Spatial variation of non-structural carbohydrates in the leaves of dominant tree species and ecological driving factors in a karst seasonal rainforest

doi:10.17520/biods.2024325

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims: Non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) serve as a crucial indicator for plant carbon balance and their response to external environmental changes. This study aims to elucidate the spatial variability of NSC and its ecological drivers in dominant plant species within the northern tropical karst seasonal rainforest.

Methods: This study analyzed the leaf NSC content and its components (soluble sugars and starch) in 165 individuals across 31 dominant tree species in various habitat conditions (depression, middle slope, and peak). A Bayesian phylogenetic mixed-effects model was applied to partition NSC variation into two components related to species phylogeny and unrelated factors. The relationships of these components with topography, soil properties, biotic community characteristics, as well as leaf functional traits were explored.

Results: (1) Significant spatial differences in leaf NSC content and its components were observed, with the peak showing the highest NSC content, followed by the middle slope and the depression having the lowest values. (2) The phylogenetic background of species explained 53.97%, 58.23%, and 57.88% of the total variation in NSC, starch, and soluble sugars, respectively, while ecological factors explained 48.85%, 32.54%, and 32.64% of the total variation in these three components. Notably, ecological factors influenced soluble sugar variation more through phylogenetic pathways (23.15%) and starch variation more through non-phylogenetic pathways (26.89%). (3) Factors such as leaf thickness, wood density, slope aspect (north vs. south), specific leaf area, mean DBH of community, mean elevation, and chlorophyll content had significant positive effects on NSC accumulation. In contrast, the sum of community basal area and total soil carbon exhibited significant negative effects.

Conclusions: The spatial variation in leaf NSC of dominant tree species in karst seasonal rainforests is profoundly influenced by both species’ genetic and evolutionary backgrounds and the integrated effects of ecological factors. This reflects significant adaptive differentiation in carbon acquisition, storage, and utilization strategies among plants in different habitats, providing new insights into carbon cycling mechanisms in karst ecosystems and the adaptation strategies of plants.

Key words: karst peak-cluster depression, Bayesian phylogenetic mixed-effects model, resource island theory, karst dynamic system, phylogenetic conservatism trait

Bin Wang, Yiqian Zhong, Meixue Yang, Miaorui Wu, Yanping Wang, Fang Lu, Wanglan Tao, Jianxing Li, Hongming Zhao, Shengyuan Liu, Wusheng Xiang, Xiankun Li. Spatial variation of non-structural carbohydrates in the leaves of dominant tree species and ecological driving factors in a karst seasonal rainforest[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(12): 24325.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2024325

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2024/V32/I12/24325

Figures/Tables 7

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序号 No.	山顶 Peak	中坡 Middle slope	洼地 Depression
1	山榄叶柿 Diospyros siderophylla	广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensis	中国无忧花 Saraca dives
2	毛叶铁榄 Sinosideroxylon pedunculatum var. pubifolium	肥牛树 Cephalomappa sinensis	假玉桂 Celtis timorensis
3	清香木 Pistacia weinmanniifolia	苹婆 Sterculia monosperma	对叶榕 Ficus hispida
4	细叶谷木 Memecylon scutellatum	蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense	广西棋子豆 Archidendron guangxiensis
5	黄梨木 Boniodendron minus	闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus	日本五月茶 Antidesma japonicum
6	鱼骨木 Psydrax dicocca	密花核果木 Drypetes congestiflora	假肥牛树 Cleistanthus petelotii
7	剑叶龙血树 Dracaena cochinchinensis	网脉核果木 Drypetes perreticulata	海南大风子 Hydnocarpus hainanensis
8	米念芭 Tirpitzia ovoidea	割舌树 Walsura robusta	三角车 Rinorea bengalensis
9	齿叶黄皮 Clausena dunniana	榕树 Ficus microcarpa	甜菜树 Yunnanopilia longistaminea
10	子楝树 Decaspermum grcilentum	浆果楝 Cipadessa baccifera	秋枫 Bischofia javanica
11	金丝李 Garcinia paucinervis	金丝李 Garcinia paucinervis	金丝李 Garcinia paucinervis

序号 No.	山顶 Peak	中坡 Middle slope	洼地 Depression
1	山榄叶柿 Diospyros siderophylla	广西牡荆 Vitex kwangsiensis	中国无忧花 Saraca dives
2	毛叶铁榄 Sinosideroxylon pedunculatum var. pubifolium	肥牛树 Cephalomappa sinensis	假玉桂 Celtis timorensis
3	清香木 Pistacia weinmanniifolia	苹婆 Sterculia monosperma	对叶榕 Ficus hispida
4	细叶谷木 Memecylon scutellatum	蚬木 Excentrodendron tonkinense	广西棋子豆 Archidendron guangxiensis
5	黄梨木 Boniodendron minus	闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus	日本五月茶 Antidesma japonicum
6	鱼骨木 Psydrax dicocca	密花核果木 Drypetes congestiflora	假肥牛树 Cleistanthus petelotii
7	剑叶龙血树 Dracaena cochinchinensis	网脉核果木 Drypetes perreticulata	海南大风子 Hydnocarpus hainanensis
8	米念芭 Tirpitzia ovoidea	割舌树 Walsura robusta	三角车 Rinorea bengalensis
9	齿叶黄皮 Clausena dunniana	榕树 Ficus microcarpa	甜菜树 Yunnanopilia longistaminea
10	子楝树 Decaspermum grcilentum	浆果楝 Cipadessa baccifera	秋枫 Bischofia javanica
11	金丝李 Garcinia paucinervis	金丝李 Garcinia paucinervis	金丝李 Garcinia paucinervis

生态因子 Ecological factors	山顶 Peak	中坡 Middle slope	洼地 Depression
平均海拔 Average elevation (m)	338.69 ± 11.53^a	273.76 ± 25.18^b	210.99 ± 20.13^c
南北坡向 North-south aspect (°)	0.24 ± 0.26^a	-0.04 ± 0.36^b	-0.02 ± 0.60^b
土壤总碳 Total soil carbon (g/kg)	66.24 ± 17.12^a	56.46 ± 9.36^b	53.91 ± 12.08^b
pH	6.89 ± 0.34^b	6.92 ± 0.42^b	7.23 ± 0.26^a
群落丰富度 Community richness	31.67 ± 4.58^a	26.87 ± 6.27^b	23.35 ± 6.06^c
群落平均胸径 Mean DBH of community (cm)	5.44 ± 0.42^a	5.57 ± 0.83^a	5.27 ± 0.75^a
群落最大高度 Maximum community height (m)	13.84 ± 2.96^c	16.59 ± 3.80^b	19.59 ± 3.76^a
群落胸高断面积之和 Sum of community basal area (cm²)	10,434.27 ± 1,411.85^b	11,889.36 ± 3,434.34^a	9,890.07 ± 2,796.09^b
叶片厚度 Leaf thickness (mm)	0.24 ± 0.11^ab	0.21 ± 0.08^b	0.28 ± 0.10^a
比叶面积 Specific leaf area (cm²/g)	95.77 ± 62.11^b	117.18 ± 65.58^ab	128.9 ± 59.26^a
叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll content (SPAD)	55.23 ± 10.88^a	49.97 ± 9.89^b	50.83 ± 8.31^b
植物高度 Plant height (m)	5.9 ± 2.10^a	6.75 ± 3.54^a	6.99 ± 3.45^a
枝条木质密度 Wood density of branches (g/cm³)	0.75 ± 0.10^a	0.56 ± 0.21^b	0.57 ± 0.18^b

生态因子 Ecological factors	山顶 Peak	中坡 Middle slope	洼地 Depression
平均海拔 Average elevation (m)	338.69 ± 11.53^a	273.76 ± 25.18^b	210.99 ± 20.13^c
南北坡向 North-south aspect (°)	0.24 ± 0.26^a	-0.04 ± 0.36^b	-0.02 ± 0.60^b
土壤总碳 Total soil carbon (g/kg)	66.24 ± 17.12^a	56.46 ± 9.36^b	53.91 ± 12.08^b
pH	6.89 ± 0.34^b	6.92 ± 0.42^b	7.23 ± 0.26^a
群落丰富度 Community richness	31.67 ± 4.58^a	26.87 ± 6.27^b	23.35 ± 6.06^c
群落平均胸径 Mean DBH of community (cm)	5.44 ± 0.42^a	5.57 ± 0.83^a	5.27 ± 0.75^a
群落最大高度 Maximum community height (m)	13.84 ± 2.96^c	16.59 ± 3.80^b	19.59 ± 3.76^a
群落胸高断面积之和 Sum of community basal area (cm²)	10,434.27 ± 1,411.85^b	11,889.36 ± 3,434.34^a	9,890.07 ± 2,796.09^b
叶片厚度 Leaf thickness (mm)	0.24 ± 0.11^ab	0.21 ± 0.08^b	0.28 ± 0.10^a
比叶面积 Specific leaf area (cm²/g)	95.77 ± 62.11^b	117.18 ± 65.58^ab	128.9 ± 59.26^a
叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll content (SPAD)	55.23 ± 10.88^a	49.97 ± 9.89^b	50.83 ± 8.31^b
植物高度 Plant height (m)	5.9 ± 2.10^a	6.75 ± 3.54^a	6.99 ± 3.45^a
枝条木质密度 Wood density of branches (g/cm³)	0.75 ± 0.10^a	0.56 ± 0.21^b	0.57 ± 0.18^b