Abstract: Abies yuanbaoshanensis (Pinaceae) is an endangered species endemic to Yuanbaoshan Mountain, Guangxi, China. Genetic diversity in 43 individuals of the speices was assessed using the amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) technique. Four primer combinations generated a total of 261 bands, of which 133 were polymorphic (50.96%). The Nei′s gene diversity of the population was 0.1510, and Shannon′s information index was 0.1735. The results indicate that Abies yuanbaoshanensis has a low level of genetic diversity. This finding provides valuable information for formulating future conservation programs for the species.