Biodiv Sci ›› 2008, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (2): 118-125. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.07339
• Original article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Ruhai Li1,2, Sheng Qiang1,*(), Duosheng Qiu3, Qiuhua Chu3, Genxing Pan4
Received:
2007-11-05
Accepted:
2008-02-14
Online:
2008-03-20
Published:
2008-02-20
Contact:
Sheng Qiang
Ruhai Li, Sheng Qiang, Duosheng Qiu, Qiuhua Chu, Genxing Pan. Effects of long-term different fertilization regimes on the diversity of weed communities in oilseed rape fields under rice-oilseed rape cropping system[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2008, 16(2): 118-125.
施肥处理 Fertilization treatment | pH | 有机碳 Organic C (g/kg) | 全氮 Total N (g/kg) | 全磷 Total P (g/kg) | 速效钾 Available K (mg/kg) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
不施肥 NoF | 6.14 | 16.10 | 1.66 | 0.24 | 81 |
纯施氮肥 NF | 6.05 | 16.38 | 1.86 | 0.25 | 82 |
单施化肥 CF | 5.94 | 16.65 | 1.87 | 0.38 | 106 |
化肥配施猪粪 CFM | 5.73 | 17.21 | 2.05 | 0.72 | 99 |
化肥配施油菜秸秆 CFO | 5.89 | 16.78 | 1.94 | 0.38 | 86 |
化肥配施水稻秸秆 CFR | 5.90 | 16.80 | 1.96 | 0.39 | 87 |
化肥配施油菜水稻秸秆 CFOR | 5.87 | 17.15 | 2.06 | 0.41 | 89 |
Table 1 Basic properties of surface layer (0-5 cm) soil in plots after 20 years of different fertilization treatments
施肥处理 Fertilization treatment | pH | 有机碳 Organic C (g/kg) | 全氮 Total N (g/kg) | 全磷 Total P (g/kg) | 速效钾 Available K (mg/kg) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
不施肥 NoF | 6.14 | 16.10 | 1.66 | 0.24 | 81 |
纯施氮肥 NF | 6.05 | 16.38 | 1.86 | 0.25 | 82 |
单施化肥 CF | 5.94 | 16.65 | 1.87 | 0.38 | 106 |
化肥配施猪粪 CFM | 5.73 | 17.21 | 2.05 | 0.72 | 99 |
化肥配施油菜秸秆 CFO | 5.89 | 16.78 | 1.94 | 0.38 | 86 |
化肥配施水稻秸秆 CFR | 5.90 | 16.80 | 1.96 | 0.39 | 87 |
化肥配施油菜水稻秸秆 CFOR | 5.87 | 17.15 | 2.06 | 0.41 | 89 |
杂草种类 Weed species | 杂草密度 Weed density (ind./m2) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NoF | NF | CF | CFM | CFO | CFR | CFOR | |
看麦娘 Alopecurus aequalis | 77.9e | 192.1d | 205.0d | 801.9c | 1,572.0a | 1,362.0b | 76.3e |
日本看麦娘 A. japonicus | 145.2a | 36.6b | - | - | 0.5d | 28.8c | - |
菵草 Beckmannia syzigachne | 59.0cd | 193.1b | 15.7e | 244.9a | 33.4de | 78.7c | 25.8e |
牛繁缕 Malachium aquaticum | - | 41.5d | 403.3a | 63.5d | 53.0d | 115.9c | 361.3b |
小飞蓬 Conyza canadensis | 6.3a | 3.1b | 1.1c | 0.3cd | 0.7cd | 0.8cd | - |
窄叶紫菀 Aster subulatus | - | - | 0.5a | - | - | - | - |
稻槎菜 Lapsana apogonoides | 5.5a | - | - | - | 1.6bc | - | - |
泥胡菜 Hemistepta lyrata | 5.7a | - | - | 0.3c | 2.3b | - | - |
鼠麴草 Gnaphalium affine | 13.7b | 21.3a | - | 0.6d | 2.7c | - | 0.4d |
野老鹳草 Geranium carolinianum | 239.9a | 122.9b | - | 28.5c | - | 5.8d | - |
朝天委陵菜 Potentilla supina | - | - | 0.3b | 0.7a | - | - | - |
荔枝草 Salvia plebeia | 0.3a | - | - | - | - | - | - |
蛇床 Cnidium monnieri | 2.9bc | 24.0a | - | 1.9cde | 0.3de | 4.9b | 2.3cd |
附地菜 Trigonotis peduncularis | - | 4.9a | - | - | - | 0.6b | - |
茴茴蒜 Ranunculus chinensis | - | 1.1a | - | - | - | 0.8a | - |
酸模叶蓼 Polygonum lapathifolium | - | 0.7a | - | - | 0.5ab | - | - |
鸭跖草 Commelina communis | - | 0.2a | - | - | - | - | - |
禾本科杂草 Grass weeds | 282.1e | 421.9d | 220.7e | 1,046.8c | 1,605.9a | 1,469.5b | 102.1f |
阔叶杂草 Broadleaf weeds | 274.5c | 219.7d | 405.2a | 95.9f | 61.1g | 128.8e | 363.9b |
所有杂草 Overall weeds | 556.5cd | 641.6c | 625.9c | 1,142.7b | 1,667.1a | 1,598.3a | 466.0d |
Table 2 Species composition and density of weeds in oilseed rape fields under long-term different fertilization treatments
杂草种类 Weed species | 杂草密度 Weed density (ind./m2) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NoF | NF | CF | CFM | CFO | CFR | CFOR | |
看麦娘 Alopecurus aequalis | 77.9e | 192.1d | 205.0d | 801.9c | 1,572.0a | 1,362.0b | 76.3e |
日本看麦娘 A. japonicus | 145.2a | 36.6b | - | - | 0.5d | 28.8c | - |
菵草 Beckmannia syzigachne | 59.0cd | 193.1b | 15.7e | 244.9a | 33.4de | 78.7c | 25.8e |
牛繁缕 Malachium aquaticum | - | 41.5d | 403.3a | 63.5d | 53.0d | 115.9c | 361.3b |
小飞蓬 Conyza canadensis | 6.3a | 3.1b | 1.1c | 0.3cd | 0.7cd | 0.8cd | - |
窄叶紫菀 Aster subulatus | - | - | 0.5a | - | - | - | - |
稻槎菜 Lapsana apogonoides | 5.5a | - | - | - | 1.6bc | - | - |
泥胡菜 Hemistepta lyrata | 5.7a | - | - | 0.3c | 2.3b | - | - |
鼠麴草 Gnaphalium affine | 13.7b | 21.3a | - | 0.6d | 2.7c | - | 0.4d |
野老鹳草 Geranium carolinianum | 239.9a | 122.9b | - | 28.5c | - | 5.8d | - |
朝天委陵菜 Potentilla supina | - | - | 0.3b | 0.7a | - | - | - |
荔枝草 Salvia plebeia | 0.3a | - | - | - | - | - | - |
蛇床 Cnidium monnieri | 2.9bc | 24.0a | - | 1.9cde | 0.3de | 4.9b | 2.3cd |
附地菜 Trigonotis peduncularis | - | 4.9a | - | - | - | 0.6b | - |
茴茴蒜 Ranunculus chinensis | - | 1.1a | - | - | - | 0.8a | - |
酸模叶蓼 Polygonum lapathifolium | - | 0.7a | - | - | 0.5ab | - | - |
鸭跖草 Commelina communis | - | 0.2a | - | - | - | - | - |
禾本科杂草 Grass weeds | 282.1e | 421.9d | 220.7e | 1,046.8c | 1,605.9a | 1,469.5b | 102.1f |
阔叶杂草 Broadleaf weeds | 274.5c | 219.7d | 405.2a | 95.9f | 61.1g | 128.8e | 363.9b |
所有杂草 Overall weeds | 556.5cd | 641.6c | 625.9c | 1,142.7b | 1,667.1a | 1,598.3a | 466.0d |
施肥处理 Fertilization treatment | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NoF | NF | CF | CFM | CFO | CFR | CFOR | |
物种丰富度 Species richness | 9.0b | 11.0a | 5.0e | 7.3d | 8.3bc | 8.0cd | 4.3e |
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index | 1.49b | 1.68a | 0.76d | 0.87c | 0.28g | 0.59f | 0.68e |
Simpson指数 Simpson index | 0.29e | 0.23f | 0.52d | 0.53d | 0.89a | 0.74b | 0.63c |
Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index | 0.68a | 0.70a | 0.48b | 0.44b | 0.13d | 0.29c | 0.47b |
Table 3 Effect of long-term different fertilization treatments on the species diversity of weed communities in oilseed rape fields
施肥处理 Fertilization treatment | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NoF | NF | CF | CFM | CFO | CFR | CFOR | |
物种丰富度 Species richness | 9.0b | 11.0a | 5.0e | 7.3d | 8.3bc | 8.0cd | 4.3e |
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index | 1.49b | 1.68a | 0.76d | 0.87c | 0.28g | 0.59f | 0.68e |
Simpson指数 Simpson index | 0.29e | 0.23f | 0.52d | 0.53d | 0.89a | 0.74b | 0.63c |
Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index | 0.68a | 0.70a | 0.48b | 0.44b | 0.13d | 0.29c | 0.47b |
杂草种类 Weed species | 综合优势度比 Summed dominance ratio | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
不施肥 NoF | 纯施氮肥 NF | 单施化肥 CF | 化肥配施猪粪 CFM | 化肥配施油菜秸秆CFO | 化肥配施水稻秸秆CFR | 化肥配施油菜水稻秸秆 CFOR | |
野老鹳草 Geranium carolinianum | 0.498a | 0.363b | - | 0.101c | - | 0.029d | - |
日本看麦娘 Alopecurus japonicus | 0.121a | 0.047c | - | - | 0.011d | 0.053b | - |
看麦娘 Alopecurus aequalis | 0.109f | 0.155e | 0.400d | 0.480c | 0.760a | 0.690b | 0.160e |
菵草 Beckmannia syzigachne | 0.107c | 0.228b | 0.057f | 0.287a | 0.073e | 0.094d | 0.092d |
鼠麴草 Gnaphalium affine | 0.060a | 0.033b | - | 0.008c | 0.024b | - | 0.006c |
泥胡菜 Hemistepta lyrata | 0.033a | - | - | 0.004c | 0.027b | - | - |
小飞蓬 Conyza canadensis | 0.029a | 0.016bc | 0.020b | 0.004ef | 0.012cd | 0.007de | - |
稻槎菜 Lapsana apogonoides | 0.026a | - | - | - | 0.012b | - | - |
蛇床 Cnidium monnieri | 0.012c | 0.061a | - | 0.023b | 0.011c | 0.020bc | 0.029b |
荔枝草 Salvia plebeia | 0.004a | - | - | - | - | - | - |
朝天委陵菜 Potentilla supina | - | - | 0.006a | 0.011ab | - | - | - |
牛繁缕 Malachium aquaticum | - | 0.060d | 0.504b | 0.082c | 0.059d | 0.091c | 0.714a |
窄叶紫菀 Aster subulatus | - | - | 0.013a | - | - | - | - |
附地菜 Trigonotis peduncularis | - | 0.014a | - | - | - | 0.007b | - |
茴茴蒜 Ranunculus chinensis | - | 0.012a | - | - | - | 0.007a | - |
酸模叶蓼 Polygonum lapathifolium | - | 0.007b | - | - | 0.011a | - | - |
鸭跖草 Commelina communis | - | 0.004a | - | - | - | - | - |
Table 4 Effect of long-term different fertilization treatments on the summed dominance ratio of weed species in oilseed rape fields
杂草种类 Weed species | 综合优势度比 Summed dominance ratio | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
不施肥 NoF | 纯施氮肥 NF | 单施化肥 CF | 化肥配施猪粪 CFM | 化肥配施油菜秸秆CFO | 化肥配施水稻秸秆CFR | 化肥配施油菜水稻秸秆 CFOR | |
野老鹳草 Geranium carolinianum | 0.498a | 0.363b | - | 0.101c | - | 0.029d | - |
日本看麦娘 Alopecurus japonicus | 0.121a | 0.047c | - | - | 0.011d | 0.053b | - |
看麦娘 Alopecurus aequalis | 0.109f | 0.155e | 0.400d | 0.480c | 0.760a | 0.690b | 0.160e |
菵草 Beckmannia syzigachne | 0.107c | 0.228b | 0.057f | 0.287a | 0.073e | 0.094d | 0.092d |
鼠麴草 Gnaphalium affine | 0.060a | 0.033b | - | 0.008c | 0.024b | - | 0.006c |
泥胡菜 Hemistepta lyrata | 0.033a | - | - | 0.004c | 0.027b | - | - |
小飞蓬 Conyza canadensis | 0.029a | 0.016bc | 0.020b | 0.004ef | 0.012cd | 0.007de | - |
稻槎菜 Lapsana apogonoides | 0.026a | - | - | - | 0.012b | - | - |
蛇床 Cnidium monnieri | 0.012c | 0.061a | - | 0.023b | 0.011c | 0.020bc | 0.029b |
荔枝草 Salvia plebeia | 0.004a | - | - | - | - | - | - |
朝天委陵菜 Potentilla supina | - | - | 0.006a | 0.011ab | - | - | - |
牛繁缕 Malachium aquaticum | - | 0.060d | 0.504b | 0.082c | 0.059d | 0.091c | 0.714a |
窄叶紫菀 Aster subulatus | - | - | 0.013a | - | - | - | - |
附地菜 Trigonotis peduncularis | - | 0.014a | - | - | - | 0.007b | - |
茴茴蒜 Ranunculus chinensis | - | 0.012a | - | - | - | 0.007a | - |
酸模叶蓼 Polygonum lapathifolium | - | 0.007b | - | - | 0.011a | - | - |
鸭跖草 Commelina communis | - | 0.004a | - | - | - | - | - |
施肥处理 Fertilization treatment | S?renson相似性指数 S?renson similarity index | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NoF | NF | CF | CFM | CFO | CFR | CFOR | |
不施肥 NoF | 0.528 | 0.160 | 0.199 | 0.107 | 0.163 | 0.204 | |
纯施氮肥 NF | 0.668 | 0.395 | 0.517 | 0.235 | 0.316 | 0.264 | |
单施化肥 CF | 0.435 | 0.571 | 0.323 | 0.239 | 0.303 | 0.830 | |
化肥配施猪粪 CFM | 0.597 | 0.625 | 0.600 | 0.631 | 0.692 | 0.209 | |
化肥配施油菜秸秆 CFO | 0.763 | 0.471 | 0.545 | 0.462 | 0.888 | 0.146 | |
化肥配施水稻秸秆 CFR | 0.629 | 0.824 | 0.727 | 0.769 | 0.429 | 0.213 | |
化肥配施油菜水稻秸秆 CFOR | 0.443 | 0.571 | 0.750 | 0.800 | 0.545 | 0.727 |
Table 5 S?renson similarity index of weed communities among long-term different fertilization treatments in oilseed rape fields (above diagonal: quantitative measure; below diagonal: qualitative measure)
施肥处理 Fertilization treatment | S?renson相似性指数 S?renson similarity index | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NoF | NF | CF | CFM | CFO | CFR | CFOR | |
不施肥 NoF | 0.528 | 0.160 | 0.199 | 0.107 | 0.163 | 0.204 | |
纯施氮肥 NF | 0.668 | 0.395 | 0.517 | 0.235 | 0.316 | 0.264 | |
单施化肥 CF | 0.435 | 0.571 | 0.323 | 0.239 | 0.303 | 0.830 | |
化肥配施猪粪 CFM | 0.597 | 0.625 | 0.600 | 0.631 | 0.692 | 0.209 | |
化肥配施油菜秸秆 CFO | 0.763 | 0.471 | 0.545 | 0.462 | 0.888 | 0.146 | |
化肥配施水稻秸秆 CFR | 0.629 | 0.824 | 0.727 | 0.769 | 0.429 | 0.213 | |
化肥配施油菜水稻秸秆 CFOR | 0.443 | 0.571 | 0.750 | 0.800 | 0.545 | 0.727 |
Fig. 1 The dendrogram of the weed communities in oilseed rape fields under long-term different fertilization treatments from clustering analysis based on Bray Curtis index. NoF, NF, CF, CFM, CFO, CFR and CFOR correspond to the fertilization treatments in Table 1.
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