VORTEX model, as a computer simulation tool for wildlife population viability assessment (PVA), has beenused extensively on some endangered species management and conservation. In this paper, the VORTEX'sorigination and features are introduced, and the PVA for Chinese River Dolphin in wild is completed byusing VORTEX. The simulation model shows that, at high or medium mortality level, the probability ofextinction for Chinese River Dolphin is 1. 0 or around 0. 5 within the next 100 years. However, theextinction process could take longer than 100 years at low mortality level, and might not occur at very lowmortality level. The starting population size has a small impact on the mean time to extinction of thisspecies, but no effect on the population growth rate (r). The values of r is - 0. 07, - 0. 04, and - 0. 02respectively at high, medium, and low mortality level.