无机肥料是青海塔拉滩光伏电站植被恢复过程中的限制性因子

doi:10.17520/biods.2022100

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

青藏高原因其独特的地理单元、广袤的荒漠及丰富的太阳能资源(太阳辐射强且多、日照时间长), 在光伏电站建设及“碳中和”实现中具有重要的区位优势。光伏电站建设能够改变局域环境进而影响植被生长, 但光伏电站植被恢复的关键限制性因子尚不清楚。本研究以青藏高原东缘塔拉滩荒漠草原光伏电站为研究对象, 探究益生微生物、无机肥料(氮肥和磷肥)和微量元素3种限制性因子及其交互效应对光伏电站光伏电板下植被特征(群落盖度、地上生物量和物种丰富度)的短期影响。研究结果表明: (1)添加无机肥料显著增加群落盖度(F_1,5 = 40.598; P < 0.001), 降低物种丰富度(F_1,5 = 5.133; P = 0.026), 但对地上生物量无显著影响(F_1,5 = 0.279; P = 0.599); 而微生物菌剂和微量元素复合剂则对群落盖度、地上生物量和物种丰富度均无显著影响; (2)多重比较证实无机肥料、微生物菌剂和微量元素复合剂的混合添加使得光伏电板外和光伏电板下群落盖度均达到各实验处理组合中的最大值, 最利于植被恢复。本研究表明无机肥料是青海塔拉滩光伏电站建设后限制植被生长的重要因子, 但微生物菌剂和微量元素在促进植被生长方面仍然发挥着不可替代的作用。因此, 它们一起添加更能有效加速荒漠生态系统光伏电板下的植被恢复。

关键词: 荒漠草原, 光伏电站, 植物恢复, 限制因子, 交互效应

Abstract

Amis: With its unique geographical condition, vast desert and abundant solar energy resources (strong and abundant solar radiation and long sunshine duration), the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau comprises an important region with multiple advantages in constructing photovoltaic power stations for realizing carbon neutrality. However, the key factors that limit vegetation restoration after such station construction remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to examine how three factors (inorganic fertilizer, microbial inoculum and trace element) affect vegetation restoration under photovoltaic panels.

Methods: Experiments were conducted in the Qinghai Tala Shoal desert steppe ecosystem. A full-factor interaction experiment was carried out to explore the short-term effect of limiting factors including microbial inoculum, inorganic fertilizers (nitrogen and phosphorus) and trace elements, as well as their interaction on the vegetation characteristics (including community cover, aboveground biomass and species richness).

Results: The inorganic fertilizers significantly increased community cover (F_1,5 = 40.598; P < 0.001), decreased plant species richness (F_1,5 = 5.133; P = 0.026), but had no significant effect on aboveground biomass (F_1,5 = 0.279; P = 0.599). Based on Tukey’s honestly significant difference test, the mixed addition of inorganic fertilizers, microbial inoculants and trace elements reached the maximum value in community cover for both under and outside the photovoltaic panels.

Conclusions: These experiments suggested that inorganic fertilizer is a major factor limiting vegetation restoration under photovoltaic panels, while microbial inoculants and trace elements also play irreplaceable roles in promoting vegetation restoration. Therefore, all of them should be together supplemented for effectively restoring vegetation under photovoltaic panels.

Key words: desert steppe, photovoltaic power station, vegetation restoration, limiting factor, interaction effect

刘向, 张鹏, 刘建全 (2022) 无机肥料是青海塔拉滩光伏电站植被恢复过程中的限制性因子. 生物多样性, 30, 22100. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022100.

Xiang Liu, Peng Zhang, Jianquan Liu (2022) Inorganic fertilizers are limiting factors of vegetation restoration of Qinghai Tala Shoal Photovoltaic Power Station. Biodiversity Science, 30, 22100. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022100.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022100

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2022/V30/I5/22100

图/表 4

图1 青海塔拉滩光伏电站鸟瞰(a)和实验设计图(b)。CK: 对照; IF: 无机肥料; MI: 微生物菌剂; TE: 微量元素复合剂; IF + MI: 无机肥料+微生物菌剂; IF + TE: 无机肥料+微量元素复合剂; MI + TE: 微生物菌剂+微量元素复合剂; IF + MI + TE: 无机肥料+微生物菌剂+微量元素复合剂。图中样方内大写英文字母代表不同区块, 蓝色代表光伏电板下, 黄色代表光伏电板外。照片由张鹏拍摄(使用大疆御Mavic Air 2)。

Fig. 1 Experimental design diagram of Qinghai Tala Shoal photovoltaic power station. CK, Control; IF, Inorganic fertilizer; MI, Microbial inoculum; TE, Trace element; IF+MI, Inorganic fertilizer + microbial inoculum; IF+TE, Inorganic fertilizer + trace element; MI+TE, Microbial inoculum + trace elements; IF+MI+TE, Inorganic fertilizer + microbial inoculum + trace elements. The capital letters in the plots represent different blocks. The blue blocks represent under the photovoltaic panel, and the yellow represent outside the photovoltaic panel. Photographed by Peng Zhang (DJI Mavic Air 2).

表1 不同生境(光伏电板外和光伏电板下)和不同限制因子对群落盖度、地上生物量和物种丰富度影响的多因素方差分析结果

Table 1 Multivariate ANOVA results of the effect of different habitats (outside the photovoltaic panel and under the photovoltaic panel) and different limiting factors on community cover, aboveground biomass and plant species richness

	群落盖度 Community cover (%)		地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (g)		物种丰富度 Plant species richness
	F_1,5	P	F_1,5	P	F_1,5	P
Habitats	19.513	< 0.001	7.285	0.009	2.887	0.093
IF	40.598	< 0.001	0.279	0.599	5.133	0.026
MI	0.116	0.735	0.045	0.832	0.570	0.452
TE	<0.001	0.993	2.133	0.148	0.891	0.348
Habitats : IF	1.284	0.261	0.666	0.417	0.570	0.452
Habitats : MI	0.084	0.772	0.358	0.551	5.133	0.026
IF : MI	0.442	0.508	3.461	0.067	1.747	0.190
Habitats : TE	2.144	0.147	0.234	0.630	0.036	0.851
IF : TE	2.000	0.161	0.351	0.555	0.570	0.452
MI : TE	12.073	0.001	0.907	0.344	6.987	0.010
Habitats : IF : MI	0.278	0.599	0.055	0.816	0.036	0.851
Habitats : IF : TE	0.011	0.918	0.285	0.595	<0.001	1.000
Habitats : MI : TE	0.459	0.500	0.093	0.762	3.565	0.063
IF : MI : TE	0.253	0.617	0.917	0.341	0.891	0.348
Habitats : IF : MI : TE	1.475	0.228	0.712	0.401	0.036	0.851

图2 不同生境(光伏电板外和光伏电板下)下不同限制因子对群落盖度、地上生物量和物种丰富度的影响

Fig. 2 Effect of different limiting factors on community cover, aboveground biomass, and plant species richness at different habitats (outside the photovoltaic panel and under the photovoltaic panel). Abbreviations are the same as denoted in the legend of Fig. 1.

表2 不同生境(光伏电板外和光伏电板下)下限制因子对群落盖度、地上生物量和物种丰富度的影响的单因素方差分析结果

Table 2 One-way ANOVA results of the effect of limiting factors on community cover, aboveground biomass and plant species richness in different habitats (outside the photovoltaic panel and under the photovoltaic panel)

	群落盖度 Community cover (%)		地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (g)		物种丰富度 Plant species richness
	F_7,40	P	F_7,40	P	F_7,40	P
光伏电板外 Outside the photovoltaic panel
限制因子 Limiting factors	2.869	0.016	1.444	0.215	0.672	0.694
光伏电板下 Under the photovoltaic panel
限制因子 Limiting factors	1.247	0.301	0.197	0.984	1.986	0.081

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