生物多样性 ›› 2000, Vol. 08 ›› Issue (1): 36-40.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2000005

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

从知识创新展望21世纪生物多样性科学

胡志昂   

  1. (中国科学院植物研究所,  北京 100093)
  • 出版日期:2000-02-20 发布日期:2000-02-20

Creative prospect on biodiversity science in the 21 Century

HU Zhi-Ang   

  1. Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100093
  • Online:2000-02-20 Published:2000-02-20

摘要:

首先简要介绍汤佩松(1983)创新植物学,随后根据其创新思想分析了生物多样性三个层次研究的现状和问题。提出了一个根据DNA 序列变异尺度为标准的新的遗传多样性等级制度。为了避免物种和其他分类群的随意性, 建议以DNA 序列变异作为可操作的分类单元(OTU)和国际上进化上显著单元(ESU)相呼应。下一世纪的分子系统学和分子生态学可能重点研究DNA 变异, 特别是重复序列的变化对生物生命活动的调控, 在分子水平上揭示结构和功能的进化和适应。第三部分讨论Diversitas五个核心课题, 说明分子水平研究和生物技术对生物多样性保护和持续利用的重要性和迫切性。最后评论了" 天人合一" 为代表的反科学主义思潮, 坚持科学进步。

AbstractAfter a brief introduction of Creative Botany invented by famous phyisologist P. S. Tang in 1983 , recent situations and problems in biodiversity reseach were analysed according to his creative thinking. A new hierarchy of genetic diversity was suggested based on variation scales involved in DNA diversity. In corresponding to ESU ( Evolutionaryly Significant Unit) , an OTU (Operational Taxonomic Unit) measured by DNA variation may be used to replace categories of taxa since its subjectivity. Next century , molecular systematics and ecology will probably pay attention to the question about DNA variation , especially the changes in repeat sequences how to control living activities of organisms and uncover relationships between structure and function in molecular levels in the course of evolution and adaptation. The third part of present paper discussed five core programms of the Diversitas , which indicated researches at molecular level are urgently needed and biotechnology will play an important role in conservation and sustainable uses of biological diversity. Finally some related philosophical viewpoints were discussed.