Abstract: Glutamate is an important neurotransmitter that initates synaptic excitation by binding to corresponding cell membrane receptors in the central nervous system ,resulting in the change of permeating cations of cell membrane and metabolic change of cell by coupling to Gproteins. Over past few years , the research in glutamate receptors and their genes suggested that glutamate receptors are diversified in structure and function due to multiple genes ,alternative splicing , RNA editing and heteromeric formation. It should be expected that investigation in glutamate receptors and their genes will provide instructive suggestion to molecular mechanism of many important brain functions and drug design for the neurodegenerative diseases related to these receptors.