Plant mating system is theoretically considered as a significant factor which has the most apparent effects on population genetic structure.Therefore,it is practically useful in plant breeding and the conservation of endangered species.In this paper,the meaning and definition of mating system was discussed and the past research on mating system was reviewed, including traditional and model methods. The relationship between  mating  system  and genetic structure of population was then discussed in detail. Mating  system plays an important role in  endangered  species  evolution  and  adaptation.Detailed  knowledge  about  mating  system  is  greatly   helpful   in   the conservation and breeding of such species in situ and ex situ.