Comparison of taxonomic morphological characteristics between Rorippa indica and R. dubia

doi:10.17520/biods.2018224

Abstract

Abstract:

The taxonomic status of Rorippa indica and R. dubia remains controversial. In order to clarify the taxonomic relationship between them, the differences of taxonomic characteristics and cytogenetic between both of them were systematically investigated by means of morphological index measurement, DNA relative content detection, somatic chromosome observation and genetic distance analysis based on SSR markers. Our results showed that R. indica (2n = 48) was hexaploid and R. dubia (2n = 32) was tetraploid. Consistently, the DNA relative content of the former was about 150, which was 1.5 times that of the latter. Genetic distance analysis based on 45 SSR markers indicated sister relationships between R. indica and R. dubia. However, they could be divided into two species when the threshold of genetic distance was set as 0.23, which was the genetic distance between two well separated species, R. globosa and R. sylvestris. Meanwhile, the two taxa could be readily distinguished by pod length and seed density. In addition, obvious reproductive barriers were observed between them. The seed setting rates of self-pollinated R. indica and R. dubia were 97.73% and 95.65%, respectively, while that of R. indica cross-fertilized by the pollens from R. dubia was 0. In comparison, the seed setting rate of R. dubia cross-fertilized by the pollen from R. indica were 47.06%, but the germination rate of these seeds was zero. In conclusion, R. indica and R. dubia should be regarded as two species

Key words: Rorippa indica, Rorippa dubia, evolution, cytogenetics, classification

Tu Weifeng,Zhang Yang,Tang Jie,Tu Yuqin,Xin Jiajia,Ji Hongli,Zhang Nanfeng,Zhang Tao. Comparison of taxonomic morphological characteristics between Rorippa indica and R. dubia[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2019, 27(2): 168-176.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2018224

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2019/V27/I2/168

Figures/Tables 7

References 28

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居群代号 Population code	地点 Locality	生境 Habitat	经纬度 Location	海拔 Altitude (m)
印度蔊菜居群 Rorippa indica
Ri-1	江西省大余县池江镇 Chijiang Town, Dayu, Jiangxi	田埂和排水渠两侧草丛附近 Near the balk and offtake of the brushwood	25.49° N; 114.55° E	174
Ri-2	江西省大余县河洞乡 Hedong Town, Dayu, Jiangxi	空旷的沙土地, 植被较少 Open sandy land with less vegetation	25.31° N; 114.08° E	372
Ri-3	江西省永修县大屋村 Dawu Village, Yongxiu, Jiangxi	溪流旁的碎石滩周围 Near the rocky beach of streams	29.17° N; 115.57° E	32
Ri-4	江西省安福县岭上村 Lingshang Village, Anfu, Jiangxi	废旧房屋墙角碎石缝隙中 Narrow gaps in the rubble near the corner of old houses	27.20° N; 114.58° E	89
Ri-5	江西省永修县内江村 Neijiang Village, Yongxiu, Jiangxi	空旷的沙土地, 植被较少 Open sandy land with less vegetation	29.04° N; 115.81o E	56
Ri-6	江西省农业科学院 Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi	有房屋遮阴, 生于排水沟周围 Around the drain and under the eaves	28.56° N; 115.94o E	45
无瓣蔊菜居群 R. dubia
Rd-1	江西省永修县陈司村 Chensi Village, Yongxiu, Jiangxi	废旧房屋墙角碎石缝隙中 Narrow gaps in the rubble near the corner of old houses	29.31° N; 115.44° E	79
Rd-2	江西省永修县南坑村 Nankeng Village, Yongxiu, Jiangxi	有树木遮阴, 路旁排水沟两侧 Around the drain and under the trees	29.14° N; 115.53° E	203
Rd-3	江西省大余县樟斗镇 Zhangdou Town, Dayu, Jiangxi	冬闲的水稻田内 In the winter leisure farmland	25.58° N; 114.47° E	296
Rd-4	江西省永修县河桥村 Heqiao Village, Yongxiu, Jiangxi	农家菜园内, 土壤肥沃 In the garden with fertile soil	29.29° N; 115.56° E	69
球果蔊菜居群 R. globosa
Rg-1	江西省永修县吴城村 Wucheng Village, Yongxiu, Jiangxi	空旷的沙土地, 植被较少 Open sandy land with less vegetation	29.18° N; 116.00° E	28
Rg-2	江西省永修县丁山村 Dingshan Village, Yongxiu, Jiangxi	废旧房屋墙角碎石缝隙中 Narrow gaps in the rubble near the corner of old houses	29.14° N; 115.98° E	33
欧亚蔊菜居群 R. sylvestris
Rs-1	江西省西宁市城北区 Chengbei District, Xining, Qinghai	空旷的沙土地, 植被较少 Open sandy land with less vegetation	36.73° N; 101.75° E	2,206
Rs-2	江西省西宁市城北区 Chengbei District, Xining, Qinghai	空旷的沙土地, 植被较少 Open sandy land with less vegetation	36.76° N; 101.73° E	2,268

居群代号 Population code	地点 Locality	生境 Habitat	经纬度 Location	海拔 Altitude (m)
印度蔊菜居群 Rorippa indica
Ri-1	江西省大余县池江镇 Chijiang Town, Dayu, Jiangxi	田埂和排水渠两侧草丛附近 Near the balk and offtake of the brushwood	25.49° N; 114.55° E	174
Ri-2	江西省大余县河洞乡 Hedong Town, Dayu, Jiangxi	空旷的沙土地, 植被较少 Open sandy land with less vegetation	25.31° N; 114.08° E	372
Ri-3	江西省永修县大屋村 Dawu Village, Yongxiu, Jiangxi	溪流旁的碎石滩周围 Near the rocky beach of streams	29.17° N; 115.57° E	32
Ri-4	江西省安福县岭上村 Lingshang Village, Anfu, Jiangxi	废旧房屋墙角碎石缝隙中 Narrow gaps in the rubble near the corner of old houses	27.20° N; 114.58° E	89
Ri-5	江西省永修县内江村 Neijiang Village, Yongxiu, Jiangxi	空旷的沙土地, 植被较少 Open sandy land with less vegetation	29.04° N; 115.81o E	56
Ri-6	江西省农业科学院 Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi	有房屋遮阴, 生于排水沟周围 Around the drain and under the eaves	28.56° N; 115.94o E	45
无瓣蔊菜居群 R. dubia
Rd-1	江西省永修县陈司村 Chensi Village, Yongxiu, Jiangxi	废旧房屋墙角碎石缝隙中 Narrow gaps in the rubble near the corner of old houses	29.31° N; 115.44° E	79
Rd-2	江西省永修县南坑村 Nankeng Village, Yongxiu, Jiangxi	有树木遮阴, 路旁排水沟两侧 Around the drain and under the trees	29.14° N; 115.53° E	203
Rd-3	江西省大余县樟斗镇 Zhangdou Town, Dayu, Jiangxi	冬闲的水稻田内 In the winter leisure farmland	25.58° N; 114.47° E	296
Rd-4	江西省永修县河桥村 Heqiao Village, Yongxiu, Jiangxi	农家菜园内, 土壤肥沃 In the garden with fertile soil	29.29° N; 115.56° E	69
球果蔊菜居群 R. globosa
Rg-1	江西省永修县吴城村 Wucheng Village, Yongxiu, Jiangxi	空旷的沙土地, 植被较少 Open sandy land with less vegetation	29.18° N; 116.00° E	28
Rg-2	江西省永修县丁山村 Dingshan Village, Yongxiu, Jiangxi	废旧房屋墙角碎石缝隙中 Narrow gaps in the rubble near the corner of old houses	29.14° N; 115.98° E	33
欧亚蔊菜居群 R. sylvestris
Rs-1	江西省西宁市城北区 Chengbei District, Xining, Qinghai	空旷的沙土地, 植被较少 Open sandy land with less vegetation	36.73° N; 101.75° E	2,206
Rs-2	江西省西宁市城北区 Chengbei District, Xining, Qinghai	空旷的沙土地, 植被较少 Open sandy land with less vegetation	36.76° N; 101.73° E	2,268

处理 Treatment	每花花瓣数 Petal number per flower	种子列数 Seed column	角果长度 Pod length (mm)	每角果种子数 Number of seeds per pod	结籽密度 (粒/cm) Seed density (No./cm)
印度蔊菜盆栽对照处理 Control for R. indica	3.94 ± 0.24 ^d	2	16.01 ± 1.17 ^b	82.00 ± 7.20 ^c	5.12 ± 0.15 ^d
印度蔊菜盆栽干旱处理 Drought stress for R. indica	3.06 ± 1.24 ^c	2	10.19 ± 3.50 ^a	43.92 ± 23.76 ^a	4.07 ± 1.15 ^c
印度蔊菜自然条件下生长 Natural condition for R. indica	3.89 ± 0.32 ^d	2	16.98 ± 1.06 ^b	93.70 ± 3.92 ^c	5.45 ± 0.33 ^d
无瓣蔊菜盆栽对照处理 Control for R. dubia	0.43 ± 0.84 ^a	1	29.51 ± 5.21 ^d	65.15 ± 16.13 ^b	2.20 ± 0.31 ^a
无瓣蔊菜盆栽干旱处理 Drought stress for R. dubia	1.35 ± 1.11 ^b	1	20.20 ± 2.87 ^c	68.71 ± 10.38 ^b	3.41 ± 0.38 ^b
无瓣蔊菜自然条件下生长 Natural condition for R. dubia	0.75 ± 1.20 ^a	1	27.30 ± 5.24 ^d	66.17 ± 18.92 ^b	2.39 ± 0.38 ^a

处理 Treatment	每花花瓣数 Petal number per flower	种子列数 Seed column	角果长度 Pod length (mm)	每角果种子数 Number of seeds per pod	结籽密度 (粒/cm) Seed density (No./cm)
印度蔊菜盆栽对照处理 Control for R. indica	3.94 ± 0.24 ^d	2	16.01 ± 1.17 ^b	82.00 ± 7.20 ^c	5.12 ± 0.15 ^d
印度蔊菜盆栽干旱处理 Drought stress for R. indica	3.06 ± 1.24 ^c	2	10.19 ± 3.50 ^a	43.92 ± 23.76 ^a	4.07 ± 1.15 ^c
印度蔊菜自然条件下生长 Natural condition for R. indica	3.89 ± 0.32 ^d	2	16.98 ± 1.06 ^b	93.70 ± 3.92 ^c	5.45 ± 0.33 ^d
无瓣蔊菜盆栽对照处理 Control for R. dubia	0.43 ± 0.84 ^a	1	29.51 ± 5.21 ^d	65.15 ± 16.13 ^b	2.20 ± 0.31 ^a
无瓣蔊菜盆栽干旱处理 Drought stress for R. dubia	1.35 ± 1.11 ^b	1	20.20 ± 2.87 ^c	68.71 ± 10.38 ^b	3.41 ± 0.38 ^b
无瓣蔊菜自然条件下生长 Natural condition for R. dubia	0.75 ± 1.20 ^a	1	27.30 ± 5.24 ^d	66.17 ± 18.92 ^b	2.39 ± 0.38 ^a

处理 Treatment	授粉花朵数 No. of pollinated flowers	结实角果数 No. of developed pods	结实率 Seed setting rate (%)	种子列数 Seed column	角果长度 Pod length (mm)	每角果种子数 No. of seeds per pod	种子萌发率 Seed germination rate (%)
印度蔊菜自花授粉 Self pollination of R. indica	44	43	97.73	2	15.23 ± 2.16 ^a	90.26 ± 3.89 ^a	96.70
无瓣蔊菜自花授粉 Self pollination of R. dubia	46	44	95.65	1	29.45 ± 6.52 ^b	63.28 ± 10.67 ^b	97.80
♀印度蔊菜 × ♂无瓣蔊菜 ♀R. indica × ♂R. dubia	36	0	0	-	-	-	-
♀无瓣蔊菜 × ♂印度蔊菜 ♀R. dubia × ♂R. indica	34	16	47.06	1	23.97 ± 8.83 ^b	46.16 ± 15.37 ^b	0