物种名录为自然地理区域与行政单元提供了生物多样性的基础资料(马克平, 2015)。福建省地处我国东南沿海(23°33°-28°19° N, 115°50°-120°44° E)。自1869年以来, 国内外学者对福建省两栖、爬行物种名录进行过多次总结与修订。Pope和Schmidt (1931)首次较系统地报道了福建省30种两栖动物; Pope (1935)总结了福建省的72种爬行动物。四川生物所两栖爬行室(1976)报道福建省爬行动物109种; 胡淑琴等(1978)报道福建省两栖动物41种; 丁汉波等(1980)记录两栖动物44种、爬行动物115种。耿宝荣(2002)报道两栖动物46种; 陈友铃等(2009)报道爬行动物123种(含亚种)。除了上述物种名录的报道, 福建省两栖、爬行动物物种信息的整理也见于全国性的志书, 如《中国动物志•爬行纲》(张孟闻等, 1998; 赵尔宓等, 1998, 1999)和《中国动物志•两栖纲》(费梁等, 2006, 2009a, b)。此外, 在《中国生物多样性红色名录•脊椎动物》编研期间, 江建平等(2016)和蔡波等(2016)统计福建省两栖动物共50种、爬行动物共123种。也有研究聚焦于福建境内保护区或市级行政单元两栖、爬行动物物种多样性的评估(如: 郑辑等, 1993; 陈朝阳等, 2004)。这些研究为掌握福建省两栖、爬行动物多样性现状奠定了较好的基础。
及时更新物种名录可以更好地了解区域生物多样性状况, 也是物种红色名录编制和濒危等级评估的重要前提(蒋志刚等, 2015)。随着分类学和分子系统学的发展, 近年来两栖、爬行动物分类体系不断发生变化, 新的分类阶元被陆续报道。王剀等(2020)更新了中国两栖、爬行动物物种名录, 总结了近年来的分类变动; Cai等(2021)更新了中国蜥蜴亚目的物种名录和分布现状; 安徽、湖南和云南等省份也相继报道了省级两栖、爬行动物更新名录(李永民和吴孝兵, 2019; 高志伟等, 2022; 王剀等, 2022; 袁智勇等, 2022)。鉴于福建省近十多年的两栖、爬行动物新增记录和分类变动未得到系统整理与总结, 新的《国家重点保护野生动物名录》发布(
本文基于2019年10月至2020年7月福建全省网格化的野外调查和历史文献资料(截至2021年12月), 整合中国两栖、爬行动物分类学最新研究结果, 重新梳理了两栖、爬行动物分布记录, 更新了物种编目, 以期为福建省两栖、爬行动物多样性研究与保护提供基础资料。
1 材料与方法
1.1 野外调查和物种鉴定
将福建省划分为武夷山山地北段等9个调查单元(郜二虎等, 2017), 结合各调查单元实际情况均匀布设宽度为10 km的正方形样区, 共125个(附录1)。考虑到两栖、爬行动物不同类群活动时间的差异, 本研究在每个样区内布设12条长度为2.5 km的样线, 日间和夜间各调查6条, 每样线由2名专业人员调查1次。样线布设的基本原则是人为干扰少并尽量涉及区域典型生境。于2019年10-12月、2020年4-7月完成调查。日间调查时段为14:30-18:30; 夜间调查时段为19:30至次日0:30。调查期间对搜寻到的两栖、爬行动物进行现场鉴定, 记录物种名称、个体数量等信息。物种鉴定参考《中国动物志•爬行纲》(张孟闻等, 1998; 赵尔宓等, 1998, 1999)、《中国动物志•两栖纲》(费梁等, 2006, 2009a, b)、《中国蛇类》(赵尔宓, 2006)、《中国两栖动物及其分布彩色图鉴》(费梁等, 2012)及相关类群的分类学研究论文(王剀等, 2020; Cai et al, 2021)。
1.2 名录修订
基于2019-2020年的野外调查结果, 本文系统收集截至2021年12月31日发表的福建省两栖、爬行动物分类学研究的论文与专著, 在《福建省两栖动物区系及地理区划》(耿宝荣, 2002)和《福建省爬行动物区系及地理区划》(陈友铃等, 2009)的物种名录(以下称“前期名录”)的基础上进行修订和更新。物种的系统分类和中文名参照中国两栖、爬行动物分类体系的最新总结(王剀等, 2020)。由于王剀等(2020)对截至2019年底的我国两栖、爬行动物高级分类阶元的变更已做了详细解释, 因此本文对2019年前发生的高阶元分类变更仅进行了汇总, 未对具体变更理由再行赘述。本文重点增补前期名录发表之后报道的新物种和省级新记录; 修订已被后续研究指出记录存疑及鉴定有误的记录, 对有分类变动的物种更新其种属关系和名称, 删除没有分布的物种、外来种和无效种。本研究将野外调查获得的标本、照片等作为物种记录的核查证据。标本均存放于中国科学院成都生物研究所两栖爬行动物标本馆。
2 结果
2.1 物种多样性
截至2021年12月, 福建省记录有两栖动物2目9科29属55种(附录2)。其中, 有尾目2科4属7种, 占两栖动物物种总数的12.7%; 无尾目7科25属48种, 占87.3%。从科级水平来看, 物种数较多的依次是蛙科(包含19个物种), 角蟾科(8种), 叉舌蛙科(7种)。爬行动物有2目25科72属126种(附录2)。其中, 龟鳖目5科11属15种, 占爬行动物物种总数的11.9%; 有鳞目蜥蜴亚目5科12属23种, 占18.3%; 蛇亚目15科49属88种, 占69.8%。从科级水平来看, 物种数量较多的依次是游蛇科(包含27个物种), 眼镜蛇科和水游蛇科(各15种), 蝰科和壁虎科(各9种)。
2.2 物种名录修订
2.2.1 分类阶元变动
自前期名录发表以来, 福建省两栖、爬行动物高级分类阶元增补9个新记录科和31个新记录属。其中, 短腿蟾属(Brachytarsophrys)、半叶趾虎属(Hemiphyllodactylus)和树蜥属(Calotes)是分布新记录属, 所有新记录科和其余28个新记录属是原有记录物种的高级分类阶元调整(详见附录2)。两栖动物增补1个新记录科(即叉舌蛙科), 增补张树蛙属(Zhangixalus)等16个新记录属; 爬行动物增补8个新记录科, 即屋蛇科、闪皮蛇科、钝头蛇科、水蛇科、剑蛇科、两头蛇科、斜鳞蛇科和水游蛇科; 增补树栖锦蛇属(Gonyosoma)等15个新记录属。
在种级分类阶元上, 福建省新增或恢复物种11种、省级新记录种10个。基于本研究野外调查结果, 增补1个省级新记录种, 即锯尾蜥虎(Hemidactylus garnotii)。根据历史文献资料及现有标本, 核对和补充前期名录遗漏的1种, 即独山半叶趾虎(Hemiphyllodactylus dushanensis) (表1)。移除前期名录收录的8种, 包括无效种1个、外来种1个、存疑种1个、已知分布区未包含福建省的物种4个及分类地位待定物种1个。此外, 本名录调整了前期名录中64个物种的种属关系或名称(两栖动物28种、爬行动物36种) (附录2)。
表1 2002-2021年福建省新记录、新描述或恢复有效性的物种及其分布点。物种描述时间/恢复有效性时间在2002年及以后的, 属于“新描述物种” “省级新记录种”和“恢复有效性的物种”; 在爬行动物中, 描述时间/恢复有效性时间在2009年之前但未被《福建省爬行动物区系和地理区划》(陈友铃等, 2009)的物种名录收录的, 属于“遗漏物种”。
Table 1
| 类别 Category | 中文名 Chinese name | 学名 Scientific name | 福建省分布地点 Geographic distribution in Fujian | 参考文献 References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 两栖纲 Amphibia | ||||
| 新描述物种 Newly described species | 黄岗臭蛙 | Odorrana huanggangensis | 武夷山区、闽江和九龙江流域 Wuyi Mountain region, Minjiang River basin, and Jiulong River basin | 王秋亚等, 2019; this study |
| 福鼎蝾螈 | Cynops fudingensis | 福鼎市、柘荣县 Fuding City and Zherong County | Wu et al, 2010 | |
| 橙脊瘰螈 | Paramesotriton aurantius | 柘荣县、罗源县、城厢区、寿宁县、福安市 Zherong County, Luoyuan County, Chengxiang District, Shouning County, and Fu’an City | Yuan et al, 2016a; this study | |
| 雨神角蟾 | Boulenophrys ombrophila | 武夷山市 Wuyishan City | Messenger et al, 2019 | |
| 三明角蟾 | Boulenophrys sanmingensis | 将乐县、泰宁县、上杭县 Jiangle County, Taining County, and Shanghang County | Lyu et al, 2021 | |
| 戴云角蟾 | Boulenophrys daiyunensis | 德化县、厦门市 Dehua County and Xiamen City | Lyu et al, 2021 | |
| 武夷林蛙 | Rana wuyiensis | 武夷山市 Wuyishan City | Wu et al, 2021 | |
| 新记录种 Newly recorded species | 潮汕蝾螈 | Cynops orphicus | 德化县、永泰县、大田县 Dehua County, Yongtai County, and Datian County | 费梁等, 2006; this study |
| 秉志肥螈 | Pachytriton granulosus | 尤溪县、德化县 Youxi County and Dehua County | Wu et al, 2013 | |
| 天目臭蛙 | Odorrana tianmuii | 浦城县 Pucheng County | 王秋亚等, 2019 | |
| 东方短腿蟾 | Brachytarsophrys orientalis | 上杭县、南靖县 Shanghang County and Nanjing County | Li et al, 2020 | |
| 潮州湍蛙 | Amolops teochew | 南靖县、上杭县、永定县、诏安县、同安区、梅花山国家级自然保护区 Nanjing County, Shanghang County, Yongding County, Zhao’an County, Tong’an district, and Meihuashan National Nature Reserve | Zeng et al, 2021; this study | |
| 粤琴蛙 | Nidirana guangdongensis | 德化县、上杭县、连城县、新罗区、诏安县、南靖县 Dehua County, Shanghang County, Liancheng County, Xinluo District, Zhao’an County, and Nanjing County | 黄雅琼等, 2021; this study | |
| 丽水树蛙 | Rhacophorus lishuiensis | 武夷山市 Wuyishan City | 陈豆豆, 2019( 陈豆豆 (2019) 福建武夷山国家级自然保护区两栖爬行动物多样性及垂直分布研究. 硕士学位论文, 厦门大学, 福建厦门.) | |
| 爬行纲 Reptilia | ||||
| 新描述物种 Newly described species | 德化脊蛇 | Achalinus dehuaensis | 德化县、尤溪县 Dehua County and Youxi County | Li et al, 2021 |
| 新记录种 Newly recorded species | 角原矛头蝮 | Protobothrops cornutus | 福清市 Fuqing City | 彭丽芳等, 2021 |
| 变色树蜥 | Calotes irawadi | 龙海市 Longhai City | This study | |
| 梅氏壁虎 | Gekko melli | 武夷山市、云霄县、漳浦县、连城县、新罗区、漳平市、 永定区、将乐县、沙县、梅列区、同安区、翔安区、南 安市、永安市、延平区、古田县、大田县 Wuyishan City, Yunxiao County, Zhangpu County, Liancheng County, Xinluo District, Zhangping City, Yongding District, Jiangle County, Sha County, Meilie District, Tong’an District, Xiang’an District, Nan’an City, Yong’an City, Yanping District, Gutian County, and Datian County | Cai et al, 2021; this study | |
| 锯尾蜥虎 | Hemidactylus garnotii | 漳浦县、长泰县 Zhangpu County and Changtai County | This study | |
| 恢复有效性的物种 Newly resurrected species | 福清白环蛇 | Lycodon futsingensis | 福清市、延平区、尤溪县、政和县、顺昌县、梅列区、 永安市、晋安区 Fuqing City, Yanping District, Youxi County, Zhenghe County, Shunchang County, Meilie District, Yong’an City, and Jin’an District | Guo et al, 2013; this study |
| 台湾烙铁头蛇 | Ovophis makazayazaya | 武夷山市、邵武市、建阳市、德化县、永春县、安溪县、梅花山国家级自然保护区、漳平市 Wuyishan City, Shaowu City, Jianyang City, Dehua County, Yongchun County, Anxi County, Meihuashan National Nature Reserve, and Zhangping City | 郑辑等, 1993; 陈朝阳等, 2004; this study | |
| 遗漏物种 Previously neglected records | 独山半叶趾虎 | Hemiphyllodactylus dushanensis | 梅花山国家级自然保护区、上杭县、连城县、德化县 Meihuashan National Nature Reserve, Shanghang County, Liancheng County, and Dehua County | 郑辑等, 1993; this study |
2.2.2 模式产地在福建的物种与特有种
在本名录中, 共计24种两栖动物和18种爬行动物的模式标本产地位于福建省, 如: 挂墩角蟾(Boulenophrys kuatunensis)和黄岗臭蛙(Odorrana huanggangensis)等(附录2)。福鼎蝾螈(Cynops fudingensis)、小腺蛙(Glandirana minima)、戴云角蟾(Boulenophrys daiyunensis)、武夷林蛙(Rana wuyiensis)、德化脊蛇(Achalinus dehuaensis)和崇安石龙子(Plestiodon popei)等6种为福建省特有种。
2.3 受胁状况与保护等级
根据《中国生物多样性红色名录•脊椎动物(第四卷): 两栖动物》(江建平等, 2021)和《中国生物多样性红色名录•脊椎动物(第三卷): 爬行动物》(王跃招等, 2021)的评估结果, 福建省两栖、爬行动物有13种被列为极危, 16种为濒危, 22种为易危, 24种为近危, 92种为无危, 数据缺乏6种, 未评估8种。共计63个物种处于受胁状态(附录2), 受胁物种数最多的为有鳞目(36种, 占福建省该类群物种数的32.1%), 其次为龟鳖目(15种, 占100.0%)、无尾目(8种, 占16.7%)和有尾目(4种, 占57.1%)。参考新版《国家重点保护野生动物名录》, 有6种爬行动物被列为国家I级重点保护野生动物; 分别有5种两栖动物和25种爬行动物被列为国家II级重点保护野生动物(表2)。
表2 福建省两栖、爬行动物各类群物种受胁与保护状况
Table 2
| 类别 Category | 受威胁或保护等级 Threatened or protected status | 无尾目 Anura | 有尾目 Caudata | 有鳞目 Squamata | 龟鳖目Testudines | 总物种数 Total species | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 蜥蜴亚目Lacertilia | 蛇亚目Serpentes | ||||||
| 中国生物多样性红色名录(2021) China’s Red List of Biodiversity (2021) | 极危 Critically Endangered (CR) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 13 |
| 濒危 Endangered (EN) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 6 | 16 | |
| 易危 Vulnerable (VU) | 5 | 2 | 1 | 14 | 0 | 22 | |
| 国家重点保护野生动物名录 The List of State Key Protected Wild Animals | I级 First-class | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 6 |
| II级 Second-class | 2 | 3 | 2 | 15 | 8 | 30 | |
3 讨论
3.1 福建省两栖、爬行动物增补记录
3.1.1 新描述种和省级新记录种
随着整合分类学研究的发展, 一些历史记录物种的形态相近种被新描述或恢复为有效种, 如雨神角蟾(Boulenophrys ombrophila)、三明角蟾(B. sanmingensis)、戴云角蟾、黄岗臭蛙和德化脊蛇(陈晓虹等, 2010; Messenger et al, 2019; Li et al, 2021)。一些物种从其他种的同物异名种中恢复有效性。如: Malhotra等(2011)确认山烙铁头蛇华东亚种(Ovophis monticola orientalis)是山烙铁头蛇台湾亚种(O. monticola makazayazaya)的次定同物异名, 将台湾亚种恢复为台湾烙铁头蛇(O. makazayazaya)。发现于福建省周边省份的新描述物种相继报道其在该省的新分布记录, 包括粤琴蛙(Nidirana guangdongensis)、丽水树蛙(Rhacophorus lishuiensis)、天目臭蛙(Odorrana tianmuii)、潮州湍蛙(Amolops teochew)和东方短腿蟾(Brachytarsophrys orientalis) (王秋亚等, 2019; Li et al, 2020; 黄雅琼等, 2021; Zeng et al, 2021)。以往调查较少涉及的区域发现了省级新记录种, 包括变色树蜥(Calotes irawadi)和角原矛头蝮(Protobothrops cornutus) (Cai et al, 2021; 彭丽芳等, 2021)。
3.1.2 补充记录
基于野外调查的物种照片和标本, 本研究补充锯尾蜥虎在漳浦县和长泰县的新分布记录。依据一号采自漳浦县的蜥虎标本(标本号MNYH2020091203): 尾扁平, 尾两侧具有明显的橘黄色锯齿状棘鳞, 锯齿状棘鳞至尾端不太明显; 体背面灰色, 杂有不连续的深褐色纵线纹, 尾背面有深褐色横斑, 将本研究发现的蜥虎归属于锯尾蜥虎(杨大同和饶定齐, 2008) (附录3)。
依据野外调查的物种照片和标本, 本研究将前期名录遗漏的云南半叶趾虎(Hemiphyllodactylus yunnanensis)改定为独山半叶趾虎。郑辑等(1993)曾报道梅花山国家级自然保护区发现云南半叶趾虎。基于3号采自梅花山国家级自然保护区周边的标本(标本号WYSN2019111801-WYSN2019111803; 趾下瓣为3-4-4-4对, 趾下瓣均达到趾缘), 本研究记录的半叶趾虎应为独山半叶趾虎(周开亚等, 1981)。体色为灰色或深棕色, 体背面有连续的深褐色纵线纹, 杂以浅棕色细点, 尾背面有浅棕色横斑(附录3)。除了梅花山国家级自然保护区, 本研究亦在上杭县、连城县和德化县发现独山半叶趾虎。
3.2 福建省两栖、爬行动物属、种级分类变动
本研究采纳目前普遍接受的Dubois等(2021)的角蟾属级分类意见, 将福建省原记录的角蟾属(Megophrys)多个物种归为布角蟾属(Boulenophrys)。属下种中文名保持不变。
耿宝荣(2002)的物种名录中包含日本林蛙(Rana japonica); 费梁等(2009b)将华东、华中的日本林蛙种群改定为镇海林蛙(R. zhenhaiensis), 记录其在福建分布于永泰、武夷山、南平、福州、建瓯、顺昌、邵武、长汀和诏安, 书中并未进一步列出福建种群的鉴别特征; Yan等(2011)将福州市和福鼎市原记录的镇海林蛙改定为长肢林蛙(R. longicrus); Wan等(2020)记录长肢林蛙在宁化县的分布; Chen等(2020)在武夷山脉的调查结果表明福建省境内的调查地点没有记录到镇海林蛙。本研究发现野外调查的林蛙属物种后肢前伸贴体时胫跗关节均达到或超过吻端(依据宁德市、泉州市和南平市的标本和活体照片), 该特征显示这些林蛙种群应归属于长肢林蛙。根据已发表资料, 本研究建议将镇海林蛙在福建省的分布记录移除。
基于文献资料对形态相近物种或曾为同名异物种分布范围的确定, 本更新名录修订了部分两栖、爬行动物的分类地位。根据Yuan等(2016a), 福建省分布的饰纹姬蛙的有效学名为Microhyla fissipes。耿宝荣(2002)收录蟼掌突蟾(Leptolalax pelodytoides), 费梁等(1990)已将该种群修订为福建掌突蟾(L. liui), 依据Chen等(2018)的结论, 福建掌突蟾的有效学名应为Leptobrachella liui; 竹叶蛙(Rana versabilis)已知分布于广西和贵州, 福建省记录的应为小竹叶蛙(Odorrana exiliversabilis) (李成等, 2001)。历史记录的大绿蛙(Rana livida)现为大绿臭蛙(O. graminea), 大头蛙(R. kuhlii)为福建大头蛙(Limnonectes fujianensis), 虎纹蛙的有效学名为Hoplobatrachus chinensis (费梁等, 2009b)。斑腿泛树蛙(Polypedates megacephalus)实为布氏泛树蛙(P. braueri) (Pan et al, 2013)。
爬行动物物种的分类地位修订包括: 渔游蛇(Xenochrophis piscator)在国内仅分布于云南省, 福建省历史记录的渔游蛇应为黄斑渔游蛇(X. flavipunctatus) (Vogel & David, 2012); 历史记录的大壁虎(Gekko gecko)应为黑疣大壁虎(G. reevesii) (Rösler et al, 2011); 分布于中国大陆的鼋的有效学名为Pelochelys cantorii (Webb, 1995); 历史记录的白头蝰(Azemiops feae, 现已更名为“黑头蝰”)分布于昆明和攀枝花一线以西, 我国东部地区的白头蝰的有效学名为A. kharini (Orlov et al, 2013); 历史记录的红尾筒蛇(Cylindrophis ruffus)分布于马来西亚等地, 中国分布的物种应为乔迪筒蛇(C. jodiae) (Bernstein et al, 2020; 黄松, 2021); 花尾斜鳞蛇大陆亚种(Pseudoxenodon striaticaudatus striaticaudatus)实为纹尾斜鳞蛇(P. stejnegeri)的次定同物异名(赵尔宓, 2006)。
3.3 从前期名录中移除的物种
前期名录中的棕背蛙(Rana swinhoana)、经甫树蛙(Zhangixalus chenfui)、白条草蜥(Takydromus wolteri)和双全白环蛇(Lycodon fasciatus)的已知分布区不包含福建省, 近年来也未有野外调查发现它们在福建省存在的证据。因此, 本更新名录将它们移除。棕背蛙是台湾省特有种(费梁等, 2009b); 经甫树蛙分布于四川和湖北一带, 与福建相隔甚远, 陈豆豆(2019) （ 陈豆豆 (2019) 福建武夷山国家级自然保护区两栖爬行动物多样性及垂直分布研究. 硕士学位论文, 厦门大学, 福建厦门.）报道其形态相近种丽水树蛙在武夷山的新记录, 提示蔡明章(1981)报道的经甫树蛙应为丽水树蛙; Cai等(2021)指出白条草蜥仅分布于长江以北; Wang等(2021)指出双全白环蛇仅分布于云南省及周边地区。
附录 Supplementary Material
附录1 福建省两栖、爬行动物调查单元和样区示意图
Appendix 1 Map of the survey units and plots of amphibians and reptiles in Fujian Province
附录2 福建省两栖爬行动物名录及其受威胁等级
Appendix 2 Inventory and threatened status of amphibian and reptile species in Fujian Province
附录3 独山半叶趾虎和锯尾蜥虎活体照片
Appendix 3 Adult Hemiphyllodactylus dushanensis and Hemidactylus garnotii
参考文献
Molecular phylogeny of Asian pipesnakes, genus Cylindrophis Wagler, 1828 (Squamata: Cylindrophiidae), with the description of a new species from Myanmar
An annotated list of lizards (Sauria: Squamata) recorded from the People’s Republic of China
Exploring the status and causes of China’s threatened reptiles through the red list assessment
DOI:10.17520/biods.2015354
[本文引用: 1]
This study investigated the living status of reptile species in China. Based on surveys and revised IUCN criterion (Version 3.1), we evaluated the endangerment status and completed China’s Biodiversity Red List, Volume of Vertebrates. The reptiles assessed included 3 orders, 32 families, 133 genera and 461 species, in which Crocodylia contains 3 families, 3 genera and 3 species, Testudines contains 6 families, 18 genera and 34 species, Lacertilia in Squamata contains 10 families, 41 genera and 188 species, and Serpentes in Squamata contains 13 families, 71 genera and 236 species. The study identified 2 species as Regionally Extinction (RE), 34 species as Critically Endangered (CR), 37 species as Endangered (EN), 66 species as Vulnerable (VU), 78 species as Near Threatened (NT), 175 species were identified as of Least Concern (LC) and 69 species as Data Deficient (DD). The threatened species (including CR, EN and VU) in reptile taxa are listed as follows: Testudines contained 31 species, Lacertilia in Squamata contained 38 species, Serpentes in Squamata contained 67 species, and Crocodylia contained 1 species. In China, threatened reptiles totaled 137 species, which accounted for 29.72% of reptiles in China (461 species), which is higher than that of the global assessment of the 2014 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (13.61%). Of the 137 threatened species, Crocodylia and Testudines were the two most endangered groups (covering 100% and 91.18%, respectively), followed by Serpentes in Squamata with 28.39%, and Lacertilia in Squamata (20.21%) was the least endangered. There were 39 species of endemic reptiles in China identified as endangered, which were 27.27% and 28.47% of the total number of reptiles endemic to China (143) and endangered species (137), respectively. The most endangered species were distributed in the southwestern and southern regions of China. The main threats to species survival: habitat destruction and fragmentation, overuse and the heavy pollution, and climate change. Given the uniqueness and diversity of Chinese reptile fauna, the complexity of topography and geomorphology, and the imbalance of the development of social economy, we suggest that the whole society should act to protect endangered reptiles, especially endemic and critically endangered species, which is one of the most important tasks of biodiversity conservation in China.
通过红色名录评估探讨中国爬行动物受威胁现状及原因
DOI:10.17520/biods.2015354
[本文引用: 1]
为了评估中国爬行动物红色名录, 我们按照爬行动物生物学特性, 适当修改了IUCN濒危物种红色名录标准Version 3.1。在此基础上, 评估了中国爬行动物生存现状, 参与编制了《中国生物多样性红色名录——脊椎动物卷》。此次评估的中国爬行动物有3目32科133属461种, 结果为: 区域灭绝(RE) 2种、极危(CR) 34种、濒危(EN) 37种、易危(VU) 66种、近危(NT) 78种、无危(LC) 175种以及数据缺乏(DD) 69种。中国受威胁(包括极危、濒危、易危)的爬行动物共计137种, 约占总数的29.72%, 包括龟鳖目31种、有鳞目蛇亚目67种、蜥蜴亚目38种和鳄形目1种, 高于2014年《IUCN濒危物种红色名录》评估的世界爬行动物受威胁比例(13.61%)。在所有受威胁物种中, 受威胁比例最高的类群是鳄形目(100%)和龟鳖目(91.18%), 其次是有鳞目蛇亚目(28.39%), 第三是有鳞目蜥蜴亚目(20.21%)。中国爬行动物特有种受威胁物种有39种, 占特有种总数(143种)的27.27%, 占受威胁物种总数(137)的28.47%。长江以南的华南和西南地区受威胁的物种最多。爬行动物受人类干扰严重, 主要表现为: 栖息地质量退化及生境破碎化、过度利用及污染和气候变化等。尽管自1989年《中华人民共和国野生动物保护法》实施以来, 一些中国濒危爬行动物的生存状况得到改善。但鉴于中国爬行动物区系的独特性和多样性、地形地貌的复杂性及社会经济发展的不均衡性, 为了维持区域生态安全和资源可持续利用, 拯救中国濒危爬行动物, 尤其是中国特有爬行动物中的极危物种, 是中国动物保护工作最迫切的任务之一。
A revised taxonomy for Chinese reptiles
DOI:10.17520/biods.2015037
[本文引用: 3]
Based on taxonomic and phylogenetic studies, we presented a comprehensive reassessment of the classification systems, updated corresponding Chinese scientific names and concluded the Checklist of Chinese Reptilia. Our analysis suggested that in China there are a total of 3 orders, 30 families, 132 genera, and 462 reptile species. The order Crocodylia includes one family, one genus, and one species. The order, Testudines includes 6 families, 18 genera, and 33 species. The order Squamata includes the suborder Lacertilia and Serpentes. Lacertilia includes 10 families, 41 genera, and 189 species and Serpentes includes 13 families, 72 genera, and 239 species. Compared to Fauna Sinica (Reptilia 1): General Accounts of Reptilia,Testudoformes and Crocodiliformes, Fauna Sinica (Reptilia 2): Squamata (Lacertilia) and Snakes of China, we added 81 species, revised 2 species and excluded 12 synonymous, 6 hybrid, and 7 undistributed reptile species. At the genus level, there are 23 additional, 6 revised, 15 synonymous genera. At the family level, there are 5 additional and 2 revised families. There is no change at the order or suborder levels. Studies of morphology and molecular phylogeny on taxonomic categories of reptiles reflects several divergences. We discusssed these controversies and explained choices of the Checklist of Chinese Reptilia in this article.
中国爬行纲动物分类厘定
DOI:10.17520/biods.2015037
[本文引用: 3]
本文对中国爬行纲动物的分类体系和物种进行了系统的评估, 规范了中文学名, 给出了《中国爬行纲校正名录》, 结果表明: 中国现存爬行纲动物3目30科132属462种, 其中鳄形目(Crocodylia)1科1属1种, 龟鳖目(Testudines)6科18属33种, 有鳞目(Squamata)蜥蜴亚目(Lacertilia)10科41属189种, 有鳞目蛇亚目(Serpentes)13科72属239种。与《中国动物志 爬行纲 第一卷(总论、龟鳖目、鳄形目)》、《中国动物志 爬行纲 第二卷(有鳞目: 蜥蜴亚目)》和《中国蛇类》相比, 目和亚目无变化; 科级水平新增5科, 变更2科; 属级水平新增23属, 合并15属, 变更6属; 种级水平新增81种, 变动2种; 未收录同物异名12种、杂交6种、中国无分布7种。形态和分子系统发育研究结果在爬行动物不同分类阶元均有一定差异, 文章对这些争议进行了讨论, 并对名录的选择做了说明。
A preliminary survey of the amphibian fauna of the Wuyishan Natural Reserve
武夷山自然保护区两栖动物初步调查
Surveys and faunal analysis of reptiles in Quanzhou City, Fujian Province
福建泉州爬行动物的调查及区系分析
Large-scale phylogenetic analyses provide insights into unrecognized diversity and historical biogeography of Asian leaf-litter frogs, genus Leptolalax (Anura: Megophryidae)
DOI:S1055-7903(17)30699-1
PMID:29530499
[本文引用: 1]
Southeast Asia and southern China (SEA-SC) harbor a highly diverse and endemic flora and fauna that is under increasing threat. An understanding of the biogeographical history and drivers of this diversity is lacking, especially in some of the most diverse and threatened groups. The Asian leaf-litter frog genus Leptolalax Dubois 1980 is a forest-dependent genus distributed throughout SEA-SC, making it an ideal study group to examine specific biogeographic hypotheses. In addition, the diversity of this genus remains poorly understood, and the phylogenetic relationships among species of Leptolalax and closely related Leptobrachella Smith 1928 remain unclear. Herein, we evaluate species-level diversity based on 48 of the 53 described species from throughout the distribution of Leptolalax. Molecular analyses reveal many undescribed species, mostly in southern China and Indochina. Our well-resolved phylogeny based on multiple nuclear DNA markers shows that Leptolalax is not monophyletic with respect to Leptobrachella and, thus, we assign the former to being a junior synonym of the latter. Similarly, analyses reject monophyly of the two subgenera of Leptolalax. The diversification pattern of the group is complex, involving a high degree of sympatry and prevalence of microendemic species. Northern Sundaland (Borneo) and eastern Indochina (Vietnam) appear to have played pivotal roles as geographical centers of diversification, and paleoclimatic changes and tectonic movements seem to have driven the major divergence of clades. Analyses fail to reject an "upstream" colonization hypothesis, and, thus, the genus appears to have originated in Sundaland and then colonized mainland Asia. Our results reveal that both vicariance and dispersal are responsible for current distribution patterns in the genus.Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
A new species of the genus Odorrana from China (Anura: Ranidae)
中国臭蛙属一新种
Reptilian fauna and zoogeographic division of Fujian Province
福建省爬行动物区系及地理区划
Species diversity and elevational distribution of amphibians in the Xianxialing and Wuyishan Mountain Ranges, Southeastern China
Investigation report and revised checklist of reptiles in Fujian
福建省爬行动物调查及其校正名录
A new species of the Fejervarya limnocharis complex from Japan (Anura, Dicroglossidae)
DOI:10.2108/zsj.28.922 URL [本文引用: 2]
New concepts and methods for phylogenetic taxonomy and nomenclature in zoology, exemplified by a new ranked cladonomy of recent amphibians (Lissamphibia)
China’s zoogeographical regionalization based on terrestrial vertebrates
DOI:10.17520/biods.2017135 URL [本文引用: 1]
全国陆生野生动物调查单元区划方案
DOI:10.17520/biods.2017135
[本文引用: 1]
我国早期的动物地理区划主要依靠专家知识和经验, 缺乏系统的定量分析, 而且部分基本区划单元内的动物生态成分差异仍然较大, 使其在野生动物保护管理应用中受到一定限制。为满足野生动物保护管理的需要, 尤其为满足全国第二次陆生野生动物资源调查的需要, 我们在张荣祖“中国动物地理区划”的基础上, 进行了全国野生动物调查单元区划。将全国陆地区域划分为5 km × 5 km的网格, 基于1,784种陆栖脊椎动物(262种两栖动物、358种爬行动物、814种鸟类、350种兽类)的分布数据, 对各网格内的动物分布型比例及自然环境因子进行聚类分析。根据聚类结果, 并结合指示物种的分布情况以及省级行政区划界线, 将全国划分为2界7区19亚区54个动物地理省239个生态地理单元310个调查单元。与张荣祖“中国动物地理区划”方案相比, 界、区、亚区、动物地理省的数量一致, 边界走向基本一致, 但也有一些界线不同, 而且增加了“生态地理单元”和“调查单元” 2级区划单元。
Species diversity and distribution of amphibians and reptiles in Hunan Province, China
DOI:10.17520/biods.2021290 URL [本文引用: 1]
湖南省两栖、爬行动物物种多样性及其地理分布
DOI:10.17520/biods.2021290
[本文引用: 1]
物种多样性及其地理分布是制定野生动物保护对策的重要依据。两栖、爬行动物在生物演化的历史上占据着重要地位, 又是脊椎动物分类体系变动较大的类群。为了掌握湖南省两栖、爬行动物物种多样性现状, 促进湖南省生物多样性保护和野生动物管理工作, 我们参考分类学及分子生物系统学的最新研究成果, 系统地收集了近10多年来有关湖南省两栖、爬行动物分类的文献资料, 结合团队长期以来的野外调查数据, 对湖南省两栖、爬行动物名录进行了整理与更新(截止到2021年10月31日)。结果表明: 湖南省已记录两栖动物2目10科30属86种(含亚种), 爬行动物2目22科55属105种(含亚种), 其中中国特有种分别有62种和30种, 湖南省特有种分别有10种和4种。列入《国家重点保护野生动物名录》(2021)的两栖动物有11种, 爬行动物有10种; 列为《中国生物多样性红色名录》(2021)受威胁等级的两栖动物有20种, 爬行动物有30种。此外, 湖南省两栖、爬行动物区系特征明显, 以东洋界种类为主(81.2%), 广布种较少(18.8%), 无古北界种。在地理分布上, 湘南山地丘陵区、湘西北山地区是湖南省两栖、爬行动物物种丰富度较高的地区。
Amphibian fauna and zoogeographic division of Fujian
福建省两栖动物区系及地理区划
Lycodon and Dinodon: One genus or two? Evidence from molecular phylogenetics and morphological comparisons
DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.03.008 URL [本文引用: 1]
Investigation report of amphibians in Fujian
福建省两栖动物调查报告
Nidirana guangdongensis, a new amphibian record in Fujian Province
福建省两栖类新记录--粤琴蛙
On the taxonomy of the Burmese python, Python molurus bivittatus Kuhl, 1820, specifically on the Sulawesi population
Assessing the threat status of amphibians in China
DOI:10.17520/biods.2015348 URL [本文引用: 1]
中国两栖动物受威胁现状评估
DOI:10.17520/biods.2015348
[本文引用: 1]
为了了解我国两栖动物受威胁现状和致危因素, 进而制定相关的保护措施和开展国际合作, 本文依据中国两栖动物野生种群与生境现状, 利用《IUCN物种红色名录濒危等级和标准》(3.1版)和《IUCN物种红色名录标准在国家或地区的应用指南》(4.0版), 对中国已知的408种两栖动物的濒危状况进行了评估, 并编制了《中国两栖动物红色名录》。评估结果表明: 中国两栖动物有1种灭绝, 1种区域灭绝, 受威胁的两栖动物共计176种, 占评估物种总数的43.1%, 明显高于《IUCN濒危物种红色名录》(2015)的物种受威胁率(30.8%)。中国两栖动物特有种272种, 其中48.9%属于受威胁物种。中国两栖动物受威胁比例最高的目是有尾目(63.4%), 明显高于无尾目(39.0%); 受威胁比例最高的科是隐鳃鲵科(Cryptobranchidae) (仅有1种, 100%受威胁), 小鲵科(Hynobiidae) (86.7%)和叉舌蛙科(Dicroglossidae) (78.1%)。有11个省区的受威胁物种数占本省区两栖动物物种总数的30%及以上, 前3位分别是四川(40.8%)、广西(39.2%)和云南(37%)。中国大多数两栖动物物种分布在西南山地和华南地区, 以海拔2,000 m以下区域为主。栖息地退化或丧失、捕捉、环境污染列受威胁两栖动物致危因子的前3位。鉴于中国两栖动物区系的复杂性和独特性, 进一步加强两栖动物资源调查、种群和生境监测及相关科学研究, 仍是今后一段时期开展两栖动物多样性保护和濒危物种拯救行动的关键性基础工作。
China’s mammalian diversity
DOI:10.17520/biods.2014202 URL [本文引用: 1]
中国哺乳动物多样性
DOI:10.17520/biods.2014202
[本文引用: 1]
中国哺乳动物区系有鲜明的特色: 有青藏高原分布的特有种属, 有第三纪孑遗动物——大熊猫科和白鱀豚科, 世界一半以上的鼠兔科动物为中国特有种, 中国还是世界有蹄类最丰富的国家。新世纪以来, 世界哺乳动物分类体系发生了变化, 中国也发现一批哺乳动物新种和新记录种。因此, 有必要对中国哺乳动物多样性名录进行及时更新和完善。我们在《中国生物多样性红色名录·哺乳动物卷》的编研中, 对中国哺乳动物的目级阶元采用在系统发育基因组学已经取得一致意见的方案; 在科及以下阶元以《中国哺乳动物种与亚种分类名录与分布大全》和Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (第3版)的分类系统为基础, 有蹄类的分类采用Ungulate Taxonomy分类系统; 收集整理了中国(包括台湾地区)所有哺乳动物资料, 增加了截至2015年3月31日学术期刊发表的中国哺乳动物新种和新记录种, 通过会议评审和通讯评审, 调整了一些物种的名称和分类地位, 确定了《中国哺乳动物名录(2015)》。该名录收录了中国现有哺乳动物12目55科245属673种, 其中, 新种18种(包括11种最近发现的或利用分子生物学方法确定的、尚有争议的新种)、新记录种18种、60个亚种提升为种。根据研究结果和专家意见, 剔除了52种哺乳动物。此外, 中国分类学家对新版名录中的20种啮类(Glires)的分类地位持不同意见, 这些种类需要进一步研究。以《中国哺乳动物名录(2015)》收录的中国哺乳动物种数与其他国家比较, 中国哺乳动物种数超过IUCN报道的世界哺乳动物排序第一的印度尼西亚(670种)。中国有150种特有哺乳动物, 特有种比例为22.3%。兔形目特有种比例达43%, 鼠兔科特有种比例更高达52%。劳亚食虫目的特有种比例为35%。中国灵长目、啮齿目和翼手目特有种比例约占各目总种数的1/5, 翼手目特有种包括近十年发表、模式产地为中国的12个蝙蝠新种。《中国哺乳动物名录(2015)》为生物多样性研究与保护提供了最新的本底资料。
Taxonomic studies of Odorrana versabilis in China. I. Taxonomic status of the geographic populations (Amphibia: Ranidae)
竹叶臭蛙的分类学研究. I. 各地理居群的分类探讨(两栖纲: 蛙科)
A new species of the Achalinus rufescens complex (Xenodermidae: Achalinus) from Fujian Province, China
DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.5026.2.5
PMID:34810931
[本文引用: 2]
A new species of the xenodermid snake genus Achalinus Peters, 1869 is described from Fujian Province, China, based on six specimens. Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses based on a mitochondrial DNA fragment (CO1) indicated the new taxon is different from its congeners (pdistance ≥ 18.5%). Morphologically, the new species can be diagnosed from the other species by a combination of following characters: (1) dorsal scales 23 rows throughout, strongly keeled, the most outer rows on both sides also keeled and slightly enlarged; (2) tail relatively longer, TaL/TL ratio 0.260.29 in males, 0.210.22 in females; (3) maxillary teeth 3033; (4) length of suture between internasals significantly longer than that between prefrontals; (5) nasal divided into two sections by nasal cleft; (6) a single loreal; (7) SPO 1, seldom 2; (8) SPL 6, the fourth and fifth contacting eye; (9) IFL5, rarely 6, the first three touching the first pair of chin shields; (10) TMP 79, arranged in three rows; (11) VS 142149 in males, VS 152154 in females; (12) SC 7481 in males, SC 6365 in females, arranged in a single row; (13) cloacal entire; (14) greyish brown above, pale yellow beneath; (15) dorsum with an indistinct longitudinal vertebral stripe. The description of the new species brings the total species of Achalinus to 19.
Review of the genus Brachytarsophrys (Anura: Megophryidae), with revalidation of Brachytarsophrys platyparietus and description of a new species from China
A revised species list of amphibians and reptiles in the Anhui Province
DOI:10.17520/biods.2019036 URL [本文引用: 1]
安徽省两栖爬行动物名录修订
DOI:10.17520/biods.2019036
[本文引用: 1]
参考两栖爬行动物分类学和分子系统学的最新研究成果, 收集了近年来安徽省两栖爬行类相关的研究资料, 整理成安徽省两栖爬行类物种与分布名录。截止到2018年11月30日, 安徽省共记录两栖动物2目9科26属44种, 其中安徽特有种3种; 爬行动物3目11科48属72种, 其中安徽特有种1种。与《安徽两栖爬行动物志》(1991)相比, 共增加了12种, 删除1个物种, 更改了29个物种的名称。区系分析表明, 东洋界种类91种(78.4%), 古北界种类10种(8.7%), 广布型15种(12.9%)。列入《国家重点保护野生动物名录》的有4种, 列入《中国脊椎动物红色名录》的有112种。
Three new species of amphibia from Fujian Province
福建省两栖动物的三新种
Four new species of Panophrys (Anura, Megophryidae) from eastern China, with discussion on the recognition of Panophrys as a distinct genus
DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4927.1.2 URL [本文引用: 2]
Species catalogue of China: A remarkable achievement in the field of biodiversity science in China
DOI:10.17520/biods.2015077 URL [本文引用: 1]
中国生物多样性编目取得重要进展
Phylogenetic structure and species boundaries in the mountain pitviper Ovophis monticola (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae) in Asia
DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.02.010
PMID:21315823
[本文引用: 1]
We investigated phylogenetic structure and morphological variation in Asian mountain pitvipers of the genus Ovophis (comprising 3-4 species some of which are considered polytypic) by sequencing four mitochondrial markers (cytochrome b, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4, 12S and 16S rRNA) from 72 specimens, and analysed them in a Bayesian framework together with another 26 sequences from closely related genera. We reconstructed the region of origin and direction of dispersal of the major clades, and of Ovophis as a whole, using likelihood framework analysis. We also defined morphogroups from 280 specimens from across the range of Ovophis to allow the geographic extent of the major clades to be determined, as well as to allow inclusion of specimens lacking sequence data. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed the monophyly of Ovophis as currently defined, and revealed that it contains two major lineages, eastern (mainly Chinese) and western, with both occurring in southwestern China, central and northern Viet Nam. The most likely origin of the genus, and of individual lineages, coincides with the northeastern boundary of the Indomalayan hotspot. Major diversification in this species group likely corresponded to major climatic changes arising from the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau in the early to mid Miocene. With reference to the defined morphogroups, we suggest that at least five species are present and provide appropriate names. With a few exceptions, the newly defined species boundaries do not correspond to the existing taxonomy.Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
A new species of the genus Megophrys Gunther, 1864 (Amphibia: Anura: Megophryidae) from Mount Wuyi, China
DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4554.2.9
PMID:30790977
[本文引用: 2]
A new species of horned toad, Megophrys ombrophila sp. nov., is described based on specimens found from Guadun village from Mount Wuyi in northwestern Fujian Province, China. The species is distinguished from other described Megophrys by morphology, bioacoustics, and molecular data of the 12S and 16S mitochondrial loci. The species is characterized by its rotund stature, head length approximately equal to head width, canthus rostralis well developed, tympanum large and distinct, vomerine teeth absent, margin of tongue smooth, not notched from behind, heels of the feet not meeting when femurs are held at 90° to the axis of the body and tibias are depressed against the femur, toes weakly webbed at base, dorsal skin mostly smooth with scattered granules and ridges, usually the presence of two discontinuous dorsolateral ridges, supratympanic fold distinct and well-developed, and with females ranging from 32.8-35 mm snout-to-vent length, and males ranging from 27.4-34.5 mm SVL. In its type locality, the species is sympatric with M. boettgeri and M. kuatunensis; and phylogenetically, the most closely related described species is M. obesa from southwest Guangdong province. As more cryptic species are described within the subfamily Megophryinae, the more apparent becomes the need for fine-scale molecular and phenotypic assessment to capture the many forms of this hyper-diverse group.
On the taxonomy and the distribution of snakes of the genus Azemiops Boulenger, 1888: Description of a new species
First record of the Island Wolfsnake, Lycodon capucinus (H. Boie in F. Boie 1827), from New Guinea, with comments on its widespread distribution and confused taxonomy, and a new record for the common Sun Skink, Eutropis multifasciata (Kuhl 1820)
Molecular phylogeny supports the validity of Polypedates impresus Yang 2008
DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1245.2013.00124 URL [本文引用: 1]
Protobothrops cornutus, a new reptile record in Fujian Province
福建省爬行类新记录——角原矛头蝮
The Reptiles of China: Turtles, Crocodilians, Snakes, Lizards
Phylogeny, taxonomy, and zoogeography of the genus Gekko Laurenti, 1768 with the revalidation of G. reevesii Gray, 1831 (Sauria: Gekkonidae)
DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.2989.1.1 URL [本文引用: 2]
Phylogeography of the Russell’s viper (Daboia russelii) complex in relation to variation in the colour pattern and symptoms of envenoming
A study on the geographical distribution and regional faunistic composition of the amphibia and reptilia of Fujian Province
福建两栖和爬行类的地理分布及区系研究
A revision of the species group of Xenochrophis piscator (Schneider, 1799)(Squamata: Natricidae)
DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.3473.1.1 URL [本文引用: 1]
A new species of the Rana japonica group (Anura, Ranidae, Rana) from China, with a taxonomic proposal for the R. johnsi group
DOI:10.3897/zookeys.942.46928 URL [本文引用: 1]
The updated checklist and zoogeographic division of the reptilian fauna of Yunnan Province, China
DOI:10.17520/biods.2021326
[本文引用: 1]
<p id="p00010"><strong>Aims:</strong> Yunnan Province has the richest biodiversity among all administrative regions in China. Therefore, having detailed, updated checklists of different fauna and flora groups of Yunnan are particularly important for the conservation and scientific utilization of biodiversity in China.</p> <p id="p00015"><strong>Methods:</strong> Based on published literatures and examination of relevant specimens in natural history museums in China, we update the checklist of the reptilian fauna of Yunnan. Following the update, we revised the zoogeographic division of reptilian fauna of Yunnan and compiled diversity-related statistics for each zoogeographic region.</p> <p id="p00020"><strong>Results:</strong> As of 31th December, 2021, there are 235 recognized species of reptiles in 82 genera, 25 families, and 2 orders recorded from Yunnan Province of China, including 16 species of Testudines in 12 genera, 4 families, 72 species of Lacertilia in 20 genera, 6 families, and 147 species of Serpentes in 50 genera, 15 families. Comparing to the latest monograph, <i>Amphibia and Reptilia of Yunnan</i>, which was published in 2008, our updated checklist added 82 new records, retained 21 questionable records, and removed records of 23 recognized species from Yunnan. With the revised taxonomy and distribution data of Yunnan’s reptilian fauna, we continued to recognize six zoogeographic regions in Yunnan, namely Northwestern Hengduan Mountains of Yunnan, Western Hills of Yunnan, Southern Hills of Yunnan, Southeastern Hills of Yunnan, Northern and Central Yunnan Plateau, and Northeastern Hills of Yunnan; but we adjusted the ranges for four of these regions, namely Northwestern Hengduan Mountains of Yunnan, Western Hills of Yunnan, Southeastern Hills of Yunnan, and Northern and Central Yunnan Plateau. While the three southern zoogeographic regions have the highest overall diversity, the Northwestern Hengduan Mountains of Yunnan and Central Yunnan Plateau have the highest percentage of endemic species. In total, 13% of the recorded taxa are endemic to Yunnan, 33% of the taxa are only found in Yunnan within China, and 26% of the taxa have been initially described from Yunnan. Taxonomically, Lacertilia constitutes the highest percentage of endemic taxa, which is followed by Serpentes and Testudines. For conservation, about 34% of the assessed reptile species of Yunnan are considered threatened based on <i>China’s Red List of Biodiversity•Vertebrates (Vol. III): Reptiles</i>, and about 16% of the total species of Yunnan still lack conservation assessments. In contrast, only 12% of the recorded species are nationally protected. Of the six zoogeographic regions of Yunnan, the Southern Hills of Yunnan have the highest percentage of threatened species and the highest number of nationally protected species.</p> <p id="p00025"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The reptilian diversity of Yunnan is still underestimated, and the taxonomy of the recorded species is changing regularly. Taxonomy should continue to be the focus of herpetological studies in the future, and detailed distribution data at higher resolution are needed, preferably to the county level. The percentage of endemic species of Yunnan and the conservation threat of Yunnan’s reptilian fauna are both high. Habitat conservations of endemic species in northwest and central Yunnan warrants particular attention. Lastly, as taxonomy and conservation status of species are changing regularly, and given many threatened species are not currently protected by the List of Wild Animals under Special State Protection, we call for the update of the List of Wild Animals under Special Provincial Protection of Yunnan, so that the overlooked, threatened species and their habitats can have legal protection converge.</p>
云南省爬行动物名录和地理区划更新
DOI:10.17520/biods.2021326
[本文引用: 1]
云南省作为中国生物多样性最高的省份, 其详实的物种本底资料对我国生物多样性研究和保护具有重要意义。本文在前期研究的基础上, 结合实体标本, 汇总编制了云南省现生、原生爬行动物更新名录。截至2021年12月31日, 云南省记录爬行动物25科82属235种, 其中龟鳖目4科12属16种, 有鳞目蜥蜴亚目6科20属72种, 蛇亚目15科50属147种。较《云南两栖爬行动物》确认新增82种, 存疑收录21种, 移除23种。基于先前云南省爬行动物区划和更新后的物种分布信息, 将云南省爬行动物地理分为6个动物地理区, 即滇西北横断山区、滇西山地区、滇南山地区、滇东南山地区、滇中高原区以及滇东北山地区; 其中滇西北横断山区、滇西山地区、滇中高原区和滇东南山地区的范围与先前研究相比有所调整。结合调整后的爬行动物地理区划, 对物种分布、物种特有性、受威胁状况等给出了统计结果。云南省爬行动物特有物种、国内仅见于云南的非特有物种数量较多, 受威胁等级高。建议今后继续加大分类学研究投入, 对滇西北、滇中特有爬行动物分布集中的区域积极开展栖息地保护工作, 同时在最新调整的《国家重点保护野生动物名录》基础上, 定期组织专家研讨, 对《云南省省级重点保护动物名录》提出更新建议。
The updated checklists of amphibians and reptiles of China
DOI:10.17520/biods.2019238
[本文引用: 4]
We updated the checklists of extant, native amphibians and reptiles of China based on the previously published checklist of reptiles in 2015, the online checklist of amphibians on the database AmphibiaChina, newly published data as of December 2019, and previously uncollected literature prior to 2015. In total, the amphibian fauna of China consists of 515 species in 62 genera, 13 families, and three orders (Anura: 431 species in 47 genera and nine families; Caudata: 82 species in 14 genera and four families; Gymnophiona: one species in one genus and one family), while the reptilian fauna of China consists of 511 species in 135 genera, 35 families, and three orders (Crocodylia: one species in one genus and one family; Testudines: 34 species in 18 genera and six families; Squamata 466 species in 116 genera and 28 families [Serpentes: 256 species in 73 genera, 18 families; Lacertilia: 211 species in 43 genera and 10 families]). Specifically, for amphibians between 2015 and 2019, one family was recorded from China for the first time, two new genera were described, a genus was resurrected, a genus was recorded from China for the first time, 74 new, valid species were either described or resurrected, 18 recognized species were recorded from China for the first time, and six genera and eight species were considered as junior synonyms. For reptiles between 2015 and 2019, five subfamilies were elevated to the full family status, one new subfamily and a new genus were described, three genera were resurrected, three recognized genera were recorded from China for the first time, 35 new species were described, two species were resurrected from synonyms, six subspecies were elevated to the full species status, 10 recognized species were recorded from China for the first time, four genera and four species were considered as junior synonyms, and distribution records of one genus and four recognized species were removed from China. Furthermore, by reviewing literature before 2015, we make additional changes on the previous reptile checklist, including adding new records of three genera, elevating three subspecies to full species status, adding new records of three recognized species, synonymizing three genera and two species as junior synonyms, and removing the distribution record of a single recognized species from China. Lastly, we revise the Chinese common names of some reptilian groups with recomandations to maintain the stability of the Chinese common names. The number of new species and new national records for amphibians and reptiles between 2015 and 2019 in China accounts for 17.1% and 10.2% of the total number of species in each group, respectively. Because new species are described at considerable speed and given the constant changes in the taxonomy of China’s herpetofuna, it is crucial to update the checklists regularly and discuss the existing taxonomic problems, so that such information reflects the most current state of knowledge and are available for taxonomic researchers and conservation biologists alike.
中国两栖、爬行动物更新名录
DOI:10.17520/biods.2019238
[本文引用: 4]
本文在2015年发表的爬行动物名录及同年《中国两栖类信息系统》发布的两栖动物名录的基础上, 通过整理新发表的分类学研究及先前名录遗漏的部分早期文献, 更新了截至2019年底中国现生本土两栖、爬行动物物种名录。2015-2019年间, 中国两栖动物新记录1科, 新描述2属, 恢复1属有效性, 新记录1属, 新描述或恢复有效种74种, 新增国家纪录18种; 另6属、8种的有效性未得到近年研究证据支持(在此视为次定同物异名而未做收录, 后同)。同期, 中国爬行动物新恢复5科, 新描述1亚科, 新描述1属, 恢复3属有效性, 新记录3属, 新描述、恢复或提升有效种43个, 新增国家纪录10种; 另有5属、4种的有效性未得到近年研究证据支持, 并移除1属、4种在我国的分布纪录。此外, 通过整理2015年前文献, 爬行动物增补3属, 提升3亚种至种级地位, 增补国家新纪录3种, 另有3属、2种的有效性未得到近年研究证据支持, 同时移除1种在我国的分布纪录。综上, 截至2019年底, 我国共记录现生本土两栖动物3目13科62属515种(蚓螈目1科1属1种, 有尾目3科14属82种, 无尾目9科47属431种), 爬行动物3目35科135属511种(鳄形目1科1属1种, 龟鳖目6科18属34种, 有鳞目蛇亚目18科73属265种、蜥蜴亚目10科43属211种)。此外, 本文还对先前名录中部分爬行动物的中文名提出了修改建议, 建议恢复部分物种的惯用中文名。2015-2019年, 新物种及新纪录已知物种数量占现两栖、爬行动物物种总数的17.1%和10.2%。近年来, 我国发表的两栖、爬行动物新物种和已知物种的新纪录数量持续增加, 分类体系也在研究中不断完善, 建议今后及时地进行阶段性总结, 同时对存在的问题提出讨论, 以推动中国两栖、爬行动物分类学研究工作的进一步开展。
Contribution to the taxonomy of the genus Lycodon H. Boie in Fitzinger, 1827 (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae) in China, with description of two new species and resurrection and elevation of Dinodon septentrionale chapaense Angel, Bourret, 1933
DOI:10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.286
PMID:33377333
[本文引用: 1]
While considerable progress has been made in the taxonomic studies of the genus in Asia, questions remain to be clarified regarding the taxonomy of certain groups, particularly those containing species in China. Not only do many regions in China remain overlooked by herpetologists, resulting in the possibility of undiscovered new species, but the surveyed areas also have suspicious records of recognized congeners that require taxonomic confirmations. Combining both morphological and genetic data, we tackle these outstanding issues in the taxonomy of in China. In particular, we discover two new species of : one from the previously neglected hot-dry valley in the northern Hengduan Mountain Region close to Tibet, and another recluse and cryptic species from the complex in the downtown park of a major city in southern Sichuan Province. Additionally, we clarify the distribution of in China and resurrect and elevate its junior synonym subspecies, chapaense, as a full, valid species, and we synonymize the recently described to the resurrected... thus represents a new national record of reptilian fauna of China. Lastly, based on literature review, we also correct some of the erroneous records of and in China, point out remaining taxonomic issues of the genus for future research, and update the dichotomous key and distribution of the 20 species of currently recorded from China.
The composition of the piebald odorous frog (Odorrana schmackeri species complex) in Fujian Province and a new record of Odorrana tianmuii
福建省花臭蛙复合体组成及天目臭蛙分布新记录记述
Redescription and neotype designation of Pelochelys bibroni from southern New Guinea (Testudines: Trionychidae)
A new newt of the genus Cynops (Caudata: Salamandridae) from Fujian Province, southeastern China
DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.2346.1.4 URL [本文引用: 1]
Significance of pre-Quaternary climate change for montane species diversity: Insights from Asian salamanders (Salamandridae: Pachytriton)
DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.10.011 URL [本文引用: 1]
A new species of the genus Rana sensu lato Linnaeus, 1758 (Anura, Ranidae) from Wuyi Mountain, Fujian Province, China
DOI:10.3897/zookeys.1065.67005 URL [本文引用: 1]
Matrilineal history of the Rana longicrus species group (Rana, Ranidae, Anura) and the description of a new species from Hunan, southern China
DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1245.2011.00061 URL [本文引用: 1]
Revision of the list of amphibian species in Yunnan Province
DOI:10.17520/biods.2021470 URL [本文引用: 1]
云南省两栖类物种名录修订
DOI:10.17520/biods.2021470
[本文引用: 1]
云南省是我国两栖类多样性最丰富的地区, 近年来受威胁的两栖类物种数显著增加, 亟需对两栖类的名录进行更新和完善。本文在《云南两栖爬行动物》的基础上, 通过收集近十余年的研究资料, 结合近年国内外最新研究结果, 确定物种有效性和分类归属, 并结合本团队野外考察数据, 对云南两栖类的物种名录和分布进行系统的整理与修订。修订后的名录共记录云南省两栖类191种, 隶属3目12科49属, 占全国两栖类种数的32.5%。自2008年以来, 云南省新增两栖类1科23属70种, 本名录修订3科31属47种; 共发现34个新种、15个中国新纪录和10个省级新纪录种, 主要集中在云南的边境地区。云南省记录45种受威胁物种, 占云南省两栖类种数的23.6%, 占全国受威胁两栖类物种数的25.6%。其中, 2种被列为极危(CR), 9种被列为濒危(EN), 34种被列为易危(VU)。名录共记录15种国家II级重点保护野生动物, 占受国家保护两栖类种数的16.0%。此外, 列入CITES附录I和附录II的分别有1种和8种, 被列为云南省极小种群物种而作为重点保护野生动物的有5种。在新名录的基础上, 本文讨论了云南省两栖类多样性与分类研究不足的类群、考察薄弱的地区、物种丰富度的格局分布以及受威胁情况, 以期对云南省未来两栖类的研究和保护工作提供依据和参考。
Red River barrier and Pleistocene climatic fluctuations shaped the genetic structure of Microhyla fissipes complex (Anura: Microhylidae) in southern China and Indochina
DOI:10.1093/cz/zow042 URL [本文引用: 2]
A new species of the genus Paramesotriton (Caudata: Salamandridae) from Fujian, southeastern China
DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4205.6.3 URL [本文引用: 1]
A new species of Torrent frog (Anura, Ranidae, Amolops) from the coastal hills of Southeastern China
DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.5004.1.6 URL [本文引用: 3]
A survey of amphibia and reptilia of Meihuashan Mountain area, Fujian, with an analysis of their regional faunistic composition
福建省梅花山两栖爬行动物调查及区系分析
