凋落物分解过程中土壤微生物群落的变化

doi:10.17520/biods.2015149

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

凋落物分解是生态系统碳循环和营养物质循环的关键过程, 受多种因素共同影响。土壤微生物是影响凋落物分解的重要因素, 其群落组成在一定程度上依赖于所处植物群落的特征。因此, 研究分解过程中微生物群落组成的变化及其对植物多样性的响应, 有利于对凋落物分解机制的理解。本文采用分解袋野外原位分解的方法, 对凋落物分解过程中微生物群落的变化及其对所处森林环境中树木的种类和遗传多样性的响应进行了研究。结果表明: (1)凋落物分解183天后, 土壤中微生物群落的多样性降低, 并且森林群落的物种多样性与微生物群落多样性呈负相关关系; (2)凋落物分解前后, 土壤中真菌和细菌群落的磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)量均有所增加, 说明凋落物分解为微生物生存和繁殖提供了养分; (3)地形因素是影响微生物群落变化最显著的因素, 可解释微生物群落变化的29.55%; 其次是凋落物的基质质量, 可以解释15.39%; 最后是森林群落的多样性, 可以解释8.45%; 这3种因素共同解释率为2.97%。综上所述, 与森林群落的植物多样性相比, 样地的地形因素与凋落物的基质质量对微生物群落的影响更显著。

关键词: 微生物群落, 地形因素, 凋落物分解速率, 磷脂脂肪酸法

Abstract

Litter decomposition is an important ecosystem function, and is an indispensable process for carbon and nutrient cycling. Litter decomposition is influenced by many factors, especially soil microbial communities, which are subject to their corresponding plant communities. It is necessary to study changes in soil microbial communities during litter decomposition and how these changes respond to plant diversity in corresponding forest communities to understand the mechanisms of decomposition. In the present study, we investigated these changes and responses using a litter bag method. Our results showed: (1) After 183 days of litter bag placement, microbial diversity decreased, and there was a negative correlation between plant species diversity and microbial diversity; (2) Soil microbial communities varied before and after the placement of plant litter bags. In particular the PLFAs of fungi and bacteria after the placement of litter bags were much higher than those before the placement of litter bags; (3) Topography was the most important factor correlated with the soil microbial community, and explained 29.55% of the variation of microbial communities. In contrast, litter quality and plant diversity explained 15.39% and 8.45%, respectively, and the interaction of the three factors explained 2.97% of the variation of the microbial communities. In conclusion, we find plant diversity plays a less important role than topography in determining soil microbial diversity, and litter quality influences soil microbial communities during litter decomposition.

Key words: microbial community, topographic factor, litter decomposition rate, phospholipid fatty acids

李姗姗, 王正文, 杨俊杰 (2016) 凋落物分解过程中土壤微生物群落的变化. 生物多样性, 24, 195-204. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015149.

Shanshan Li, Zhengwen Wang, Junjie Yang (2016) Changes in soil microbial communities during litter decomposition. Biodiversity Science, 24, 195-204. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015149.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2015149

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2016/V24/I2/195

图/表 6

表1 遗传多样性样地设计

Table 1 Design of the genetic diversity plots

物种多样性 Species diversity	遗传多样性 Genetic diversity
物种多样性 Species diversity	单家系 One seed family	4家系 Four seed families
单物种 One species	单物种单家系 Mono-species & mono-family (S1G1) 32重复32 replicates	单物种4家系 Mono-species & tetra-family (S1G4) 8重复 Eight replicates
4物种 Four species	4物种单家系Tetra-species & mono-family (S4G1) 8重复 Eight replicates	4物种4家系Tetra-species & tetra-family (S4G4) 6重复Six replicates

表2 香樟和虎皮楠各家系凋落物的初始化学物质含量(平均值±标准差, n = 3)

Table 2 The initial chemical properties of seed families of Cinnamomum camphora and Daphniphyllum oldhamii (mean ± SD, n = 3)

物种 Species	家系 Seed family	总碳 Total carbon (mg/g)	总氮 Total nitrogen (mg/g)	总磷 Total phosphorus (mg/g)	碳/氮比 C/N	氮/磷比 N/P
香樟 C. camphora	C3	492.25 ± 27.01^a	12.36 ± 1.78^ab	0.97 ± 0.02^a	40.59 ± 8.16^ab	12.79 ± 2.07^b
	C4	505.41 ± 33.39^a	13.24 ± 0.21^a	0.70 ± 0.06^b	38.19 ± 2.91^b	19.11 ± 1.80^a
	C7	510.94 ± 23.82^a	11.09 ± 0.27^ab	0.76 ± 0.02^b	46.05 ± 1.12^ab	14.68 ± 0.13^b
	C9	477.45 ± 63.22^a	9.86 ± 0.19^b	0.70 ± 0.01^b	48.44 ± 6.44^a	13.99 ± 0.23^b
虎皮楠 D. oldhamii	D6	522.14 ± 17.30^a	10.83 ± 0.89^b	0.86 ± 0.12^a	48.52 ± 5.33^a	12.77 ± 1.60^b
	D12	533.19 ± 1.66^a	11.46 ± 2.80^ab	0.87 ± 0.03^a	48.25 ± 10.6^a	13.19 ± 2.97^b
	D13	527.37 ± 31.32^a	13.89 ± 0.65^a	0.80 ± 0.02^a	38.06 ± 3.36^a	17.37 ± 0.36^a
	D17	510.40 ± 23.74^a	12.74 ± 0.95^a	0.71 ± 0.01^b	40.27 ± 4.55^a	18.02 ± 1.06^a

图1 各处理微生物群落的Shannon指数和Pielou均匀度指数(平均值±标准误, n = 8)。4种不同处理的代号见表1, 相同字母表示多重比较差异不显著(P > 0.05)。

Fig. 1 The Shannon diversity index and Pielou evenness index of microbial communities among treatments (mean ± SE, n = 8). The code of four treatments see Table 1. The same superscripts indicate no significant difference between treatments after multiplicative comparison (P > 0.05).

图2 凋落物分解前后不同处理中磷脂脂肪酸含量的比较(平均值±标准误, n = 8, * P < 0.05)。4种不同处理的代号见表1。

Fig. 2 All phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) identified in this experiment among all the diversity level (mean ±SE, n = 8, * P < 0.05). The code of four treatments see Table 1.

图3 凋落物分解前后土壤中微生物群落的变化率(PLFAs变化率) (平均值±标准误, n = 8)。4种不同处理的代号见表1, *代表PLFAs变化率偏离0值的显著程度(* P < 0.05)

Fig. 3 The relative variation rate of PLFAs of microbial community during decomposition (mean ±SE, n = 8). The code of four treatments see Table 1. Asterisks indicate a significant rate of PLFAs, i.e. a significant deviation from 0 (* P < 0.05)

表3 总磷脂脂肪酸与凋落物的基质质量的方差分析结果

Table 3 Result of ANOVAs between total phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and litter quality

凋落物的基质质量 Litter quality	总脂肪酸含量 Total PLFAs
凋落物的基质质量 Litter quality	d.f.	F	P
初始碳含量(总碳) Initial carbon (IC)	1	0.039
初始氮含量(总氮) Initial nitrogen (IN)	1	10.232	< 0.01
初始磷含量(总磷) Initial phosphorus (IP)	1	14.669	< 0.01
IC/IN	1	0.572
IC/IP	1	0.434
IN/IP	1	1.362
IC/IN/IP	1	4.489	< 0.05

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