Abstract: The pattern and causes of poaching in Maolan Nature Reserve were investigated by surveys ,questionnaires and PRA ( Participatory Rural Appraisal) . The species listed on state protection lists and local protection lists and other species were targeted by poaching. The poachers mainly consisted of males from 10 to 70 years old. The main reasons for poaching were poverty , undeveloped economy and protection of livestock , poultry and crops from damage by wildlife. The income from poaching activities was used for daily necessities and childrens′education. Measure for cont rolling poaching included improving the local economicst ructure and traditional production regime.