生物多样性 ›› 2000, Vol. 08 ›› Issue (3): 325-336.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2000047

所属专题: 物种形成与系统进化

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

物种多样性变化格局与时空尺度

周红章,于晓东,罗天宏,何君舰   

  1. (中国科学院动物研究所,  北京 100080)
  • 收稿日期:1999-09-01 修回日期:1999-12-23 出版日期:2000-08-20 发布日期:2000-08-20
  • 通讯作者: 周红章

How does species diversity change? Spatio-temporal patterns and scales

ZHOU Hong-Zhang, YU Xiao-Dong, LUO Tian-Hong, HE Jun-Jian   

  1. Institute of Zoology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing  100080
  • Received:1999-09-01 Revised:1999-12-23 Online:2000-08-20 Published:2000-08-20
  • Contact: ZHOU Hong-Zhang

摘要:

物种多样性时空格局作为生物多样性研究的重要内容, 是针对物种的数量变化和物种的生物学多样性程度,在不同尺度范围内探讨物种多样性的时空格局及其变化规律。本文首先讨论物种多样性的空间格局,特别是不同尺度上的“物种-面积”模式,分析了纬度梯度、栖息地因素对物种多样性格局形成的作用。在时间尺度上,本文分析了物种多样性在不同时间尺度的变化格局:从生物长期进化的地史时间看,物种多样性稳定增长受到周期性大绝灭事件中断。最新研究表明,物种多样性时间格局决定于最近一次大绝灭后的初始状态。在较短的时间范围内,如生态群落演替、季节周期等,物种多样性变化呈现特殊的模式。此外,也发现寄主上寄生物种的多样性有随着时间而增加的趋势。

AbstractIt is an important part of biodiversity research to discover the patterns of species diversity over space and time in different scales and to find the mechanisms that control thepattern forming. These are also considered to be the main goals of studies on species diversity , which lay special emphasis on how the number of species changes and how great the species diverse with different biological attributes. This paper discusses at first the spatial patterns of species diversity , especially the modes of“species-area”from different aspects. The factors like latitudinal changes and habitat heterogeneity are considered to see how they affect the pattern forming of species diversity. Secondly , the paper′s discussion is concentrated on the patterns of species diversity over time. In the long- term evolution of all organisms , the process of total species- diversity increase would be interrupted by a series of mass extinctions that occur periodically. The recent progresses show that the patterns of species diversity between any two mass extinctions would be determined by the initial status immediately after the former mass extinction. On short- time scales , e.g. ecological succession in a community , circannual rhythms and seasonality , some special patterns have been found in species- diversity changes. In addition , the results of some researches demonstrated that more species tended to live on a host if they had coevolved for a longer time.