Abstract: In a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest nearby Dujiangyan City, Sichuan Province, Southwest China, we investigated seedling establishment of six nut-bearing tree species with and without enclosure protection and seed burial, with the aim of determining the impact of these treatments on seed survival and seedling establishment. At the same time, we studied population dynamics of seed-eating rodents in the autumn and the following spring. The results showed that, without enclosure protection, most of the seeds were predated due to high predation pressure in the autumn. The emergence rate of seedlings of all the studied species significantly increased under autumn protection, complete protection, and 1–4 cm burial under soil covered by litter. Effects may reflect the seasonal dynamics of rodent abundance and the characteristics of the seeds. We conclude that taking effective measures such as enclosure protection and seed burial according to seasonal dynamics of rodent population would promote survival after direct seeding.