Mouth | 跑 Run | 43 | |
啃 Gnaw | 11 | 跳 Jump | 44 |
扯 Pull | 12 | 撑 Support | 45 |
嚼 Chew | 13 | 前肢伸直 Foreleg straight | 46 |
舔 Lick | 14 | 单前肢弯曲 One foreleg bends | 47 |
咬 Bite | 15 | 攀登 Climbing | 48 |
舔嘴唇 Lick lip | 16 | 单后肢弯曲 One hindleg bends | 49 |
张嘴 Open mouth | 17 | 单后肢抬起 One hindleg hangs | 50 |
漏齿 Leaky teeth | 18 | 四肢对齐站立 Stand with four legs together | 51 |
流涎 Salivate | 19 | 后肢开叉站立 Stand with hind legs apart | 52 |
咂嘴 Lip flipper | 20 | 后肢蹲 Hind legs squat | 53 |
吞咽 Swallow | 21 | 挠 Scratch | 54 |
闭嘴 Close mouth | 22 | 腰荐腹尾部 Hindquarter | |
吐舌 Stick out tongue | 23 | 伸腰 Stretch | 55 |
出声 Send out the voice | 24 | 弯腰 Bend | 56 |
眼耳鼻部 Eye, ear and nose | 左转身 Turn left of the body | 57 | |
闭眼 Close eyes | 25 | 右转身 Turn right of the body | 58 |
眨眼 Blink | 26 | 转圈 Circle | 59 |
注视 Watch | 27 | 收腹 Contraction | 60 |
观望 Attention | 28 | 尾下垂 Tail down | 61 |
耳前转 Ears turn forward | 29 | 蹭 Rub | 62 |
耳后转 Ears turn back | 30 | 抖动 Shieve | 63 |
耳侧立 Ears turn to aside | 31 | 排尿 Urinate | 64 |
扇动耳朵 Fan ear | 32 | 排便 Defecate | 65 |
Table 2 Act codes of Moschus berezovskii
动作 Act | 编码 Code | 动作 Act | 编码 Code |
---|---|---|---|
头颈部 Head and neck | 耳前伏 Ears laid forward | 33 | |
摇头 Shake | 1 | 耳后伏 Ears laid back | 34 |
低头 Bow head | 2 | 嗅 Sniff | 35 |
抬头 Head up | 3 | 鼻翼撑张 Nosewing open | 36 |
点头 Nod | 4 | 喷嚏 Sneeze | 37 |
回头 Turn back | 5 | 四肢 Limbs | |
左转 Turn head left | 6 | 直立 Stand | 38 |
右转 Turn head right | 7 | 踏步 Step | 39 |
顶 Bunt | 8 | 前迈步 Step forward | 40 |
前伸 Extend forward | 9 | 后迈步 Step back | 41 |
蹭 Rub | 10 | 侧迈步 Step diagonal | 42 |
嘴部 Mouth | 跑 Run | 43 | |
啃 Gnaw | 11 | 跳 Jump | 44 |
扯 Pull | 12 | 撑 Support | 45 |
嚼 Chew | 13 | 前肢伸直 Foreleg straight | 46 |
舔 Lick | 14 | 单前肢弯曲 One foreleg bends | 47 |
咬 Bite | 15 | 攀登 Climbing | 48 |
舔嘴唇 Lick lip | 16 | 单后肢弯曲 One hindleg bends | 49 |
张嘴 Open mouth | 17 | 单后肢抬起 One hindleg hangs | 50 |
漏齿 Leaky teeth | 18 | 四肢对齐站立 Stand with four legs together | 51 |
流涎 Salivate | 19 | 后肢开叉站立 Stand with hind legs apart | 52 |
咂嘴 Lip flipper | 20 | 后肢蹲 Hind legs squat | 53 |
吞咽 Swallow | 21 | 挠 Scratch | 54 |
闭嘴 Close mouth | 22 | 腰荐腹尾部 Hindquarter | |
吐舌 Stick out tongue | 23 | 伸腰 Stretch | 55 |
出声 Send out the voice | 24 | 弯腰 Bend | 56 |
眼耳鼻部 Eye, ear and nose | 左转身 Turn left of the body | 57 | |
闭眼 Close eyes | 25 | 右转身 Turn right of the body | 58 |
眨眼 Blink | 26 | 转圈 Circle | 59 |
注视 Watch | 27 | 收腹 Contraction | 60 |
观望 Attention | 28 | 尾下垂 Tail down | 61 |
耳前转 Ears turn forward | 29 | 蹭 Rub | 62 |
耳后转 Ears turn back | 30 | 抖动 Shieve | 63 |
耳侧立 Ears turn to aside | 31 | 排尿 Urinate | 64 |
扇动耳朵 Fan ear | 32 | 排便 Defecate | 65 |
环境 Environment | 生物环境 Biotic | 非生物环境 Abiotic | 编码 Code |
---|---|---|---|
水源 Water | + | 1 | |
石块 Stone | + | 2 | |
雪地 Snowfield | + | 3 | |
阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest | + | 4 | |
针阔混交林 Mixed broadleaf-conifer forest | + | 5 | |
灌丛 Shrub | + | 6 | |
草丛 Underbrush | + | 7 | |
树桩树干 Stump trunk | + | 8 | |
雄性个体 Male | + | 9 | |
雌性个体 Female | + | 10 | |
幼体 Juvenile | + | 11 | |
母幼 Mother and juvenile | + | 12 |
Table 3 Environmental codes
环境 Environment | 生物环境 Biotic | 非生物环境 Abiotic | 编码 Code |
---|---|---|---|
水源 Water | + | 1 | |
石块 Stone | + | 2 | |
雪地 Snowfield | + | 3 | |
阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest | + | 4 | |
针阔混交林 Mixed broadleaf-conifer forest | + | 5 | |
灌丛 Shrub | + | 6 | |
草丛 Underbrush | + | 7 | |
树桩树干 Stump trunk | + | 8 | |
雄性个体 Male | + | 9 | |
雌性个体 Female | + | 10 | |
幼体 Juvenile | + | 11 | |
母幼 Mother and juvenile | + | 12 |
行为 Behavior | 成年雄性 Adult male | 成年雌性 Adult female | 幼体 Juvenile | 季节 Season | PAE编码 PAE code | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
姿势 Posture (P) | 动作 Act (A) | 环境 Environment (E) | |||||
摄食行为 Ingestive behavior | |||||||
站式觅食 Standing foraging | +++ | +++ | Y | 1 | 2, 3, 9, 38, 52 | 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 | |
行式觅食 Walking foraging | +++ | +++ | + | Y | 1, 4 | 2, 3, 9, 22, 35, 40, 42 | 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 |
站式采食 Feeding while standing | +++ | +++ | Y | 1 | 2, 3, 9, 12, 13, 14, 21, 38, 46, 48 | 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 | |
行式采食 Feeding while walking | +++ | +++ | Y | 4 | 2, 3, 11, 12, 13, 16, 21, 40, 42 | 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 | |
卧式采食 Feeding while lying | + | + | Y | 3 | 2, 3, 11, 12, 21, 51 | 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11 | |
反刍咀嚼 Ruminate and chew | +++ | +++ | + | Y | 1, 4 | 9, 13, 16 | 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 |
休息行为 Resting behavior | |||||||
树下卧息 Lying under trees | + | sp | 3 | 29, 31, 53, 61 | 4, 11 | ||
树下站息 Standing under trees | + | + | + | Y | 1 | 28, 54 | 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12 |
树上站息 Standing on the tree | + | + | W | 1 | 31, 53 | 4, 8, 9, 10 | |
警戒行为 Vigilant behavior | |||||||
站式警戒 Standing vigilance | +++ | +++ | + | Y | 1 | 27, 28, 31, 35, 38, 48 | 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 |
行式警戒 Walking vigilance | ++ | ++ | Y | 4 | 27, 28, 31, 35, 40, 42 | 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 | |
蹲式警戒 Squatting vigilance | + | ++ | s, w | 2 | 27, 28, 31, 35, 45, 53, 56 | 3, 4, 5, 9, 10 | |
惊跳 Alert jumping | + | + | Y | 5, 6 | 27, 33, 44 | 4, 5, 8, 9, 10 | |
运动行为 Locomotive behavior | |||||||
前行 Walking forward | +++ | +++ | +++ | Y | 4 | 30, 31, 33, 40 | 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 |
奔跑 Running | + | + | + | Y | 5 | 33, 43, 55 | 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 |
侧行 Walking sideways | + | + | Y | 4 | 29, 30, 31, 42, 57, 58 | 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10 | |
跳跃 Jumping | ++ | ++ | + | Y | 6 | 33, 44, 55 | 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11 |
跟随 Following | +++ | s | 4, 5, 6 | 27, 39, 43 | 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11, 12 | ||
攀登 Climb | + | + | w | 7 | 27, 34, 40, 48 | 2, 9, 10 | |
标记行为 Tagging behavior | |||||||
尾腺标记 Tail gland marking | + | s, w | 1 | 3, 28, 52, 62 | 4, 6, 8, 9 | ||
尾腺气味释放 Tail gland odor release | + | s, w | 1 | 52, 63 | 4, 6, 7, 9 | ||
排遗行为 Elimination behavior | |||||||
蹲式排尿 Squatting urination | ++ | ++ | Y | 2 | 28, 29, 30, 34, 45, 53, 64 | 4, 6, 9, 10 | |
蹲式排便 Squatting defecation | ++ | ++ | Y | 2 | 28, 29, 30, 34, 45, 53, 65 | 4, 6, 9, 10 | |
自我指向 Self-directed | |||||||
后肢搔挠 Scratching with the hind leg | ++ | Y | 1 | 50, 54, 61 | 4, 6, 7, 10 | ||
口部梳理 Self-grooming | + | a, w | 1, 2 | 2, 5, 14, 15, 57, 58 | 4, 6, 7, 10 | ||
舔毛 Licking hair | + | w | 1 | 14, 56 | 4, 6, 7, 10 | ||
喷嚏 Sneeze | + | sp, w | 1 | 2, 3, 4, 34, 37, 63 | 4, 6, 10 | ||
甩毛 Shivering | + | sp, a, s | 1 | 1, 29, 30, 38, 63 | 4, 7, 10 | ||
亲和行为 Affinity behavior | |||||||
梳理毛发 Hair combing | + | + | w | 1 | 9, 10, 14, 15, 27, 38, 56 | 4, 6, 9, 10 | |
嗅闻 Sniff | + | + | w | 1 | 9, 35, 36 | 4, 6, 9, 10 | |
面体接触 Face-body contact | + | + | + | w | 1, 3 | 9, 10, 35 | 4, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12 |
嬉戏 Frolic | + | w | 5, 6 | 29, 30, 33, 34, 40, 43, 44 | 4, 6, 7, 11 |
Table 4 PAE coding system for the behaviors of Moschus berezovskii
行为 Behavior | 成年雄性 Adult male | 成年雌性 Adult female | 幼体 Juvenile | 季节 Season | PAE编码 PAE code | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
姿势 Posture (P) | 动作 Act (A) | 环境 Environment (E) | |||||
摄食行为 Ingestive behavior | |||||||
站式觅食 Standing foraging | +++ | +++ | Y | 1 | 2, 3, 9, 38, 52 | 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 | |
行式觅食 Walking foraging | +++ | +++ | + | Y | 1, 4 | 2, 3, 9, 22, 35, 40, 42 | 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 |
站式采食 Feeding while standing | +++ | +++ | Y | 1 | 2, 3, 9, 12, 13, 14, 21, 38, 46, 48 | 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 | |
行式采食 Feeding while walking | +++ | +++ | Y | 4 | 2, 3, 11, 12, 13, 16, 21, 40, 42 | 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 | |
卧式采食 Feeding while lying | + | + | Y | 3 | 2, 3, 11, 12, 21, 51 | 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11 | |
反刍咀嚼 Ruminate and chew | +++ | +++ | + | Y | 1, 4 | 9, 13, 16 | 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 |
休息行为 Resting behavior | |||||||
树下卧息 Lying under trees | + | sp | 3 | 29, 31, 53, 61 | 4, 11 | ||
树下站息 Standing under trees | + | + | + | Y | 1 | 28, 54 | 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12 |
树上站息 Standing on the tree | + | + | W | 1 | 31, 53 | 4, 8, 9, 10 | |
警戒行为 Vigilant behavior | |||||||
站式警戒 Standing vigilance | +++ | +++ | + | Y | 1 | 27, 28, 31, 35, 38, 48 | 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 |
行式警戒 Walking vigilance | ++ | ++ | Y | 4 | 27, 28, 31, 35, 40, 42 | 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 | |
蹲式警戒 Squatting vigilance | + | ++ | s, w | 2 | 27, 28, 31, 35, 45, 53, 56 | 3, 4, 5, 9, 10 | |
惊跳 Alert jumping | + | + | Y | 5, 6 | 27, 33, 44 | 4, 5, 8, 9, 10 | |
运动行为 Locomotive behavior | |||||||
前行 Walking forward | +++ | +++ | +++ | Y | 4 | 30, 31, 33, 40 | 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 |
奔跑 Running | + | + | + | Y | 5 | 33, 43, 55 | 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 |
侧行 Walking sideways | + | + | Y | 4 | 29, 30, 31, 42, 57, 58 | 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10 | |
跳跃 Jumping | ++ | ++ | + | Y | 6 | 33, 44, 55 | 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11 |
跟随 Following | +++ | s | 4, 5, 6 | 27, 39, 43 | 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11, 12 | ||
攀登 Climb | + | + | w | 7 | 27, 34, 40, 48 | 2, 9, 10 | |
标记行为 Tagging behavior | |||||||
尾腺标记 Tail gland marking | + | s, w | 1 | 3, 28, 52, 62 | 4, 6, 8, 9 | ||
尾腺气味释放 Tail gland odor release | + | s, w | 1 | 52, 63 | 4, 6, 7, 9 | ||
排遗行为 Elimination behavior | |||||||
蹲式排尿 Squatting urination | ++ | ++ | Y | 2 | 28, 29, 30, 34, 45, 53, 64 | 4, 6, 9, 10 | |
蹲式排便 Squatting defecation | ++ | ++ | Y | 2 | 28, 29, 30, 34, 45, 53, 65 | 4, 6, 9, 10 | |
自我指向 Self-directed | |||||||
后肢搔挠 Scratching with the hind leg | ++ | Y | 1 | 50, 54, 61 | 4, 6, 7, 10 | ||
口部梳理 Self-grooming | + | a, w | 1, 2 | 2, 5, 14, 15, 57, 58 | 4, 6, 7, 10 | ||
舔毛 Licking hair | + | w | 1 | 14, 56 | 4, 6, 7, 10 | ||
喷嚏 Sneeze | + | sp, w | 1 | 2, 3, 4, 34, 37, 63 | 4, 6, 10 | ||
甩毛 Shivering | + | sp, a, s | 1 | 1, 29, 30, 38, 63 | 4, 7, 10 | ||
亲和行为 Affinity behavior | |||||||
梳理毛发 Hair combing | + | + | w | 1 | 9, 10, 14, 15, 27, 38, 56 | 4, 6, 9, 10 | |
嗅闻 Sniff | + | + | w | 1 | 9, 35, 36 | 4, 6, 9, 10 | |
面体接触 Face-body contact | + | + | + | w | 1, 3 | 9, 10, 35 | 4, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12 |
嬉戏 Frolic | + | w | 5, 6 | 29, 30, 33, 34, 40, 43, 44 | 4, 6, 7, 11 |
Fig. 1 Partial behavior of Moschus berezovskii. (a) Elimination behavior: Squatting defecation; (b) Tagging behavior: Tail gland marking; (c) Affinity behavior: Face-body contact; (d) Locomotive behavior: Jumping; (e) Self-directed: Scratching with the hind leg; (f) Locomotive behavior: Following, (g) Ingestive behavior: Standing foraging.
Fig. 2 Percentage of Moschus berezovskii behavior frequency in different groups. The proportion of the frequency of Moschus berezovskii behaviors in different habitats (a), seasons (b) and gender age groups (c).
组别 Groups | 绝对行 为多样 性指 数(H) | 特定行为 类型多样 性指数 (Hvariable) | 相对行 为多样 性指数 (r) | 校正多样 性指数 (r-variable) |
---|---|---|---|---|
生境组 Habitat groups | ||||
阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest | 0.5530 | 1.7737 | 0.2386 | 0.3118 |
针阔混交林 Mixed broadleaf-conifer forest | 1.1227 | 2.4307 | 0.4845 | 0.4619 |
灌丛 Shrub | 0.4953 | 3.0794 | 0.2137 | 0.1608 |
草丛 Underbrush | 0.7694 | 2.1309 | 0.3320 | 0.3611 |
平均 Average | 0.7351 | 2.3537 | 0.3172 | 0.3239 |
季节组 Season groups | ||||
春季 Spring | 0.8922 | 1.5616 | 0.3850 | 0.5714 |
夏季 Summer | 0.7954 | 1.1309 | 0.3432 | 0.5245 |
秋季 Autumn | 0.7775 | 0.9307 | 0.3355 | 0.8354 |
冬季 Winter | 0.5094 | 2.2482 | 0.2198 | 0.2266 |
平均 Average | 0.7436 | 1.4679 | 0.3490 | 0.5395 |
性别年龄组 Age and gender groups | ||||
雄性 Male | 0.5814 | 1.8614 | 0.2508 | 0.3124 |
雌性 Female | 0.6338 | 2.2482 | 0.2783 | 0.2819 |
幼体 Juvenile | 0.3816 | 1.0179 | 0.1647 | 0.3750 |
平均 Average | 0.5323 | 1.7092 | 0.2313 | 0.3231 |
Table 5 Behavioral diversity index of Moschus berezovskii among different groups
组别 Groups | 绝对行 为多样 性指 数(H) | 特定行为 类型多样 性指数 (Hvariable) | 相对行 为多样 性指数 (r) | 校正多样 性指数 (r-variable) |
---|---|---|---|---|
生境组 Habitat groups | ||||
阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest | 0.5530 | 1.7737 | 0.2386 | 0.3118 |
针阔混交林 Mixed broadleaf-conifer forest | 1.1227 | 2.4307 | 0.4845 | 0.4619 |
灌丛 Shrub | 0.4953 | 3.0794 | 0.2137 | 0.1608 |
草丛 Underbrush | 0.7694 | 2.1309 | 0.3320 | 0.3611 |
平均 Average | 0.7351 | 2.3537 | 0.3172 | 0.3239 |
季节组 Season groups | ||||
春季 Spring | 0.8922 | 1.5616 | 0.3850 | 0.5714 |
夏季 Summer | 0.7954 | 1.1309 | 0.3432 | 0.5245 |
秋季 Autumn | 0.7775 | 0.9307 | 0.3355 | 0.8354 |
冬季 Winter | 0.5094 | 2.2482 | 0.2198 | 0.2266 |
平均 Average | 0.7436 | 1.4679 | 0.3490 | 0.5395 |
性别年龄组 Age and gender groups | ||||
雄性 Male | 0.5814 | 1.8614 | 0.2508 | 0.3124 |
雌性 Female | 0.6338 | 2.2482 | 0.2783 | 0.2819 |
幼体 Juvenile | 0.3816 | 1.0179 | 0.1647 | 0.3750 |
平均 Average | 0.5323 | 1.7092 | 0.2313 | 0.3231 |
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