基于PAE编码系统的半放养阿拉伯狒狒的行为多样性

doi:10.17520/biods.2017099

生物多样性 ›› 2017, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (9): 1008-1018. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017099

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

基于PAE编码系统的半放养阿拉伯狒狒的行为多样性

宁致远^1,², 董贵信³, 唐虹⁴, 蓝道英^1,^*, 胡慧建^1,^*

1 广东省生物资源应用研究所, 广东省动物保护与资源利用重点实验室, 广东省野生动物保护与利用公共实验室, 广州 510260
2 中国科学院华南植物园, 广东省应用植物学重点实验室, 广州 510650
3 广州长隆野生动物世界, 广州 511430
4 广东省珠海淇澳-担杆岛省级自然保护区, 广东珠海 519000

收稿日期:2017-03-27 接受日期:2017-06-15 出版日期:2017-09-20 发布日期:2017-10-04
通讯作者: 蓝道英,胡慧建
作者简介:# 共同第一作者 Co-first authors
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31572257)、广东省自然科学基金(2015A030313870)和广东省科学院科技发展专项(2017GDASCX-0107)

Behavioral diversity of semi-captive hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas) on the basis of the PAE coding system

Zhiyuan Ning^1,², Guixin Dong³, Hong Tang⁴, Daoying Lan^1,^*, Huijian Hu^1,^*

1 Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou 510260
2 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650
3 Guangzhou Chimelong Safari Park, Guangzhou 511430
4 Guangdong Zhuhai Qi’ao-Dan’gan Island Provincial Nature Reserve, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000

Received:2017-03-27 Accepted:2017-06-15 Online:2017-09-20 Published:2017-10-04
Contact: Lan Daoying,Hu Huijian

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

动物行为多样性作为生物多样性的重要组成部分, 与珍稀动物的迁地保护以及行为管理密切相关。2015年12月至2016年8月, 我们在广州长隆野生动物世界园区内的狒狒岛, 利用焦点取样法和瞬时扫描取样法, 观察并记录了半放养条件下阿拉伯狒狒(Papio hamadryas)行为的发生过程、内容和环境。基于以“姿势-动作-环境”(posture-act-environment, PAE)为轴心、以行为生态功能为依据的PAE编码系统, 对该环境下阿拉伯狒狒的行为进行分类和系统编码, 构建并利用PAE行为谱表征其行为多样性。结果如下: (1)研究中分辨并记录到阿拉伯狒狒的18种姿势, 120种动作, 208种行为; (2)记录到的行为可分别归入摄食、排遗、调温、配对、交配、育幼、亲密、高序位、威胁、攻击、屈服、通讯、聚群、休息、运动、玩耍、讨食和杂类18个类别中; (3)编制基于PAE编码系统的人工饲养阿拉伯狒狒行为谱, 描述了各种行为的相对发生频次与性别、年龄的关系; (4)在前人工作的基础上为非人灵长类PAE行为编码系统丰富了两类行为(玩耍行为和讨食行为), 描述了半放养环境下阿拉伯狒狒这两类行为的特点, 并探讨了其生态功能和适应意义; (5)基于PAE行为谱求得阿拉伯狒狒各年龄-性别组的行为多样性指数。本研究发现, 阿拉伯狒狒各年龄-性别组的行为多样性在总体层面上很接近, 在细分的行为层面上则有着渐进明显的差别。这表明, 利用PAE行为编码分类系统对动物的行为进行归类细分以及编码标准化, 对于行为多样性的研究是有帮助的。

关键词: 阿拉伯狒狒, 行为谱, PAE编码系统, 行为多样性, 半放养

Abstract

Diversity of animal behavior, as an essential part of biodiversity, is closely related to the ex situ conservation and behavior management of rare animals. We recorded the processes, contents, and surrounding habitat, derived from behaviors of semi-captive hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas) living in Guangzhou Chimelong Safari Park between December 2015 and August 2016. Both instantaneous scan sampling and focal animal sampling methods were used. The behavioral data were collected and coded based on the “posture-act-environment” (PAE) coding system which concerns posture, act, environment and the ecological function of behaviors. All observed behaviors of hamadryas baboons were classified and systematically encoded to construct the PAE behavior spectrum, and behavioral diversity was characterized simultaneously. A total of 18 postures, 120 acts and 208 behaviors were distinguished and the relative frequency of each behavior in relation to gender and age was described. Based on the ecological function of behaviors, these recorded behaviors were divided into 18 categories, including forage, eliminate, thermo-regulate, pair, mate, parent, affinitive, superior, threaten, aggression, submission, communicate, aggregate, rest, locomotive, play, beg, and miscellaneous behaviors. This ethogram extends previous behavioral lists and ethograms of non-human primate species constructed by our predecessors. Furthermore, two categories of behavior (play and beg) were enhanced in the non-human primates’ PAE behavior coding system. The characteristics of these two categories of behaviors were described and discussed, and hence, they are proposed to be new adaptive behavior to the captive environment. This research also probed the ecological function and adaptable significance for most behavior categories, separately. Finally, the index of behavioral diversity among different sex-age classes of semi-captive P. hamadryas were calculated on the basis of PAE coding system. Our results suggest that the behavioral diversity among different sex-age classes of semi-captive P. hamadryas were very close to one other at the overall behavioral level, and the more subdivided the behavioral segmentation was, the more obvious the displayed differences. It also proves that the utilization of the PAE coding system to classify, subdivide, and standardize the behavior of animals will improve the study of behavioral diversity.

Key words: Papio hamadryas, ethogram, PAE coding system, behavioral diversity, semi-captivity

宁致远, 董贵信, 唐虹, 蓝道英, 胡慧建 (2017) 基于PAE编码系统的半放养阿拉伯狒狒的行为多样性. 生物多样性, 25, 1008-1018. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017099.

Zhiyuan Ning, Guixin Dong, Hong Tang, Daoying Lan, Huijian Hu (2017) Behavioral diversity of semi-captive hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas) on the basis of the PAE coding system. Biodiversity Science, 25, 1008-1018. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017099.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2017099

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2017/V25/I9/1008

图/表 4

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姿势 Posture	编码 Code	姿势 Posture	编码 Code
站 Standing	1	跑 Running	10
立 Rearing	2	跳 Jumping	11
坐 Sitting	3	攀爬 Climbing	12
蹲 Squatting	4	靠 Leaning on	13
趴 Groveling	5	爬跨 Mounting	14
躺 Lying	6	抱 Cradling	15
蜷缩 Crouching	7	携挂 Carrying below the abdomen	16
悬挂 Hanging	8	背负 Carrying on the back	17
行 Moving	9	哺 Nipple holding	18

姿势 Posture	编码 Code	姿势 Posture	编码 Code
站 Standing	1	跑 Running	10
立 Rearing	2	跳 Jumping	11
坐 Sitting	3	攀爬 Climbing	12
蹲 Squatting	4	靠 Leaning on	13
趴 Groveling	5	爬跨 Mounting	14
躺 Lying	6	抱 Cradling	15
蜷缩 Crouching	7	携挂 Carrying below the abdomen	16
悬挂 Hanging	8	背负 Carrying on the back	17
行 Moving	9	哺 Nipple holding	18

动作 Action	编码 Code	动作 Action	编码 Code
头颈部 Head and neck		挖 Dig	59
摆头 Swing	1	拔 Pluck	60
点头 Nod	2	掀 Uncover	61
前伸 Extend forward	3	摘 Pick	62
左转 Turn left	4	剥 Strip	63
右转 Turn right	5	掰 Break off with hand	64
抬头 Raise head	6	拉 Haul	65
低头 Bow head	7	拽 Drag	66
歪头 Wry neck	8	捋 Stroke	67
头顶 Butt	9	揪 Pull	68
嘴部 Mouth		捏 Pinch	69
啃 Gnaw	10	推 Push	70
嚼 Chew	11	举 Lift	71
舔 Lick	12	摇 Shake	72
咬 Bite	13	抱 Embrace	73
吻 Kiss	14	搓 Rub	74
衔 Hold in mouth	15	拍 Slapping	75
吐 Vomit	16	敲 Knock	76
缩唇 Lip shrink	17	甩 Throw	77
张嘴 Open mouth	18	触碰 Touch with finger	78
咂嘴 Lip flipper	19	四肢站立 Standing	79
露齿 Showing teeth	20	三肢站立 Three-legs standing	80
碟牙 Teeth chattering	21	后肢站立 Hind-legs standing	81
伸舌 Tongue out	22	前迈 Step forward	82
吞咽 Swallow	23	后退 Step backward	83
闭嘴 Close mouth	24	侧迈步 Step diagonally	84
吮吸 Suck	25	跑 Running	85
呵欠 Yawn	26	跳 Jumping	86
喷嚏 Sneeze	27	踢 Kick	87
打嗝 Burp	28	踩 Step on	88
咳嗽 Cough	29	翘腿 Leg raised	89
鸣叫 Bleat	30	攀爬 Climbing	90
哀鸣 Whine	31	单前肢击地 One foreleg hits	91
尖叫 Scream	32	前肢击地 Forelegs hit	92
吠叫 Bark	33	单前肢弯曲 One foreleg bends	93
嚎叫 Howl	34	前肢弯曲 Forelegs bent	94
吼叫 Roar	35	单前肢伸直 One foreleg straightens	95
低吼 Growl	36	前肢伸直 Forelegs straighten	96
眼耳鼻 Eye, ear and nose		单后肢弯曲 One hind-leg bends	97
闭眼 Close eyes	37	后肢弯曲 Hind-legs bend	98
眨眼 Blink	38	单后肢伸直 One hind-leg straightens	99
瞪眼 Stare	39	后肢伸直 Hind-legs straighten	100
注视 Watch	40	腰荐腹部 Hindquarter
瞥视 Glance	41	抖 Shiver	101
眺望 Overlook	42	平腰 Plane	102
展耳 Unfurl ears	43	伸腰 Stretch	103
耳后伏 Ears laid back	44	弯腰 Bend	104
呼气 Exhale	45	塌腰 Cave	105
吸气 Inhale	46	左转身 Turn left	106
嗅 Sniff	47	右转身 Turn right	107
触 Touch with muzzle	48	翘尾 Tail raised	108
面部 Face		上卷尾 Tail up-arched	109
皱眉 Frown	49	下卷尾 Tail down-arched	110
抬眉 Brow lift	50	抬尾 Tail shake	111
颊囊填充 Fill in the cheek pouch	51	垂尾 Tail down	112
四肢 Limbs		排粪 Defecate	113
按 Press	52	排尿 Urinate	114
握 Hold	53	爬跨 Mount	115
揽 Pull into arms	54	勃起 Erect	116
扶 Lean on	55	插入 Insert	117
抓 Grasp	56	抽动 Vellicate	118
理毛 Groom	57	射精 Ejaculate	119
挠 Scratch	58	退下 Withdraw	120

动作 Action	编码 Code	动作 Action	编码 Code
头颈部 Head and neck		挖 Dig	59
摆头 Swing	1	拔 Pluck	60
点头 Nod	2	掀 Uncover	61
前伸 Extend forward	3	摘 Pick	62
左转 Turn left	4	剥 Strip	63
右转 Turn right	5	掰 Break off with hand	64
抬头 Raise head	6	拉 Haul	65
低头 Bow head	7	拽 Drag	66
歪头 Wry neck	8	捋 Stroke	67
头顶 Butt	9	揪 Pull	68
嘴部 Mouth		捏 Pinch	69
啃 Gnaw	10	推 Push	70
嚼 Chew	11	举 Lift	71
舔 Lick	12	摇 Shake	72
咬 Bite	13	抱 Embrace	73
吻 Kiss	14	搓 Rub	74
衔 Hold in mouth	15	拍 Slapping	75
吐 Vomit	16	敲 Knock	76
缩唇 Lip shrink	17	甩 Throw	77
张嘴 Open mouth	18	触碰 Touch with finger	78
咂嘴 Lip flipper	19	四肢站立 Standing	79
露齿 Showing teeth	20	三肢站立 Three-legs standing	80
碟牙 Teeth chattering	21	后肢站立 Hind-legs standing	81
伸舌 Tongue out	22	前迈 Step forward	82
吞咽 Swallow	23	后退 Step backward	83
闭嘴 Close mouth	24	侧迈步 Step diagonally	84
吮吸 Suck	25	跑 Running	85
呵欠 Yawn	26	跳 Jumping	86
喷嚏 Sneeze	27	踢 Kick	87
打嗝 Burp	28	踩 Step on	88
咳嗽 Cough	29	翘腿 Leg raised	89
鸣叫 Bleat	30	攀爬 Climbing	90
哀鸣 Whine	31	单前肢击地 One foreleg hits	91
尖叫 Scream	32	前肢击地 Forelegs hit	92
吠叫 Bark	33	单前肢弯曲 One foreleg bends	93
嚎叫 Howl	34	前肢弯曲 Forelegs bent	94
吼叫 Roar	35	单前肢伸直 One foreleg straightens	95
低吼 Growl	36	前肢伸直 Forelegs straighten	96
眼耳鼻 Eye, ear and nose		单后肢弯曲 One hind-leg bends	97
闭眼 Close eyes	37	后肢弯曲 Hind-legs bend	98
眨眼 Blink	38	单后肢伸直 One hind-leg straightens	99
瞪眼 Stare	39	后肢伸直 Hind-legs straighten	100
注视 Watch	40	腰荐腹部 Hindquarter
瞥视 Glance	41	抖 Shiver	101
眺望 Overlook	42	平腰 Plane	102
展耳 Unfurl ears	43	伸腰 Stretch	103
耳后伏 Ears laid back	44	弯腰 Bend	104
呼气 Exhale	45	塌腰 Cave	105
吸气 Inhale	46	左转身 Turn left	106
嗅 Sniff	47	右转身 Turn right	107
触 Touch with muzzle	48	翘尾 Tail raised	108
面部 Face		上卷尾 Tail up-arched	109
皱眉 Frown	49	下卷尾 Tail down-arched	110
抬眉 Brow lift	50	抬尾 Tail shake	111
颊囊填充 Fill in the cheek pouch	51	垂尾 Tail down	112
四肢 Limbs		排粪 Defecate	113
按 Press	52	排尿 Urinate	114
握 Hold	53	爬跨 Mount	115
揽 Pull into arms	54	勃起 Erect	116
扶 Lean on	55	插入 Insert	117
抓 Grasp	56	抽动 Vellicate	118
理毛 Groom	57	射精 Ejaculate	119
挠 Scratch	58	退下 Withdraw	120

环境 Environment	生物环境 Biotic (E1)	非生物环境 Abiotic (E2)	编码 Code
乔木 Arbor	√		1
灌丛 Shrub	√		2
崖壁 Cliff		√	3
岩坡 Rock slope		√	4
岩石 Stone		√	5
裸地 Bare ground		√	6
沙地 Sandlot		√	7
水源 Water		√	8
木桥 Wooden bridge		√	9
阳面 Solar slope		√	10
阴面 Lunar slope		√	11
半阳面 Semi-solar slope		√	12
人造丰容物 Man-made object for enrichment		√	13
雄性 Male	√		14
雌性 Female	√		15
婴幼猴 Infant	√		16
青少年猴 Juvenile	√		17
亚成体猴 Subadult	√		18
雌猴与婴幼猴 Female and infant	√		19
家庭群 One male unit	√		20
混合群 Mixed group	√		21
聚合群 Large semi-cohesive band	√		22
单一个体 Single	√		23

基于PAE编码系统的半放养阿拉伯狒狒的行为多样性

Behavioral diversity of semi-captive hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas) on the basis of the PAE coding system

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年龄-性别组 Sex-age classes	总体 Total		刚性行为 Behaviors of inelasticity		弹性行为 Behaviors of elasticity		玩耍行为 Playing behavior		讨食行为 Begging behavior
年龄-性别组 Sex-age classes	H_总	r_总	H_刚	r_刚	H_弹	r_弹	H_玩	r_玩	H_讨	r_讨
成年雄性 Adult male	3.8489	0.9230	1.5189	0.6542	2.3300	0.6297	1	1	0.9785	0.9785
成年雌性 Adult female	3.8953	0.9341	1.4554	0.6268	2.4399	0.6594	1.0612	0.6695	2.9437	0.9812
亚成年 Subadult	3.7118	0.8901	1.6922	0.7288	2.0196	0.5458	2.2028	0.7846	0.8453	0.8453
青少年 Juvenile	3.5498	0.8685	1.6552	0.7129	1.8946	0.5285	3.1518	0.8282	2.1793	0.9386
婴幼猴 Infant	3.3094	0.8943	1.5260	0.6572	1.7834	0.5945	2.9691	0.8067	-	-

[1]	宋芬, 周芸芸, 黄太福, 杨存存, 于桂清, 田书荣, 向左甫. 基于红外相机技术的林麝行为PAE编码与多样性[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(6): 24042-.
[2]	刘怀君, 吕旭, 王晓芳, 寇卫利, 缪国辉, 袁华. 中华鬣羚行为谱及PAE编码系统的建立[J]. 生物多样性, 2021, 29(12): 1650-1657.
[3]	蒋志刚, 李春旺, 彭建军, 胡慧建. 行为的结构、刚性和多样性[J]. 生物多样性, 2001, 09(3): 265-274.