Assessment of the space neighborhood effect on nature reserves based on temporal and spatial changes of artificial objects: a case study on Shapotou National Nature Reserve

doi:10.17520/biods.2017134

Abstract

Abstract:

It has been shown that the established nature reserves will affect the surrounding ecological environment, that is, the space neighborhood effect on nature reserves. At present, the ecological environment of the surrounding areas of some nature reserves has changed greatly, especially in the temporal and spatial changes of artificial objects. To study the space neighborhood effect on nature reserves based on temporal and spatial changes of artificial objects will do significant help to maintain the survival and safety of nature reserve and its protected objects. To analyze the variation intervals of the space neighborhood effect and the distance scale, and to identify the driving factors, we chose Ningxia Shapotou National Nature Reserve as a case study. We divided the study area within a range of 20 km around the nature reserve, extracted the artificial objects from the remote image analysis between 1990 and 2015, and used Mann-Kendall trend analysis and driving factor correlation test analysis, to assess the space neighborhood effect of nature reserves based on temporal and spatial changes in artificial objects. Results showed that the areas and patterns of artificial objects were expanding, which meant the impacts of human activities were increasing over time. In addition, the space neighborhood effect was most evident with increases in time and decreases in the distance scale. Trends in the space neighborhood effect were divided into three descending intervals, and the driving factors differed. In the first interval (1-5 km), the trend was occasionally significant, and shelter forest was the main driving factor. In the second interval (6-10 km), significance of the descending trend could be observed, and building became the driving factor. Lastly, the driving factor was farming, and a very significant descending trend was found in the third interval (11-20 km). Since the establishment of the Ningxia Shapotou National Nature Reserve, its surrounding land-use changes are significantly influenced by human activities, which needs attention.

http://jtp.cnki.net/bilingual/detail/html/SWDY201710014

Key words: nature reserves, space neighborhood effect, spillover, leakage, trend analysis

Fangzheng Liu, Peng Zhang, Yubo Zhang, Bing Chen, Jinhong Du, Wei Wang, Junsheng Li. Assessment of the space neighborhood effect on nature reserves based on temporal and spatial changes of artificial objects: a case study on Shapotou National Nature Reserve[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2017, 25(10): 1105-1113.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2017134

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2017/V25/I10/1105

Figures/Tables 6

References 36

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	1990	1995	2000	2005	2010	2015
防护林 Shelter forest	17,498	10,536	13,592	23,990	21,878	22,200
天然草地 Natural grassland	38,971	41,608	34,462	34,742	35,026	38,393
农田 Farm	21,027	24,132	22,315	16,619	24,738	25,056
荒漠 Desert	224,391	225,600	230,718	224,165	213,015	203,397
河流 River	1,868	1,858	1,858	1,858	1,858	1,858
湖泊 Lake	195	195	885	1,246	1,592	1,479
城镇用地 Building	712	733	832	2,041	6,512	9,202
能源用地 Solar energy	0	0	0	0	42	3,076
总计 Total	304,661	304,661	304,661	304,661	304,661	304,661

	1990	1995	2000	2005	2010	2015
防护林 Shelter forest	17,498	10,536	13,592	23,990	21,878	22,200
天然草地 Natural grassland	38,971	41,608	34,462	34,742	35,026	38,393
农田 Farm	21,027	24,132	22,315	16,619	24,738	25,056
荒漠 Desert	224,391	225,600	230,718	224,165	213,015	203,397
河流 River	1,868	1,858	1,858	1,858	1,858	1,858
湖泊 Lake	195	195	885	1,246	1,592	1,479
城镇用地 Building	712	733	832	2,041	6,512	9,202
能源用地 Solar energy	0	0	0	0	42	3,076
总计 Total	304,661	304,661	304,661	304,661	304,661	304,661

	距离尺度 Distance scale (km)	1990	1995	2000	2005	2010	2015
第一区间 1st interval	1-5	-0.73	-0.73	-1.96	-2.20^*	-1.47	-2.20^*
第二区间 2nd interval	6-10	-2.20^*	-1.96	-1.96	-1.96	-2.20^*	-2.20^*
第三区间 3rd interval	11-20	-3.22^**	-3.22^**	-3.22^**	-3.22^**	-3.58^**	-3.58^**

	距离尺度 Distance scale (km)	1990	1995	2000	2005	2010	2015
第一区间 1st interval	1-5	-0.73	-0.73	-1.96	-2.20^*	-1.47	-2.20^*
第二区间 2nd interval	6-10	-2.20^*	-1.96	-1.96	-1.96	-2.20^*	-2.20^*
第三区间 3rd interval	11-20	-3.22^**	-3.22^**	-3.22^**	-3.22^**	-3.58^**	-3.58^**

		1990						1995						2000
		防护林 Shelter forest			农田 Farm		城镇用地 Building	防护林 Shelter forest		农田 Farm		城镇用地 Building		防护林 Shelter forest		农田 Farm	城镇用地 Building
第一区间 1st interval		0.855			-0.527		0.767	0.713		-0.418		0.773		0.848		-0.381	0.955^*
第二区间 2nd interval		0.949^*			0.871		0.904^*	0.996^**		0.939^*		0.993^**		0.645		0.907^*	0.994^**
第三区间 3rd interval		0.449			0.936^**		-0.013	0.682^*		0.977^**		-0.399		0.887^**		0.713^*	-0.273
全区间 Entire interval		0.959^**			0.594^**		0.635^**	0.786^**		0.756^**		0.606^**		0.869^**		0.720^**	0.689^**
	2005					2010							2015
	防护林 Shelter forest		农田 Farm	城镇用地 Building		防护林 Shelter forest		农田 Farm	城镇用地 Building		能源用地 Solar energy		防护林 Shelter forest		农田 Farm	城镇用地 Building	能源用地 Solar energy
第一区间 1st interval	0.993^**		-0.620	0.649		0.638		-0.404	0.647		0.973^**		0.962^**		0.110	0.186	-0.583
第二区间 2nd interval	0.602		0.892^*	0.473		0.957^*		0.530	0.948^*		-		0.987^**		-0.038	0.891^*	0.901^*
第三区间 3rd interval	0.846^**		0.729^*	-		0.618		0.912^**	0.073		-		0.794^**		0.903^**	0.751^*	0.041
全区间 Entire interval	0.985^**		0.538^*	0.610^**		0.959^**		0.360	0.662^**		0.490^*		0.976^**		0.533^*	0.489^*	0.830^**