基于基因组SNPs的南极恩克斯堡岛阿德利企鹅繁殖种群的遗传结构

doi:10.17520/biods.2019255

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

我国提议在南极恩克斯堡岛新站址北侧3 km的阿德利企鹅(Pygoscelis adeliae)聚集繁殖地建立南极特别保护区, 对保护区边界的划分, 各国尚存争议, 尤其是对南湾(South Bay)的繁殖小种群是否具有遗传独特性, 是否应将其纳入保护区是重点关注的问题。本研究采集了恩克斯堡岛海景湾(Seaview Bay)和南湾的阿德利企鹅样品, 通过全基因组重测序和种群基因组学方法, 分析了恩克斯堡岛不同区域的种群遗传结构。发现恩克斯堡岛海景湾与南湾阿德利企鹅没有显著的遗传分化, 南湾阿德利企鹅不是独特的小种群; 海景湾高海拔区域个体与低海拔区域个体之间也没有显著的遗传差异, 推测该区域阿德利企鹅繁殖群体的分布格局与冰川堆积形成的阶地不具有显著相关性。本工作为恩克斯堡岛保护区和罗斯海新站建设提供了重要科技支撑。

关键词: 恩克斯堡岛, 阿德利企鹅, 遗传结构, 南极特别保护区, SNPs

Abstract

China has proposed to establish an Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) to protect the Adélie penguin, Pygoscelis adeliae, colonies on Inexpressible Island. However, the boundary of the proposed ASPA is disputed mainly by whether the South Bay population is a distinct genetic population in need of protection. We collected samples of Adélie penguins from the South Bay and neighboring Seaview Bay on Inexpressible Island and identified SNPs via Illumina sequencing for population structure analysis. Our results indicated that there was no significant genetic difference between the South Bay colonies and the Seaview Bay colonies, or between the higher and lower elevational colonies in the Seaview Bay. Thus, the breeding populations of Adélie penguin on the island could be recognized as a single conservation unit. The currently proposed boundary of the ASPA, which covers the majority of breeding populations in Seaview Bay, would be sufficient to protect the genetic diversity of Adélie penguins in Inexpressible Island.

Key words: Inexpressible Island, Pygoscelis adeliae, population structure, Antarctic Specially Protected Area, SNPs

张剑, 董路, 张雁云 (2019) 基于基因组SNPs的南极恩克斯堡岛阿德利企鹅繁殖种群的遗传结构. 生物多样性, 27, 1291-1297. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019255.

Jian Zhang, Lu Dong, Yanyun Zhang (2019) Population genetic structure of Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) from Inexpressible Island, Antarctica, using SNP markers. Biodiversity Science, 27, 1291-1297. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019255.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2019255

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2019/V27/I12/1291

图/表 4

图1 阿德利企鹅采样区地图。A: 南极地图, 红框示恩克斯堡岛的位置; B: 恩克斯堡岛地图, 红框示拟建保护区的位置; C: 采样区域, 蓝色和红色圆圈分别为海景湾高海拔和低海拔采样区, 绿色圆圈为南湾采样区。

Fig. 1 Sampling sites of Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) in Inexpressible Island. (A) Map of Antarctic (Red rectangle: Inexpressible Island). (B) Map of Inexpressible Island (Red rectangle: the proposed Antarctic Specially Protected Area). (C) Sampling areas in Inexpressible Island. Blue circle, high altitude area in Seaview Bay; red circle, low altitude area in Seaview Bay; green circle, South Bay.

图2 基于110,451个SNPs利用最大似然法构建的恩克斯堡岛阿德利企鹅的种群遗传结构。(a)交叉验证错误率分布; (b) K = 2; (c) K = 3。图中每一竖条为1个个体, 用颜色表示每个个体基因组中不同祖先所占的比例。

Fig. 2 Based on 110,451 SNPs, the population genetic structure of Adélie penguins was constructed by maximum likelihood method. (a) Distribution of cross-validation errors; (b) K = 2 and (c) K = 3, each vertical bar represents an individual, and the colours show the proportion of ancestry assigned to each of the clusters.

图3 基于62只阿德利企鹅110,451个SNPs的主成分分析

Fig. 3 PCA analysis based on 62 Adélie penguins using 110,451 SNPs

图4 阿德利企鹅个体间遗传距离与地理距离的Mantel检验

Fig.4 Mantel test between genetic distance and geographic distance among Adélie penguins

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