中国两栖爬行动物多样性监测进展与展望

doi:10.17520/biods.2023382

生物多样性 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (12): 23382. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023382

• Sino BON成立十周年纪念专题 • 上一篇下一篇

中国两栖爬行动物多样性监测进展与展望

李成¹(), 江建平¹^,^*()(), 谢锋¹(), 赵天¹(), 车静²(), 李义明³(), 杜卫国³(), 杨维康⁴, 徐峰⁴()

1.中国科学院成都生物研究所, 成都 610041
2.中国科学院昆明动物研究所, 昆明 650223
3.中国科学院动物研究所, 北京 100101
4.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 乌鲁木齐 830011

收稿日期:2023-10-13 接受日期:2023-12-25 出版日期:2023-12-20 发布日期:2024-01-05
通讯作者: *E-mail: jiangjp@cib.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国生物多样性监测与研究网络项目(Sino BON);国家自然科学基金(32370482)

Progress and prospect of Chinese biodiversity monitoring of amphibians and reptiles

Li Cheng¹(), Jiang Jianping¹^,^*()(), Xie Feng¹(), Zhao Tian¹(), Che Jing²(), Li Yiming³(), Du Weiguo³(), Yang Weikang⁴, Xu Feng⁴()

1 Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041
2 Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223
3 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
4 Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011

Received:2023-10-13 Accepted:2023-12-25 Online:2023-12-20 Published:2024-01-05
Contact: *E-mail: jiangjp@cib.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

两栖爬行动物是良好的环境指示类群, 容易受到环境变化的影响, 目前正经历着全球范围的种群快速下降和物种灭绝。最新的《中国脊椎动物红色名录》评估发现, 37.05%的两栖动物和30.5%的爬行动物受到威胁。开展国家级科学监测, 研究和分析两栖爬行动物多样性变迁及其驱动因素是保护的前提。作为中国生物多样性监测与研究网络的重要组成部分, 两栖爬行动物监测与研究专项网通过对11个典型样区中两栖爬行动物的组成、种群动态和结构进行长期监测和研究, 将野外数据与生态模型相结合, 探讨两栖爬行动物的种群现状、群落结构及其动态, 以及针对我国两栖爬行动物应对未来环境变化提出及时有效的保护管理对策。在两栖爬行动物多样性研究、极危两栖动物中国大鲵(Andrias davidianus)和濒危两栖动物大凉螈(Liangshantriton taliangensis)的保护、环境DNA (eDNA)技术和无线电追踪技术开拓与应用、荒漠化生境对爬行动物的生态影响、外来入侵种的扩展机制等方面取得了重要进展, 明显提升了中国两栖爬行动物监测能力和研究水平。未来尚需持续加大监测网络建设, 普及先进监测技术, 从法律法规层面强调两栖爬行动物的保护, 建设和优化保护区, 实施必要的迁地保育和就地保育, 实现更多有效保护珍稀两栖爬行动物资源的目的。

关键词: 两栖爬行动物, 监测与研究, Sino BON

Abstract

Background & Aims: Amphibians and reptiles are important indicators of ecosystem health, and they are vulnerable to changes in the environment. Many of their populations are undergoing rapid decline and species extinction in the worldwide. A recent assessment of Red List of China’s Vertebrates found that 37.05% of amphibians and 30.5% of reptiles are threatened. Therefore, building a national biodiversity monitoring network, to research and analyze the trend and threats of amphibians and reptiles is a prerequisite for conservation. As part of the Chinese Biodiversity Monitoring and Research Network (Sino BON), the Sino BON-Amphibian & Reptile has covered 11 key areas with rich biodiversity and high habitat heterogeneity across China. This program aims to combine intensive field surveys and ecological modeling techniques to evaluate population dynamics and community structures of amphibian and reptile species in the study areas.

Review Results: Currently, the Sino BON-Amphibian & Reptile adheres to focusing on the research of amphibian and reptile diversity. A total of 16 species were newly discovered in China, including 13 new species and 3 national new record species. Significant progress has been made in the national need for the protection of Critically Endangered amphibian (CR) Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus) and Endangered (EN) amphibian Taliang crocodile newt (Liangshantriton taliangensis), the environmental DNA (eDNA) technology and radio tracking technology applied in wild, the ecological impact of desertification habitats on reptiles, and invasive alien species, which have provided strong scientific support for protecting biodiversity of amphibians and reptiles in China.

Prospects: For further progresses, it is still necessary to continuously enhance monitoring and research on amphibians and reptiles, strengthen monitoring network construction and application of advanced technologies, emphasize the protection of amphibians and reptiles from the level of laws and regulations, establish and optimize the protected areas, and implement the necessary ex situ and in situ conservation, so as to achieve more effective protection of rare amphibian and reptile resources.

Key words: amphibians and reptiles, monitoring and research, Sino BON

李成, 江建平, 谢锋, 赵天, 车静, 李义明, 杜卫国, 杨维康, 徐峰 (2023) 中国两栖爬行动物多样性监测进展与展望. 生物多样性, 31, 23382. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023382.

Li Cheng, Jiang Jianping, Xie Feng, Zhao Tian, Che Jing, Li Yiming, Du Weiguo, Yang Weikang, Xu Feng (2023) Progress and prospect of Chinese biodiversity monitoring of amphibians and reptiles. Biodiversity Science, 31, 23382. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023382.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2023382

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2023/V31/I12/23382

图/表 3

图1 中国两栖爬行动物监测与研究专项网样区分布(三角形表示样区的位置)

Fig. 1 Distributions of the sample regions of Sino BON-Amphibian & Reptile (Triangles indicate the location of sample areas)

表1 2017-2022年两栖爬行动物专项网监测结果

Table 1 The species recorded by Sino BON-Amphibian & Reptile during 2017 and 2022

	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
观测样地数量 Number of the sample regions	7	7	7	7	9	11
两栖爬行动物科数 Family number of amphibians and reptiles	13	15	14	18	22	16
两栖爬行动物物种数 Species number of amphibians and reptiles	38	35	45	65	109	106
两栖爬行动物观测个体数 Individuals number of amphibians and reptiles	515	941	1,163	789	2,926	1,844

图2 无线电追踪大凉螈的运动轨迹(肖璐瑶供图)

Fig. 2 The track of Liangshantriton taliangensis by radio tracking technology (Photo provider: Luyao Xiao)

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中国两栖爬行动物多样性监测进展与展望

Progress and prospect of Chinese biodiversity monitoring of amphibians and reptiles

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