Biodiv Sci ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (12): 1483-1495. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020328
• Special Feature: Biodiversity Conservation along the Yellow River • Previous Articles Next Articles
Yuxi Wang1, Yanbo Xie1, Nyambayar Batbayar5, Baoguang Zhu4, Shubin Dong4, Anna Barma7, Anton Sasin6, Lei Cao2,3,*()
Received:
2020-08-16
Accepted:
2021-01-18
Online:
2020-12-20
Published:
2021-01-27
Contact:
Lei Cao
Yuxi Wang, Yanbo Xie, Nyambayar Batbayar, Baoguang Zhu, Shubin Dong, Anna Barma, Anton Sasin, Lei Cao. Discussion of existing protection for three waterbirds’ habitats in the Yellow River basin nature reserves, based on satellite tracking[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2020, 28(12): 1483-1495.
Fig. 1 The map of the migration route of three waterbirds by tracking their life history. (A) The spring and autumn migration routes of 6 Bar-headed Geese. The breeding area is Mongolia, and the wintering areas are Shigatse of Tibet of China and India/Bangladesh. The Species mainly stops in the Yellow River basin. (B) The spring and autumn migration routes of 5 Eurasian Spoonbills. The breeding area is Mongolia, the wintering area is the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and it stops or spends summer in the Yellow River basin during migration. (C) The spring and autumn migration routes of 10 Oriental Storks, overwintering in the Yellow River basin. The red line represents the autumn migration route, the yellow line represents the spring migration route, the inverted triangle represents the summering sites, the forward triangle represents the wintering sites, the green circle represents the location and period of the stopover in the Yellow River basin, the blue line represents the Yellow River and the Yangtze River and the light blue shadow represents the Yellow River basin (Jiang, 2015).
物种 Species | 种群 Population | 季节 Season | 黄河流域内时长 Staging in YRB (d) | 迁徙时长 Migration duration (d) | 时间占比 Percentage | 利用类型 Utilization type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
斑头雁 Bar-headed Goose | 蒙古国-中国日喀则 MtoT | 秋季 Autumn | 111.2 | 149 | 75.3% | 停歇地 Stopover site |
春季 Spring | 25.3 | 62.2 | 40.7% | |||
蒙古国-印度/孟加拉国 MtoA | 秋季 Autumn | 109.8 | 401.9 | 27.3% | 停歇地 Stopover site | |
春季 Spring | 0 | 40.7 | 0.0% | |||
白琵鹭 Eurasian Spoonbill | 蒙古国-长江 Mongolia-Yangtze River | 秋季 Autumn | 172.9 | 466.2 | 37.1% | 停歇地 Stopover site |
春季 Spring | 32.9 | 39.1 | 84.1% | |||
- | 321.4 | - | 100.0% | 度夏地 Summering site | ||
东方白鹳 Oriental Stork | 黑龙江繁殖种群 Heilongjiang breeding population | - | 1351.7 | - | 100.0% | 越冬地 Wintering site |
Table 1 Activities and utilization types of three migratory waterbirds in the Yellow River basin (YRB)
物种 Species | 种群 Population | 季节 Season | 黄河流域内时长 Staging in YRB (d) | 迁徙时长 Migration duration (d) | 时间占比 Percentage | 利用类型 Utilization type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
斑头雁 Bar-headed Goose | 蒙古国-中国日喀则 MtoT | 秋季 Autumn | 111.2 | 149 | 75.3% | 停歇地 Stopover site |
春季 Spring | 25.3 | 62.2 | 40.7% | |||
蒙古国-印度/孟加拉国 MtoA | 秋季 Autumn | 109.8 | 401.9 | 27.3% | 停歇地 Stopover site | |
春季 Spring | 0 | 40.7 | 0.0% | |||
白琵鹭 Eurasian Spoonbill | 蒙古国-长江 Mongolia-Yangtze River | 秋季 Autumn | 172.9 | 466.2 | 37.1% | 停歇地 Stopover site |
春季 Spring | 32.9 | 39.1 | 84.1% | |||
- | 321.4 | - | 100.0% | 度夏地 Summering site | ||
东方白鹳 Oriental Stork | 黑龙江繁殖种群 Heilongjiang breeding population | - | 1351.7 | - | 100.0% | 越冬地 Wintering site |
Fig. 2 Density diagram of the sites of three waterbirds in the Yellow River basin. (A) and (B) showed the important habitats of the MtoT population and the MtoA population of the Bar-headed Goose; (C) showed the important habitat of the Eurasian Spoonbill; (D) showed the important habitat of the Oriental Stork. The blue line is the Yellow River, the white line is the boundary of the Yellow River basin, and the area shaded by the green grid is the Yellow River basin nature reserves. The site density of the Yellow River basin is marked with 3% (blue), 3%?10% (green), 10%?20% (yellow), 20%?50% (orange) and 50%?100% (red) (Jiang, 2015).
Fig. 3 The home range of three waterbirds in the Zhaling-Eling lake (A), Muli Town (B), Hetao Plain (C), and the Yellow River Delta (D). The black shade, the yellow shade and the red shade are 90%, 75%, and 50% of the home range fitted. The blue line is the Yellow River, the green grid shaded area is the Yellow River basin nature reserves, the white line area is the boundary of the Yellow River basin, and the blue area is the lakes.
物种 Species | 栖息地 Habitat | 农田 Cropland | 森林 Forest | 草地 Grassland | 灌丛 Shrubland | 湿地 Wetland | 水体 Water | 人工地表 Artificial surface | 裸地 Bare land |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
斑头雁 Bar-headed Goose | 木里镇 Muli Town | 0.0% | 0.0% | 49.0% | 0.0% | 2.3% | 22.5% | 0.0% | 26.2% |
扎陵湖-鄂陵湖 Zhaling-Eling lake | 0.0% | 0.0% | 50.9% | 0.0% | 6.4% | 14.7% | 0.0% | 28.0% | |
50%家域 Home range-50% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 84.9% | 0.0% | 0.5% | 1.2% | 0.0% | 13.4% | |
75%家域 Home range-75% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 74.4% | 0.0% | 0.3% | 5.7% | 0.0% | 19.6% | |
90%家域 Home range-90% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 66.8% | 0.0% | 0.6% | 7.7% | 0.0% | 24.9% | |
白琵鹭 Eurasian Spoonbill | 河套平原 Hetao Plain | 42.1% | 0.7% | 19.8% | 0.0% | 19.6% | 11.1% | 3.3% | 3.4% |
50%家域 Home range-50% | 55.2% | 0.1% | 7.4% | 2.2% | 1.1% | 1.6% | 3.9% | 28.5% | |
75%家域 Home range-75% | 34.5% | 1.5% | 13.9% | 1.3% | 0.8% | 1.5% | 2.5% | 44.0% | |
90%家域 Home range-90% | 31.7% | 2.7% | 27.7% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.9% | 3.8% | 32.3% | |
东方白鹳 Oriental Stork | 黄河三角洲 Yellow River Delta | 34.5% | 0.0% | 4.5% | 0.0% | 49.8% | 4.60% | 6.6% | 0.0% |
50%家域 Home range-50% | 69.8% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 14.3% | 15.7% | 0.0% | |
75%家域 Home range-75% | 61.0% | 0.0% | 0.6% | 0.0% | 0.6% | 24.0% | 13.7% | 0.1% | |
90%家域 Home range-90% | 64.5% | 0.0% | 3.3% | 0.0% | 2.7% | 19.1% | 8.1% | 2.3% |
Table 2 Three important habitats of waterbirds in the Yellow River basin and land use in their home ranges
物种 Species | 栖息地 Habitat | 农田 Cropland | 森林 Forest | 草地 Grassland | 灌丛 Shrubland | 湿地 Wetland | 水体 Water | 人工地表 Artificial surface | 裸地 Bare land |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
斑头雁 Bar-headed Goose | 木里镇 Muli Town | 0.0% | 0.0% | 49.0% | 0.0% | 2.3% | 22.5% | 0.0% | 26.2% |
扎陵湖-鄂陵湖 Zhaling-Eling lake | 0.0% | 0.0% | 50.9% | 0.0% | 6.4% | 14.7% | 0.0% | 28.0% | |
50%家域 Home range-50% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 84.9% | 0.0% | 0.5% | 1.2% | 0.0% | 13.4% | |
75%家域 Home range-75% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 74.4% | 0.0% | 0.3% | 5.7% | 0.0% | 19.6% | |
90%家域 Home range-90% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 66.8% | 0.0% | 0.6% | 7.7% | 0.0% | 24.9% | |
白琵鹭 Eurasian Spoonbill | 河套平原 Hetao Plain | 42.1% | 0.7% | 19.8% | 0.0% | 19.6% | 11.1% | 3.3% | 3.4% |
50%家域 Home range-50% | 55.2% | 0.1% | 7.4% | 2.2% | 1.1% | 1.6% | 3.9% | 28.5% | |
75%家域 Home range-75% | 34.5% | 1.5% | 13.9% | 1.3% | 0.8% | 1.5% | 2.5% | 44.0% | |
90%家域 Home range-90% | 31.7% | 2.7% | 27.7% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.9% | 3.8% | 32.3% | |
东方白鹳 Oriental Stork | 黄河三角洲 Yellow River Delta | 34.5% | 0.0% | 4.5% | 0.0% | 49.8% | 4.60% | 6.6% | 0.0% |
50%家域 Home range-50% | 69.8% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 14.3% | 15.7% | 0.0% | |
75%家域 Home range-75% | 61.0% | 0.0% | 0.6% | 0.0% | 0.6% | 24.0% | 13.7% | 0.1% | |
90%家域 Home range-90% | 64.5% | 0.0% | 3.3% | 0.0% | 2.7% | 19.1% | 8.1% | 2.3% |
家域范围 Home range | 面积 Area (km2) | 重叠面积 Overlapping area (km2) | 重叠率 Overlapping rate | |
---|---|---|---|---|
斑头雁 Bar-headed Goose | 50% | 370.9 | 370.9 | 100.0% |
75% | 1,427.1 | 1,427.1 | 100.0% | |
90% | 3,394.6 | 3,386.1 | 99.8% | |
白琵鹭 Eurasian Spoonbill | 50% | 6,428.4 | 105.2 | 1.6% |
75% | 31,660.7 | 951.6 | 3.0% | |
90% | 63,064.6 | 3,090.4 | 4.9% | |
东方白鹳 Oriental Stork | 50% | 8.1 | 0.0 | 0.0% |
75% | 91.7 | 27.2 | 29.6% | |
90% | 330.6 | 76.6 | 23.2% |
Table 3 Overlapping in the Yellow River basin nature reserves and home ranges of three waterfowl
家域范围 Home range | 面积 Area (km2) | 重叠面积 Overlapping area (km2) | 重叠率 Overlapping rate | |
---|---|---|---|---|
斑头雁 Bar-headed Goose | 50% | 370.9 | 370.9 | 100.0% |
75% | 1,427.1 | 1,427.1 | 100.0% | |
90% | 3,394.6 | 3,386.1 | 99.8% | |
白琵鹭 Eurasian Spoonbill | 50% | 6,428.4 | 105.2 | 1.6% |
75% | 31,660.7 | 951.6 | 3.0% | |
90% | 63,064.6 | 3,090.4 | 4.9% | |
东方白鹳 Oriental Stork | 50% | 8.1 | 0.0 | 0.0% |
75% | 91.7 | 27.2 | 29.6% | |
90% | 330.6 | 76.6 | 23.2% |
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