新疆野扁桃天然居群形态变异的研究

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.07338

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了从数量上分析新疆野扁桃(Amygdalus ledebouriana)天然居群表型性状在居群间和居群内的变异, 我们于2007年对分布在新疆的5个野扁桃天然居群的8个表型性状进行了测量和比较分析。结果表明: 新疆野扁桃表型性状在居群间和居群内均存在着较丰富的差异, 居群内的变异大于居群间的变异, 居群间的分化相对较小; 利用居群间欧氏距离进行UPGMA聚类分析表明, 5个天然居群可以划分为3类, 表型性状的欧式遗传距离与地理距离相关不显著。主成分综合分析结果显示: 新梢长宽比、叶片长宽比、果核千粒重、果核长宽比及花冠直径等5个表型性状指标是反映新疆野扁桃表型差异的主要因素。

关键词: 新疆野扁桃, 天然居群, 形态变异

Abstract

In order to investigate patterns of phenotypic trait variation in natural populations of Amygdalus ledebouriana, we measured eight morphological traits in five A. ledebouriana populations in Xinjiang. Rich phenotypic variation existed both among and within populations, and variation was greater within populations than among populations. Our UPGMA cluster analysis indicated that the five populations formed three distinct groups. We detected no relationship between geographic distance and Euclidean distance. Principal component analysis showed that shoot length/shoot width, leaf length/leaf width, mass per 1,000 seeds, seed length/seed width, and corolla diameter were the most important phenotypic traits that accounted for the morphological variation of A. ledebouriana.

Key words: Amygdalus ledebouriana, population, morphological variation

曾斌, 罗淑萍, 李疆, 聂文魁, 张峰, 李海龙 (2008) 新疆野扁桃天然居群形态变异的研究. 生物多样性, 16, 484-491. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.07338.

Bin Zeng, Shuping Luo, Jiang Li, Wenkui Nie, Feng Zhang, Hailong Li (2008) Morphological variations in natural populations ofAmygdalus ledebouriana. Biodiversity Science, 16, 484-491. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.07338.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.07338

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2008/V16/I5/484

图/表 9

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居群编号 Population label	居群类型 Population type	采样地 Location	纬度 Latitude (N)/(^o)	经度 Longitude (E)/(^o)	海拔 Altitude (m)	年均温 Mean annual temperature (℃)	年降水量 Annual precipitation (mm)
布尔津 BRJ	纯林 Pure forest	阿尔泰山西南部山麓(布尔津县境内) Southwest region of Altay Mountains (within Buerjin County)	48^°11'	87^°06'	1,224	-3.6	117.8
哈巴河 HBH	稀疏灌丛林 Sparse shrub woods	阿尔泰山西北部孔敦林山麓(哈巴河县境内) The Kongdunlin area to northwest Altay Mountains (within Habahe County)	48^°18'	86^°34'	1,025	-3.8	141.9
塔城 TCH	杂果灌丛林 Sundry fruit shrubs	塔尔巴哈台山东部(塔城市境内) East region of Taerbahatai Mountains (within Tacheng City)	47^°03'	83^°01'	1,197	5.3	322.9
托里 TL	野果林 Wild fruit forest	巴尔鲁克山东部(托里县境内) East region of Baerluke Mountains (within Tuoli County)	46^°09'	83^°33'	870	6.9	485.7
裕民 YM	纯林 Pure forest	巴尔鲁克山西部(裕民县境内) West region of Baerluke Mountains (within Yumin County)	45^°54'	82^°30'	1,199	6.0	507.6

居群编号 Population label	居群类型 Population type	采样地 Location	纬度 Latitude (N)/(^o)	经度 Longitude (E)/(^o)	海拔 Altitude (m)	年均温 Mean annual temperature (℃)	年降水量 Annual precipitation (mm)
布尔津 BRJ	纯林 Pure forest	阿尔泰山西南部山麓(布尔津县境内) Southwest region of Altay Mountains (within Buerjin County)	48^°11'	87^°06'	1,224	-3.6	117.8
哈巴河 HBH	稀疏灌丛林 Sparse shrub woods	阿尔泰山西北部孔敦林山麓(哈巴河县境内) The Kongdunlin area to northwest Altay Mountains (within Habahe County)	48^°18'	86^°34'	1,025	-3.8	141.9
塔城 TCH	杂果灌丛林 Sundry fruit shrubs	塔尔巴哈台山东部(塔城市境内) East region of Taerbahatai Mountains (within Tacheng City)	47^°03'	83^°01'	1,197	5.3	322.9
托里 TL	野果林 Wild fruit forest	巴尔鲁克山东部(托里县境内) East region of Baerluke Mountains (within Tuoli County)	46^°09'	83^°33'	870	6.9	485.7
裕民 YM	纯林 Pure forest	巴尔鲁克山西部(裕民县境内) West region of Baerluke Mountains (within Yumin County)	45^°54'	82^°30'	1,199	6.0	507.6

性状 Traits	均方 (自由度) MS(df)			F
性状 Traits	居群间 Among populations	居群内 Within population	随机误差 Random errors		居群间 Among populations	居群内 Within population
叶片长宽比 Leaf length / leaf width	14.08(4)	1.83(145)	0.2794(1,350)	7.7049^**		6.5426^**
果核长宽比 Seed length / seed width	1.6548(4)	0.1125(145)	0.0090(1,350)	14.7147^**		12.5445^**
新梢长宽比 Shoot length / shoot width	33,666.04(4)	8,518.1(145)	551.27(1,350)	3.9523^**		15.4517^**
花冠直径 Corolla diameter (cm)	14.2236(4)	0.7508(145)	0.0845(1,350)	18.9443^**		8.8847^**
雄蕊个数 Stamen number	34.3993(4)	13.1754(145)	4.6227(1,350)	2.6109^*		2.8502^**
雌蕊长度 Gynoecia length (cm)	0.0339(4)	0.0136(145)	0.0024(1,350)	2.4829^*		5.7099^**
雄蕊长度 Stamen length (cm)	0.0870(4)	0.0260(145)	0.0064(1,349)	0.3347		4.0793
果核千粒重 Mass per 1,000 seeds (g)	2,454,223.25(4)	157,439.83(145)	672.80(1,350)	15.5883^**		234.0087^**

性状 Traits	均方 (自由度) MS(df)			F
性状 Traits	居群间 Among populations	居群内 Within population	随机误差 Random errors		居群间 Among populations	居群内 Within population
叶片长宽比 Leaf length / leaf width	14.08(4)	1.83(145)	0.2794(1,350)	7.7049^**		6.5426^**
果核长宽比 Seed length / seed width	1.6548(4)	0.1125(145)	0.0090(1,350)	14.7147^**		12.5445^**
新梢长宽比 Shoot length / shoot width	33,666.04(4)	8,518.1(145)	551.27(1,350)	3.9523^**		15.4517^**
花冠直径 Corolla diameter (cm)	14.2236(4)	0.7508(145)	0.0845(1,350)	18.9443^**		8.8847^**
雄蕊个数 Stamen number	34.3993(4)	13.1754(145)	4.6227(1,350)	2.6109^*		2.8502^**
雌蕊长度 Gynoecia length (cm)	0.0339(4)	0.0136(145)	0.0024(1,350)	2.4829^*		5.7099^**
雄蕊长度 Stamen length (cm)	0.0870(4)	0.0260(145)	0.0064(1,349)	0.3347		4.0793
果核千粒重 Mass per 1,000 seeds (g)	2,454,223.25(4)	157,439.83(145)	672.80(1,350)	15.5883^**		234.0087^**

性状 Traits	方差分量 Variance portion			方差分量百分比 Percentage of variance portion (%)				表型分化系数 V_st(%)
性状 Traits	居群间 Among populations ( $\sigma$² t/S)	居群内 Within population ( $\sigma$²s)	随机误差 Random errors ( $\sigma$²_e)		居群间 Among populations	居群内 Within population	随机误差 Random errors	表型分化系数 V_st(%)
叶片长宽比 Leaf length / leaf width	0.0408	0.1551	0.2794	8.58		32.63	58.78	20.83
果核长宽比 Seed length / seed width	0.00514	0.01035	0.009	20.99		42.26	36.75	33.18
新梢长宽比 Shoot length / Shoot width	83.8265	796.6831	551.2711	5.85		55.64	38.50	9.52
花冠直径 Corolla diameter (cm)	0.0449	0.0666	0.0845	22.91		33.98	43.11	40.27
雄蕊个数 Stamen number	0.0707	0.8553	4.6227	1.27		15.41	83.31	7.63
雌蕊长度 Gynoecia length (cm)	0.0001	0.0011	0.0024	2.78		30.56	66.67	8.33
雄蕊长度 Stamen length (cm)	0.0002	0.0020	0.0064	2.33		23.26	74.42	9.09
果核千粒重 Mass per 1,000 seeds (g)	15,311.89	31,353.41	672.79	32.35		66.23	1.42	32.81
平均 Mean				12.13		37.50	50.37	20.21