新疆郁金香营养生长、个体大小和开花次序对繁殖分配的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.09064

生物多样性 ›› 2012, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (3): 391-399. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.09064

所属专题：传粉生物学：理论探讨与初步实践；传粉生物学

新疆郁金香营养生长、个体大小和开花次序对繁殖分配的影响

艾沙江·阿不都沙拉木, 谭敦炎^*(), 吾买尔夏提·塔汉

新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院, 新疆草地资源与生态重点实验室及西部干旱荒漠区草地资源与生态教育部重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2012-02-27 接受日期:2012-04-20 出版日期:2012-05-20 发布日期:2012-05-09
通讯作者: 谭敦炎
作者简介:*E-mail: tandunyan@163.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区高技术研究发展计划(200810102);国家自然科学基金(31060047);国家国际合作项目(ISTCP);国家国际合作项目(2011DFA31070)

Effects of vegetative growth, plant size and flowering order on sexual reproduction allocation of Tulipa sinkiangensis

Aysajan Abdusalam, Dunyan Tan^*(), Omarxat Tahan

Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Western Arid Region Grassland Resource and Ecology, College of Grassland and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urümqi 830052

Received:2012-02-27 Accepted:2012-04-20 Online:2012-05-20 Published:2012-05-09
Contact: Dunyan Tan

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物有性繁殖与资源分配的关系研究对于揭示植物生活史特征及繁育系统进化具有重要意义。新疆郁金香 (Tulipa sinkiangensis)是新疆天山北坡荒漠带特有的一种多年生早春短命植物。在自然生境中, 该物种仅以有性繁殖产生后代, 每株能产生1-8朵花, 且不同植株上的花数及果实数以及花序不同位置上的花与果实大小明显不同。本文通过对新疆郁金香有性繁殖与营养生长及植株大小的关系以及花序中不同位置花及果实间的资源分配研究, 旨在揭示营养生长、个体大小及开花次序对其繁殖分配的影响。结果表明: 在开花和果实成熟阶段, 新疆郁金香植株分配给营养器官(鳞茎和地上营养器官)与繁殖器官的资源间均存在极显著的负相关关系(P<0.01), 说明其植株的营养生长与生殖生长间存在权衡关系。多花是新疆郁金香的一个稳定性状, 其植株上花数目、花生物量、果实生物量和种子数量与植株生物量间均呈极显著的正相关关系(P<0.01), 说明新疆郁金香植株的繁殖分配存在大小依赖性。在具2-5朵花的新疆郁金香植株中, 花序内各花的生物量、花粉数和胚珠数、结实率、果实生物量、结籽数、结籽率及种子百粒重按其开花顺序依次递减, 说明花序内各花和果实的资源分配符合资源竞争假说。植株通过减少晚发育的花或果实获得的资源来保障早发育的花或果实获得较多的资源, 从而达到繁殖成功。

关键词: Tulipa sinkiangensis, 有性繁殖, 资源分配, 植株大小, 资源竞争

Abstract

The relationship between sexual reproduction and resource allocation plays an important role in plant life history and in the evolution of breeding systems. Tulipa sinkiangensis is an early spring perennial ephemeral species endemic to the desert zone of the northern piedmont of the Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, China. This species produces offspring only by sexual reproduction, and produces 1-8 flowers per individual in natural populations. The relationships between sexual reproduction allocation and vegetative growth and plant size, respectively, and resource allocation among flowers and fruits at different positions within the inflorescence were studied in T. sinkiangensis. Our aims were to explore the effect of vegetative growth, plant size and flowering order on sexual reproduction allocation in this species. There was a negative correlation between the resources that plants allocate to both vegetative organs (bulb and aboveground vegetative organs) and sexual reproductive organs at flowering stage and fruit maturation stage (P<0.01), suggesting that resource allocation between vegetative growth and sexual reproduction is a trade-off. Production of multiple flowers is a stable character in this species―the total number and biomass of flowers, total fruit biomass, and total number of seeds per individual were positively correlated with plant biomass (P<0.01), indicating that sexual reproduction allocation is size-dependent. In individuals with 2-5 flowers, the biomass of flowers, pollen and ovule production, fruit-set, fruit biomass, seed number, seed-set, and 100-seed weight declined successively with flowering order within the inflorescence, indicating that resource competition for floral allocation was significant and that resource limitation for each flower or fruit is related to flowering order. Plants ensure their reproductive success by reducing resource allocation to late flowers or fruits and increasing the resource allocation to early flowers or fruits in this species.

Key words: Tulipa sinkiangensis, sexual reproduction, resource allocation, plant size, resources competition

艾沙江·阿不都沙拉木, 谭敦炎, 吾买尔夏提·塔汉 (2012) 新疆郁金香营养生长、个体大小和开花次序对繁殖分配的影响. 生物多样性, 20, 391-399. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.09064.

Aysajan Abdusalam, Dunyan Tan, Omarxat Tahan (2012) Effects of vegetative growth, plant size and flowering order on sexual reproduction allocation of Tulipa sinkiangensis. Biodiversity Science, 20, 391-399. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.09064.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.09064

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2012/V20/I3/391

图/表 6

图1 新疆郁金香植株花/果期营养器官与繁殖器官的生物量(平均值±标准误)

Fig. 1 The biomass of vegetative organ and reproductive organ at flowering and fruit maturing stage in Tulipa sinkiangensis individual (Mean ±SE)

表1 自然居群中新疆郁金香不同花数的植株所占比例

Table 1 The percentage of individuals with different flower number in natural population of Tulipa sinkiangensis

年份 Year	植株总数 Total individuals	具1朵花 With one flower (%)	具2朵花 With two flowers (%)	具3朵花 With three flowers (%)	具4朵花 With four flowers (%)	具5朵花 With five flowers (%)	具6朵花 With six flowers (%)	具7朵花 With seven flowers (%)	具8朵花 With eight flowers (%)
2008	1,594	56.27	38.77	3.01	1.13	0.38	0.25	0.19	0
2009	1,774	40.49	38.61	7.33	2.82	1.41	0.51	0.23	0.06
2011	1,808	60.06	36.28	1.88	0.94	0.55	0.28	0	0

图2 新疆郁金香植株的花数目和花生物量与植株生物量的关系。**P<0.01。

Fig. 2 The relationship between total flower number, flower biomass and plant biomass in Tulipa sinkiangensis individuals. **P<0.01.

图3 新疆郁金香植株的果实生物量和结籽数与植株大小的关系。**P<0.01。

Fig. 3 The relationship between total fruit biomass, seed number and plant size in Tulipa sinkiangensis individuals. **P<0.01.

图4 新疆郁金香具2-5朵花的植株花序内不同位置花的资源分配。X轴中的2、3、4和5分别代表具相应数量花的植株。不同的字母表示花序内不同位置花间的差异显著(P<0.05)。

Fig. 4 The resource allocation of flower at different positions within the inflorescence in Tulipa sinkiangensis individual with 2-5 flowers. Numbers of 2, 3, 4 and 5 in X axis represent individuals with two, three, four and five flowers respectively. Different letters show a significant difference (P < 0.05) among flowers at different positions of individuals.

图5 新疆郁金香具2-5朵花的植株不同位置果实的资源分配。X轴中的2、3、4和5分别代表具相应数量花数的植株。不同的字母表示花序内不同位置果实间的差异显著(P<0.05)。

Fig. 5 The resource allocation of fruit at different positions within the inflorescence in T. sinkiangensis individual with 2-5 flowers. Numbers of 2, 3, 4 and 5 in X axis represent individual with two, three, four and five fruits respectively. Different letters show a significant difference (P < 0.05) among flowers at different positions of individuals.

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新疆郁金香营养生长、个体大小和开花次序对繁殖分配的影响

Effects of vegetative growth, plant size and flowering order on sexual reproduction allocation of Tulipa sinkiangensis

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