雄性凹耳蛙不同合唱期鸣声特征的变化

doi:10.17520/biods.2022217

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

声音通讯在凹耳蛙(Odorrana tormota)的繁殖过程中起到关键作用, 雄性凹耳蛙个体处于不同性选择压力下会采取不同的发声策略, 然而相关研究仍缺乏。本实验采用个体标记法, 基于2021年3-5月的野外实验, 对雄性凹耳蛙个体(n = 12)处于合唱高潮期和低潮期鸣声中的非线性发声现象(nonlinear vocal phenomena, 以下简称NLP)总含量及其各组分(混音、半谐波、频率跳跃)含量、鸣声时长以及鸣叫频次之间的差异进行Wilcoxon符号秩检验。结果显示, 雄蛙处于合唱高潮期和低潮期鸣声中的部分NLP组分(混音、半谐波)含量以及鸣声时长均没有显著性差异, 合唱低潮期的NLP总含量、部分NLP组分(频率跳跃频次)显著大于高潮期, 合唱高潮期的发声率显著大于低潮期。实验结果表明, 雄性凹耳蛙不同合唱期会采取不同的发声策略, 即性选择压力较小的低潮期通过提高鸣声中的NLP含量、扩大声音传播距离、增大声音的不可预测性来更好吸引雌性; 高潮期性选择压力大时, 雄蛙通过提高鸣叫频次使得个体鸣声更加突出, 从而提高抱对成功率。

关键词: 凹耳蛙, 合唱期, 声音特征, 非线性, 性选择

Abstract

Aims: Sound communication plays a crucial role in the reproductive process of concave-eared torrent frogs (Odorrana tormota). The vocalization strategies adopted by the male O. tormota under sexual selection pressures have particular research significance. For example, it can help us to better comprehend the effect of sexual selective pressure on amphibian calls. However, there is still a lack of research on the adaptation strategies of male O. tormota under different chorus periods.

Methods: Based on the field experiments, we labeled male O. tormota (n = 12) from March 2021 to May 2021. We used Wilcoxon signed-rank test to examine the difference between the total content of nonlinear vocal phenomena (NLP) and its components (chaos content, subharmonics content, frequency jump), and both the duration of the call and calling rate of male O. tormota (n = 12) during the high and low tide of the chorus.

Results: There were no significant differences in some NLP components (such as chaos content and subharmonics content) and the duration of the call of male frogs between the high and low tide of the chorus. However, the total content of NLP and some NLP components (such as frequency jump) in the low tide period of the chorus were significantly higher than those in the high tide period of the chorus. Similarly, the calling rate during the chorus in high tide was significantly higher than those in the low tide.

Conclusion: The calling strategies of male O. tormota in different chorus periods are not alike. During the low tide period, when there is less sexual selection pressure, male O. tormota are better able to attract females by increasing the NLP content in their calls, expanding the distance of sound transmission, and increasing the unpredictability of sound. During the high tide period, when there is more sexual selection pressure, male frogs make individual calls more prominent by increasing the calling rate, thereby improving the success rate of amplexus.

Key words: Odorrana tormota, chorus periods, vocal characteristics, nonlinear, sexual selection

董浩, 柯子怡, 武亚涛, 苗珺琪, 张方 (2023) 雄性凹耳蛙不同合唱期鸣声特征的变化. 生物多样性, 31, 22217. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022217.

Hao Dong, Ziyi Ke, Yatao Wu, Junqi Miao, Fang Zhang (2023) Changes in vocal characteristics of male concave-eared torrent frogs (Odorrana tormota) in different chorus tides. Biodiversity Science, 31, 22217. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022217.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022217

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2023/V31/I1/22217

图/表 3

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蛙编号 Frog no.	半谐波含量 Subharmonics content	混音含量 Chaos content	非线性含量 Nonlinear content	时长 Duration (ms)	频率跳跃 Frequency jump (time/calls)	鸣叫频次 Calling rate (calls/min)
1	0.11/0.08	0.04/0.19	0.15/0.26	354.13/391.38	0.63/0.75	1.10/0.68
2	0.04/0.04	0.05/0.09	0.09/0.13	333.88/302.50	1.00/0.70	1.11/0.63
3	0.01/0.10	0.02/0.06	0.04/0.16	309.78/341.78	0.44/1.44	0.75/0.04
4	0.21/0.06	0.08/0.17	0.29/0.22	447.00/481.33	0.45/0.67	0.65/0.27
5	0.06/0.09	0.06/0.05	0.12/0.14	415.56/352.75	0.33/0.88	0.56/0.44
6	0.05/0.16	0.14/0.02	0.19/0.18	430.94/354.00	0.38/0.44	0.94/0.67
7	0.05/0.07	0.02/0.16	0.08/0.23	272.60/377.84	0.70/0.25	0.63/0.63
8	0.05/0.11	0.01/0.10	0.06/0.21	443.33/419.44	0.33/0.89	0.56/0.39
9	0.08/0.11	0.09/0.04	0.18/0.15	335.88/302.44	0.19/0.22	0.70/0.36
10	0.11/0.14	0.08/0.10	0.19/0.24	411.25/455.00	0.75/1.44	0.33/0.35
11	0.08/0.25	0.05/0.06	0.13/0.31	347.18/372.33	1.45/1.56	1.05/0.31
12	0.02/0.09	0.03/0.09	0.04/0.18	412.78/357.58	0.78/0.83	0.50/0.34

蛙编号 Frog no.	半谐波含量 Subharmonics content	混音含量 Chaos content	非线性含量 Nonlinear content	时长 Duration (ms)	频率跳跃 Frequency jump (time/calls)	鸣叫频次 Calling rate (calls/min)
1	0.11/0.08	0.04/0.19	0.15/0.26	354.13/391.38	0.63/0.75	1.10/0.68
2	0.04/0.04	0.05/0.09	0.09/0.13	333.88/302.50	1.00/0.70	1.11/0.63
3	0.01/0.10	0.02/0.06	0.04/0.16	309.78/341.78	0.44/1.44	0.75/0.04
4	0.21/0.06	0.08/0.17	0.29/0.22	447.00/481.33	0.45/0.67	0.65/0.27
5	0.06/0.09	0.06/0.05	0.12/0.14	415.56/352.75	0.33/0.88	0.56/0.44
6	0.05/0.16	0.14/0.02	0.19/0.18	430.94/354.00	0.38/0.44	0.94/0.67
7	0.05/0.07	0.02/0.16	0.08/0.23	272.60/377.84	0.70/0.25	0.63/0.63
8	0.05/0.11	0.01/0.10	0.06/0.21	443.33/419.44	0.33/0.89	0.56/0.39
9	0.08/0.11	0.09/0.04	0.18/0.15	335.88/302.44	0.19/0.22	0.70/0.36
10	0.11/0.14	0.08/0.10	0.19/0.24	411.25/455.00	0.75/1.44	0.33/0.35
11	0.08/0.25	0.05/0.06	0.13/0.31	347.18/372.33	1.45/1.56	1.05/0.31
12	0.02/0.09	0.03/0.09	0.04/0.18	412.78/357.58	0.78/0.83	0.50/0.34

	半谐波含量 Subharmonics content	混音含量 Chaos content	非线性含量 Nonlinear content	时长 Duration (ms)	频率跳跃 Frequency jump (time/calls)	鸣叫频次 Calling rate (calls/min)
样本量 Sample size (n)	12/12	12/12	12/12	12/12	12/12	12/12
平均值 Mean	0.07/0.11	0.06/0.09	0.13/0.20	376.19/378.31	0.62/0.86	0.74/0.46
标准差 Standard error of mean	0.05/0.06	0.04/0.05	0.07/0.06	57.62/51.46	0.35/0.45	0.25/0.15
最大值 Maximum	0.21/0.25	0.14/0.19	0.29/0.31	447.00/481.33	1.45/1.56	1.11/0.68
最小值 Minimum	0.01/0.04	0.01/0.02	0.04/0.09	272.60/302.44	0.19/0.22	0.33/0.27

	半谐波含量 Subharmonics content	混音含量 Chaos content	非线性含量 Nonlinear content	时长 Duration (ms)	频率跳跃 Frequency jump (time/calls)	鸣叫频次 Calling rate (calls/min)
样本量 Sample size (n)	12/12	12/12	12/12	12/12	12/12	12/12
平均值 Mean	0.07/0.11	0.06/0.09	0.13/0.20	376.19/378.31	0.62/0.86	0.74/0.46
标准差 Standard error of mean	0.05/0.06	0.04/0.05	0.07/0.06	57.62/51.46	0.35/0.45	0.25/0.15
最大值 Maximum	0.21/0.25	0.14/0.19	0.29/0.31	447.00/481.33	1.45/1.56	1.11/0.68
最小值 Minimum	0.01/0.04	0.01/0.02	0.04/0.09	272.60/302.44	0.19/0.22	0.33/0.27

	半谐波含量 Subharmonics content	混音含量 Chaos content	非线性含量 Nonlinear content	时长 Duration	频率跳跃 Frequency jump	鸣叫频次 Calling rate
Z	-1.60^b	-1.51^b	-2.13^b	-2.31^b	-0.09^b	-2.85^b
P	> 0.05	> 0.05	< 0.05	> 0.05	< 0.05	< 0.05