中国亚热带不同菌根树种的根叶形态学性状特征与生长差异: 以江西新岗山为例

doi:10.17520/biods.2020368

生物多样性 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (6): 746-758. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020368

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

中国亚热带不同菌根树种的根叶形态学性状特征与生长差异: 以江西新岗山为例

欧阳园丽¹^,²^,³, 张参参¹^,², 林小凡¹^,², 田立新², 顾菡娇¹^,², 陈伏生¹^,²^,³, 卜文圣¹^,²^,³^,^*()

1.国家林业与草原局鄱阳湖流域森林生态系统保护与修复重点实验室, 南昌 330045
2.江西农业大学林学院, 南昌 330045
3.九连山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站, 南昌 330045

收稿日期:2020-09-17 接受日期:2020-11-17 出版日期:2021-06-20 发布日期:2020-12-11
通讯作者: 卜文圣
作者简介:* E-mail: bws2007@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31760134);江西省青年科学基金(20202ACBL215005);中国国家留学基金(201908360227)

Growth differences and characteristics of root and leaf morphological traits for different mycorrhizal tree species in the subtropical China: A case study of Xingangshan, Jiangxi Province

Yuanli Ouyang¹^,²^,³, Cancan Zhang¹^,², Xiaofan Lin¹^,², Lixin Tian², Hanjiao Gu¹^,², Fusheng Chen¹^,²^,³, Wensheng Bu¹^,²^,³^,^*()

1 Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, Nanchang 330045
2 College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045
3 Jiulianshan National Observation and Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, Nanchang 330045

Received:2020-09-17 Accepted:2020-11-17 Online:2021-06-20 Published:2020-12-11
Contact: Wensheng Bu

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探究植物功能性状的种内和种间变异不仅有助于揭示植物对环境的适应, 也能够反映植物的生态策略, 但不同菌根类型树木生长过程中根叶形态学功能性状的适应策略仍有待探究。本研究依托中国亚热带森林生物多样性与生态系统功能实验研究平台(BEF-China)选取7种丛枝菌根(AM)树木和7种外生菌根(EM)树木的纯林, 测定各个树种的比叶面积、叶干物质含量、比根长、根系直径、树高生长速率、地径生长速率及细根生物量等根叶形态学功能性状和生长指标, 探讨了两种菌根类型树种间的根叶形态学特征的差异。结果表明: 与AM树种相比, EM树种具有较小的比叶面积、吸收根平均直径和生长速率, 但具有更大的叶干物质含量; 两种菌根树种之间的比根长和细根生物量无显著差异。比叶面积、叶干物质含量、树高生长速率、地径生长速率和细根生物量等功能性状及生长指标在不同菌根类型、树种及二者的交互作用中均存在显著差异; 且树种、根功能型、菌根类型及三者之间的交互作用均对根功能性状有显著影响。EM树种地上指标的种内变异均大于种间变异, 而AM树种地上指标的种内和种间变异程度类似; 但两种菌根树种细根生物量的种间变异均大于种内变异。尽管两种菌根树种地上部分生长速率较快通常表现为较低的叶干物质含量, 但AM树种通常拥有较高的吸收根比根长, 而EM树种拥有较粗的运输根平均直径。吸收根比根长越低, 两类菌根树种的细根生物量就越多。由此可见, 根叶功能性状对植物地上部分的生长具有一定的协同效应, 其中运输根主要在EM树种地上生长过程中发挥重要作用, 吸收根主要与AM树种的地上部分生长有关; 但两类菌根树种的地下细根生物量均与吸收根有关。

关键词: 根系和叶片功能性状, 植物生长, 细根生物量, 地上地下关联, 菌根真菌类型

Abstract

Aims: Exploring the intraspecific and interspecific variations in plant functional traits is not only beneficial for understanding plant adaptation to different environmental factors, but also helpful as a reflection on the ecological strategy. However, the adaptation strategies of root and leaf morphological traits in the growth process of different mycorrhizal tree species need to be explored.

Methods: We studied seven arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) tree species and seven ectomycorrhizal (EM) tree species in the Biodiversity-Ecosystem Functioning Experiment China Platform (BEF-China). We studied the characteristics of root and leaf morphological traits of different mycorrhizal tree species by measuring the following morphological traits and growth indices: specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, specific root length, average diameter, the growth rate of tree height, the growth rate of basal diameter, and fine root biomass.

Results: We found that when compared with AM tree species, EM tree species had lower specific leaf area, average diameter of absorbing root, and growth rate (including tree height and basal diameter). EM species had a higher leaf dry matter content. There were no significant differences in the specific root length and fine root biomass between the two types of mycorrhizal tree species. There were significant differences in specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, the growth rate of tree height, the growth rate of basal diameter and fine root biomass between tree species, mycorrhizal types and the interaction between the two. Additionally, tree species, root functional type, mycorrhizal type and the interaction between tree species with root functional types and mycorrhizal types had significant effects on root functional traits. The intraspecific variation of the aboveground growth indices of EM tree species was greater than that of interspecific variation, whereas the intraspecific variation was similar to the interspecific variations of the above-ground indices of AM tree species. Furthermore, the intraspecific variation was greater than the interspecific variation of fine root biomass for all tree species. Although the above-ground growth for two types of mycorrhizal tree species had a faster growth rate, they usually showed low leaf dry matter content. AM tree species had a high specific root length for absorbing roots, while EM tree species had a high average diameter for transporting roots. Low specific root length of the absorbing roots greatly increased the fine root biomass for all the tree species.

Conclusions: Therefore, there was a certain synergistic effect between root and leaf morphological traits on plant growth above ground. Transporting roots mainly played an important role in the above-ground growth of EM tree species. Whereas absorptive roots mainly were related to the above-ground growth of AM tree species. However, below ground growth was mainly related to the absorptive root for all tree species.

Key words: root and leaf functional traits, plant growth, fine root biomass, aboveground-belowground relationship, mycorrhizal types

欧阳园丽, 张参参, 林小凡, 田立新, 顾菡娇, 陈伏生, 卜文圣 (2021) 中国亚热带不同菌根树种的根叶形态学性状特征与生长差异: 以江西新岗山为例. 生物多样性, 29, 746-758. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020368.

Yuanli Ouyang, Cancan Zhang, Xiaofan Lin, Lixin Tian, Hanjiao Gu, Fusheng Chen, Wensheng Bu (2021) Growth differences and characteristics of root and leaf morphological traits for different mycorrhizal tree species in the subtropical China: A case study of Xingangshan, Jiangxi Province. Biodiversity Science, 29, 746-758. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020368.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2020368

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2021/V29/I6/746

图/表 9

表1 本研究选取的14个树种的基本特征

Table 1 Basic characteristics of 14 tree species in this study

树种 Tree species		菌根类型 Mycorrhiza type
白栎	Quercus fabri	外生菌根 EM
青冈	Cyclobalanopsis glauca	外生菌根 EM
短柄枹栎	Quercus serrata	外生菌根 EM
苦槠	Castanopsis sclerophylla	外生菌根 EM
细叶青冈	Cyclobalanopsis myrsinifolia	外生菌根 EM
石栎	Lithocarpus glaber	外生菌根 EM
锥栗	Castanea henryi	外生菌根 EM
无患子	Sapindus saponaria	丛枝菌根 AM
枫香	Liquidambar formosana	丛枝菌根 AM
复羽叶栾	Koelreuteria bipinnata	丛枝菌根 AM
乌桕	Triadica sebifera	丛枝菌根 AM
蓝果树	Nyssa sinensis	丛枝菌根 AM
木荷	Schima superba	丛枝菌根 AM
南酸枣	Choerospondias axillaris	丛枝菌根 AM

表2 树种和菌根类型对叶功能性状及生长指标影响的双因素方差分析(F值)

Table 2 Two-way ANOVA of the effects of tree species and mycorrhizal type on leaf functional traits and growth indices (Fvalue)

叶功能性状及生长指标 Leaf functional traits and growth indices	树种 Tree species	菌根类型 Mycorrhizal type	树种 × 菌根类型 Tree species × mycorrhizal type
比叶面积 Specific leaf area	12.03^***	113.47^***	30.23^***
叶干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content	32.04^***	155.43^***	81.65^***
树高生长速率 The growth rate of height	21.21^***	29.37^***	26.77^***
地径生长速率 The growth rate of basal diameter	6.27^***	32.78^***	9.74^***
细根生物量 Fine root biomass	29.85^***	3.78^*	28.75^***

图1 14个树种的叶片功能性状变异。不同小写字母表示不同树种间的叶功能性状差异显著(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Variations in leaf functional traits with 14 tree species. Different lowercase letters represent significant differences between different tree species for leaf functional traits at P< 0.05.

图2 不同菌根树种之间叶片和根功能性状及生长指标的差异。不同小写字母表示不同树种间的叶和根功能性状及生长指标差异显著(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Variations in leaf and root functional traits, above- and belowground growth indices with different mycorrhizal tree species, different lowercase letters represent significant differences of leaf and root functional traits, above- and belowground growth indices between different tree species at P< 0.05.

表3 树种、根功能类型和菌根类型对根功能性状影响的多因素方差分析(F值)

Table 3 Multifactor analysis of variance of the effects of tree species, root functional type, mycorrhizal type on root functional traits (Fvalue)

因素类型 Factor type	比根长 Specific root length	平均直径 Average diameter
树种 Tree species	10.80^***	14.05^***
根功能类型 Root functional type	683.40^***	1,462.96^***
菌根类型 Mycorrhizal type	2.06^*	3.37^*
树种 × 根功能类型 Tree species × root functional type	15.12^**	79.10^***
树种 × 菌根类型 Tree species × mycorrhizal type	2.54^**	1.91^*
根功能类型 × 菌根类型 Root functional type × mycorrhizal type	156.42^***	293.21^***
树种 × 根功能类型 × 菌根类型 Tree species × root functional type × mycorrhizal type	64.47^***	79.11^***

图3 14个树种的根功能性状变异。不同小写字母表示不同树种间的根功能性状差异显著(P < 0.05), *表示同一树种不同功能类型的根功能性状差异显著(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Variations in root traits with 14 tree species. Different lowercase letters represent significant differences of root traits between different tree species at P< 0.05. * Significant differences between different root function types of the same tree species atP< 0.05.

图4 14个树种地上地下生长指标的差异。不同小写字母表示不同树种间差异显著(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Variations in above- and belowground growth indices of 14 tree species. Different lowercase letters represent significant differences of above- and belowground growth indices between different tree species at P< 0.05.

图5 不同菌根树种根叶功能性状及生长指标的变异来源

Fig. 5 Sources of variations in leaf and root functional traits, above- and belowground growth indices of different mycorrhizal type tree species

表4 根叶功能性状与不同菌根树种生长关系的混合线性模型

Table 4 Mixed linear models of the relationship between leaf, root functional traits and growth indices of different mycorrhizal trees

随机效应 Random effects	因变量 Dependent variables	截距 Intercept	固定效应 Fixed effects			条件决定系数 Conditional R²	边际决定系数 Marginal R²
随机效应 Random effects	因变量 Dependent variables	截距 Intercept	叶干物质含量 LDMC	吸收根比根长 SRL of absorbing root	运输根平均直径 Average diameter of transporting root	条件决定系数 Conditional R²	边际决定系数 Marginal R²
EM树种 Ectomycorrhizal tree	树高生长速率 Growth rate of height	?0.23	?0.11	-	0.40	0.69	0.67
	地径生长速率 Growth rate of basal diameter	0.29	-	-	0.30	0.97	0.96
AM树种 Arbuscular mycorrhizal tree	细根生物量 Fine root biomass	?0.12	-	?0.21	-	0.93	0.35
	树高生长速率 Growth rate of height	0.22	?0.21	0.09	-	0.65	0.25
	地径生长速率 Growth rate of basal diameter	0.56	?0.13	0.07	-	0.44	0.24
	细根生物量 Fine root biomass	?0.21	?0.18			0.94	0.34

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	字洪标, 陈焱, 胡雷, 王长庭 (2018) 氮肥添加对川西北高寒草甸植物群落根系动态的影响. 植物生态学报, 42,38-49.] DOI

中国亚热带不同菌根树种的根叶形态学性状特征与生长差异: 以江西新岗山为例

Growth differences and characteristics of root and leaf morphological traits for different mycorrhizal tree species in the subtropical China: A case study of Xingangshan, Jiangxi Province

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