广西九万山国家级自然保护区外来入侵和本地草本植物多样性垂直分布格局

doi:10.17520/biods.2019221

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

外来入侵植物快速扩散、蔓延, 有些种类已进入到国家级自然保护区, 威胁保护区的生物多样性。本文基于九万山国家级自然保护区134个草本样方的调查数据, 对比分析了外来入侵草本和本地草本物种多样性的空间分布格局, 并阐明了气候因素对物种丰富度分布格局的影响。本研究共记录本地草本143种, 隶属于54科115属; 外来入侵草本16种, 隶属于7科13属。本地草本的物种丰富度和Shannon-Wiener指数随海拔上升显著增加(P < 0.05), 而外来入侵草本的物种丰富度和Shannon-Wiener指数随海拔升高呈下降趋势(P > 0.05)。本地草本和入侵草本的均匀度随海拔升高变化均不显著(P > 0.05)。在不同海拔梯度, 本地草本的Shannon-Wiener指数均显著高于外来入侵草本, 均匀度则相反。回归分析表明, 温度和降水量共解释了本地草本物种丰富度差异的41.6%, 其中温度解释率为21.4%, 降水量解释率为10.7%, 且温度的影响达到显著水平(P < 0.05)。温度和降水量对外来入侵草本的物种丰富度均无显著影响(P > 0.05), 单一因子解释率均较低, 分别为0.9%和0.4%。这些结果表明, 九万山国家级自然保护区外来入侵草本与本地草本物种多样性随海拔变化呈截然相反的空间分布格局, 且气候因素对两者分布格局的影响不同。外来入侵草本植物在海拔800-1,000 m地区具有相对多样的群落组成和较稳定的群落结构, 可能会威胁本地植物多样性, 建议加强此海拔区间外来入侵草本植物的管理。

关键词: 外来入侵草本植物, 本地草本植物, 气候因素, 海拔格局, 广义加性模型

Abstract:

Invasive nonnative plants spread rapidly. Many have invaded into national nature reserves and are a threat to biodiversity. Based on a survey of 134 plots of herbaceous species in Jiuwan Mountain National Nature Reserve, we compared spatial distribution patterns of invasive and native herbaceous species diversity and examined the impact of climate factors on these patterns. A total of 143 native herbs were recorded, belonging to 54 families and 115 genera. Another 16 were invasive nonnative herbs, belonging to 7 families and 13 genera. With increasing altitude, species richness and the Shannon-Wiener index of native herbs increased significantly (P < 0.05), whereas that of invasive herbs decreased (P > 0.05). Evenness of neither native herbs nor invasive herbs changed significantly with altitude (P > 0.05). At different altitude gradients, the Shannon-Wiener index of native herbs was significantly higher than that of invasive herbs, but evenness was significantly lower. Regression analysis revealed that 41.6% of variance in native herb richness could be explained by temperature and precipitation (temperature = 21.4% of variance and precipitation = 10.7%), and native herb richness was significantly related to temperature (P < 0.05). Neither temperature nor precipitation was significantly related to invasive herb richness (P > 0.05), and variance explained by these two factors was low (temperature = 0.9% and precipitation = 0.4%). Our results suggest that in Jiuwan Mountain National Nature Reserve, invasive and native species diversity display opposite spatial distribution patterns with altitude, and that climate factors had differential effects on these patterns. Invasive herbs had a relatively diverse community composition and stable community structure at altitudes of 800-1,000 m, which may threaten native herb diversity. We propose that the management of reserves should pay more attention to invasive and nonnative herbs at this altitude range.

Key words: invasive herbs, native herbs, climatic factors, elevational pattern, generalized additive model

高珂晓,李飞飞,柳晓燕,熊韫琦,李俊生,赵彩云. 广西九万山国家级自然保护区外来入侵和本地草本植物多样性垂直分布格局[J]. 生物多样性, 2019, 27(10): 1047-1055.

Gao Kexiao,Li Feifei,Liu Xiaoyan,Xiong Yunqi,Li Junsheng,Zhao Caiyun. Elevational patterns of invasive nonnative and native herbaceous species in Jiuwan Mountain National Nature Reserve of Guangxi[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2019, 27(10): 1047-1055.

图/表 5

图1 九万山国家级自然保护区植物调查样方分布图

Fig. 1 Plots of plant investigation in Jiuwan Mountain National Nature Reserve

图2 九万山国家级自然保护区外来入侵草本植物分布的海拔范围

Fig. 2 The elevation range of invasive herbs distribution in Jiuwan Mountain National Nature Reserve

图3 九万山国家级自然保护区本地与外来入侵草本丰富度、Shannon-Wiener指数及均匀度指数随海拔的分布

Fig. 3 Elevational pattern of native and invasive herbs species richness, Shannon-Wiener index, and evenness index in Jiuwan Mountain National Nature Reserve

表1 广义加性模型拟合结果偏差分析。* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01。

Table 1 Analysis of deviance for generalized additive model fitted to research data. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01.

	模型因子 Model factors	P	赤池信息准则 Akaike Information Criterion	偏差解释 Deviance explained (%)
本地草本 Native herbs	年均温 Mean annual temperature	0.017^*	115.379	21.4
	年均降水量 Mean annual precipitation	0.103	118.709	10.7
	年均温/年均降水量 Mean annual precipitation/Mean annual temperature	0.006^**/0.203	113.215	41.6
入侵草本 Invasive herbs	年均温 Mean annual temperature	0.643	43.340	0.9
	年均降水量 Mean annual precipitation	0.772	43.484	0.4
	年均温/年均降水量 Mean annual precipitation/Mean annual temperature	0.013^*/0.103	38.878	34.3

图4 本地草本物种丰富度与年均温、年均降水量的关系(虚线: 95%置信区间)

Fig. 4 Relationship between native herbaceous richness and temperature or precipitation (dashed lines: 95% confidence bands)

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