Fish diversity in southwestern seas of Nansha Islands and the mouth of Beibu Bay

doi:10.17520/biods.2015203

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on fixed-point survey data in southwestern seas of Nansha Islands and the mouth of Beibu Bay in the spring and autumn of 2012 and 2013, we calculated the composition of fish species, index of relative importance (IRI) of each species, Margalef richness index (D), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), Pielou evenness index (J'), replacement index and migration index of the fish community. Results showed that a total of 504 species were identified involving 2 classes, 31 orders, 129 families, and 294 genera in the surveyed areas. There were 301 fish species in the mouth of Beibu Bay and 357 species in southwestern seas of Nansha Islands. The number of dominant species in autumn was higher than that in spring, and the number in the southwestern seas of Nansha Islands (SS) was higher than that of the mouth of Beibu Bay (SN), with an obvious seasonal fluctuation. All diversity indexes during the spring survey were higher than those of the autumn survey because of recruitment in spring and the movement of fish species to the deep sea in autumn. However, all diversity indexes of SS were higher than that of SN due to the larger effects of sea temperature and currents in the southwestern seas of Nansha Islands. Results of the replacement index and migration index showed that the fish community structure in autumn was less stable than that in spring and the community structure in the both seasons deviated from equilibrium because of fish migration and immigration and emigration of fishes with different thermophily. The integrated results showed that the species diversity and stability of fish community structure of SS were greater than those of SN. The fishery allowable catch should be controlled in a reasonable range and the fishery resources of the central and southern South China Sea should be exploited reasonably under the national supported policies. The stability of fisheries in the South China Sea is based on the high species diversity, therefore, it is also important to protect the diversity of species.

http://jtp.cnki.net/bilingual/detail/html/SWDY201602006

Key words: South China Sea, fish community structure, index of relative importance (IRI), replacement index (AI), migration index (MI)

Yuan Li, Jing Zhang, Ran Zhang, Puqing Song, Zhihui Zhong, Yanping Wang, Longshan Lin. Fish diversity in southwestern seas of Nansha Islands and the mouth of Beibu Bay[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2016, 24(2): 166-174.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2015203

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2016/V24/I2/166

Figures/Tables 6

References 30

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站位 Stations	经度 Longitude (E)	纬度 Latitude (N)
北部湾口海域 The mouth of Beibu Bay (SN)
D1	109°00′	18°00′
D2	109°00′	17°30′
D3	109°00′	17°00′
D4	109°30′	18°00′
D5	109°30′	17°30′
D6	109°30′	17°00′
D7	110°00′	18°00′
D8	110°00′	17°30′
D9	110°00′	17°00′
D39	109°30′	16°30′
D40	109°30′	16°15′
南沙群岛西南部海域 Southwestern seas of Nansha Islands (SS)
D10	109°00′	9°00′
D11	109°00′	8°30′
D12	109°00′	8°00′
D15	109°25′	7°00′
D18	109°25′	6°30′
D21	109°30′	6°00′
D25	109°30′	5°30′
D26	110°00′	5°30′
D27	110°30′	5°30′
D28	111°00′	5°30′
D29	111°30′	5°30′
D30	112°00′	5°30′
D31	109°40′	5°30′
D32	110°00′	5°15′
D33	110°15′	5°15′
D34	110°30′	5°15′
D35	111°00′	5°15′
D36	111°30′	5°15′
D37	109°00′	6°00′
D38	109°30′	5°15′

站位 Stations	经度 Longitude (E)	纬度 Latitude (N)
北部湾口海域 The mouth of Beibu Bay (SN)
D1	109°00′	18°00′
D2	109°00′	17°30′
D3	109°00′	17°00′
D4	109°30′	18°00′
D5	109°30′	17°30′
D6	109°30′	17°00′
D7	110°00′	18°00′
D8	110°00′	17°30′
D9	110°00′	17°00′
D39	109°30′	16°30′
D40	109°30′	16°15′
南沙群岛西南部海域 Southwestern seas of Nansha Islands (SS)
D10	109°00′	9°00′
D11	109°00′	8°30′
D12	109°00′	8°00′
D15	109°25′	7°00′
D18	109°25′	6°30′
D21	109°30′	6°00′
D25	109°30′	5°30′
D26	110°00′	5°30′
D27	110°30′	5°30′
D28	111°00′	5°30′
D29	111°30′	5°30′
D30	112°00′	5°30′
D31	109°40′	5°30′
D32	110°00′	5°15′
D33	110°15′	5°15′
D34	110°30′	5°15′
D35	111°00′	5°15′
D36	111°30′	5°15′
D37	109°00′	6°00′
D38	109°30′	5°15′

纲 Class	目 Order	数量 No. (%)
		科 Family	属 Genus	种 Species
软骨鱼纲 Elasmobranchii	银鲛目 Chimaeriformes	1 (0.8)	1 (0.3)	1 (0.2)
	须鲨目 Orectolobiformes	1 (0.8)	1 (0.3)	1 (0.2)
	真鲨目 Carcharhiniformes	3 (2.3)	6 (2.0)	8 (1.6)
	六鳃鲨目 Hexanchiformes	1 (0.8)	1 (0.3)	1 (0.2)
	角鲨目 Squaliformes	4 (3.1)	4 (1.4)	5 (1.0)
	扁鲨目 Squatiniformes	1 (0.8)	1 (0.3)	2 (0.4)
	电鳐目 Torpediniformes	1 (0.8)	1 (0.3)	1 (0.2)
	鳐目 Rajiformes	3 (2.3)	5 (1.7)	9 (1.8)
	鲼目 Myliobatiformes	4 (3.1)	5 (1.7)	5 (1.0)
辐鳍鱼纲 Actinopterygii	鳗鲡目 Anguilliformes	6 (4.7)	18 (6.1)	34 (6.7)
	鲱形目 Clupeiformes	3 (2.3)	4 (1.4)	5 (1.0)
	鼠鱚目 Gonorynchiformes	1 (0.8)	1 (0.3)	1 (0.2)
	水珍鱼目 Argentiniformes	2 (1.6)	3 (1.0)	3 (0.6)
	巨口鱼目 Stomiiformes	4 (3.1)	16 (5.4)	23 (4.6)
	辫鱼目 Ateleopodiformes	1 (0.8)	1 (0.3)	1 (0.2)
	仙女鱼目 Aulopiformes	3 (2.3)	5 (1.7)	18 (3.6)
	灯笼鱼目 Myctophiformes	2 (1.6)	9 (3.1)	21 (4.2)
	月鱼目 Lampriformes	1 (0.8)	1 (0.3)	1 (0.2)
	须鳂目 Polymixiiformes	1 (0.8)	1 (0.3)	1 (0.2)
	鳕形目 Gadiformes	3 (2.3)	8 (2.7)	16 (3.2)
	鼬鳚目 Ophidiiformes	1 (0.8)	8 (2.7)	10 (2.0)
	鮟鱇目 Lophiiformes	4 (3.1)	8 (2.7)	15 (3.0)
	颌针鱼目 Beloniformes	1 (0.8)	1 (0.3)	1 (0.2)
	金眼鲷目 Beryciformes	5 (3.9)	6 (2.0)	8 (1.6)
	奇金眼鲷目 Stephanoberyciformes	1 (0.8)	1 (0.3)	1 (0.2)
	海鲂目 Zeiformes	4 (3.1)	7 (2.4)	9 (1.8)
	刺鱼目 Gasetrosteiformes	2 (1.6)	2 (0.7)	3 (0.6)
	鲉形目 Scorpaeniformes	8 (6.2)	40 (13.6)	71 (14.1)
	鲈形目 Perciformes	45 (34.9)	89 (30.3)	158 (31.3)
	鲽形目 Pleuronectiformes	7 (5.4)	25 (8.5)	46 (9.1)
	鲀形目 Tetraodontiformes	5 (3.9)	15 (5.1)	25 (5.0)
合计 Total	31	129	294	504

纲 Class	目 Order	数量 No. (%)
		科 Family	属 Genus	种 Species
软骨鱼纲 Elasmobranchii	银鲛目 Chimaeriformes	1 (0.8)	1 (0.3)	1 (0.2)
	须鲨目 Orectolobiformes	1 (0.8)	1 (0.3)	1 (0.2)
	真鲨目 Carcharhiniformes	3 (2.3)	6 (2.0)	8 (1.6)
	六鳃鲨目 Hexanchiformes	1 (0.8)	1 (0.3)	1 (0.2)
	角鲨目 Squaliformes	4 (3.1)	4 (1.4)	5 (1.0)
	扁鲨目 Squatiniformes	1 (0.8)	1 (0.3)	2 (0.4)
	电鳐目 Torpediniformes	1 (0.8)	1 (0.3)	1 (0.2)
	鳐目 Rajiformes	3 (2.3)	5 (1.7)	9 (1.8)
	鲼目 Myliobatiformes	4 (3.1)	5 (1.7)	5 (1.0)
辐鳍鱼纲 Actinopterygii	鳗鲡目 Anguilliformes	6 (4.7)	18 (6.1)	34 (6.7)
	鲱形目 Clupeiformes	3 (2.3)	4 (1.4)	5 (1.0)
	鼠鱚目 Gonorynchiformes	1 (0.8)	1 (0.3)	1 (0.2)
	水珍鱼目 Argentiniformes	2 (1.6)	3 (1.0)	3 (0.6)
	巨口鱼目 Stomiiformes	4 (3.1)	16 (5.4)	23 (4.6)
	辫鱼目 Ateleopodiformes	1 (0.8)	1 (0.3)	1 (0.2)
	仙女鱼目 Aulopiformes	3 (2.3)	5 (1.7)	18 (3.6)
	灯笼鱼目 Myctophiformes	2 (1.6)	9 (3.1)	21 (4.2)
	月鱼目 Lampriformes	1 (0.8)	1 (0.3)	1 (0.2)
	须鳂目 Polymixiiformes	1 (0.8)	1 (0.3)	1 (0.2)
	鳕形目 Gadiformes	3 (2.3)	8 (2.7)	16 (3.2)
	鼬鳚目 Ophidiiformes	1 (0.8)	8 (2.7)	10 (2.0)
	鮟鱇目 Lophiiformes	4 (3.1)	8 (2.7)	15 (3.0)
	颌针鱼目 Beloniformes	1 (0.8)	1 (0.3)	1 (0.2)
	金眼鲷目 Beryciformes	5 (3.9)	6 (2.0)	8 (1.6)
	奇金眼鲷目 Stephanoberyciformes	1 (0.8)	1 (0.3)	1 (0.2)
	海鲂目 Zeiformes	4 (3.1)	7 (2.4)	9 (1.8)
	刺鱼目 Gasetrosteiformes	2 (1.6)	2 (0.7)	3 (0.6)
	鲉形目 Scorpaeniformes	8 (6.2)	40 (13.6)	71 (14.1)
	鲈形目 Perciformes	45 (34.9)	89 (30.3)	158 (31.3)
	鲽形目 Pleuronectiformes	7 (5.4)	25 (8.5)	46 (9.1)
	鲀形目 Tetraodontiformes	5 (3.9)	15 (5.1)	25 (5.0)
合计 Total	31	129	294	504

秋季 Autumn		春季 Spring		北部湾口海域 The mouth of Beibu Bay		南沙群岛西南部海域 Southwestern seas of Nansha Islands
种名 Species	IRI	种名 Species	IRI	种名 Species	IRI	种名 Species	IRI
锯棘尖牙鲈 Synagrops serratospinosus	1,826	菲律宾尖牙鲈 Synagrops philippinensis	893	竹荚鱼 Trachurus japonicus	4,111	锯棘尖牙鲈 Synagrops serratospinosus	1,646
竹荚鱼 Trachurus japonicus	1,084	深水金线鱼 Nemipterus bathybius	557	发光鲷 Acropoma japonicum	1,869	黄鳍马面鲀 Thamnaconus hypargyreus	382
发光鲷 Acropoma japonicum	555	发光鲷 Acropoma japonicum	493	蓝圆鲹 Decapterus maruadsi	1,278	单棘躄鱼 Chaunax fimbriatus	273
蓝圆鲹 Decapterus maruadsi	426	叉斑狗母鱼 Synodus macrops	472	黄鳍马面鲀 Thamnaconus hypargyreus	460	深水金线鱼 Nemipterus bathybius	237
黄鳍马面鲀 Thamnaconus hypargyreus	233	多齿蛇鲻 Saurida tumbil	465	短尾大眼鲷 Priacanthus macracanthus	225	高菱鲷 Antigonia capros	216
短尾大眼鲷 Priacanthus macracanthus	198	长蛇鲻 Saurida elongata	315	带鱼 Trichiurus lepturus	178	多齿蛇鲻 Saurida tumbil	213
尖牙鲈 Synagrops japonicus	168	鹿儿岛水珍鱼 Argentina kagoshimae	292	尖牙鲈 Synagrops japonicus	163	叉斑狗母鱼 Synodus macrops	208
密斑马面鲀 Thamnaconus tessellatus	161	短尾大眼鲷 Priacanthus macracanthus	277	细羊舌鲆 Arnoglossus tenuis	134	菲律宾尖牙鲈 Synagrops philippinensis	207
灰软鱼 Malakichthys griseus	150	南非鳄齿鱼 Champsodon capensis	262	弓背鳄齿鱼 Champsodon atridorsalis	111	短尾大眼鲷 Priacanthus macracanthus	196
日本绯鲤 Upeneus japonjcus	124	弓背鳄齿鱼 Champsodon atridorsalis	251	灰软鱼 Malakichthys griseus	101	黑鮟鱇 Lophiomus setigerus	173
		土佐副眶棘鲈 Parascolopsis tosensis	232			弓背鳄齿鱼 Champsodon atridorsalis	119
		燕赤鮨 Chelidoperca hirundinacea	226			日本绯鲤 Upeneus japonjcus	112
		单棘躄鱼 Chaunax fimbriatus	193			土佐副眶棘鲈 Parascolopsis tosensis	111
		黑鮟鱇 Lophiomus setigerus	173			燕赤鮨 Chelidoperca hirundinacea	107
		花斑蛇鲻 Saurida undosquamis	173			长蛇鲻 Saurida elongata	104
		何氏瓮鳐 Okamejei hollandi	145			大鳞拟棘鲆 Citharoides macrolepis	102
		绿尾低线鱼 Chrionema chlorotaenia	140			何氏瓮鳐 Okamejei hollandi	102
		大鳞拟棘鲆 Citharoides macrolepis	127
		细羊舌鲆 Arnoglossus tenuis	116
		胁谷软鱼 Malakichthys wakiyae	113
		密斑马面鲀	112
		Thamnaconus tessellatus