生物多样性 ›› 2002, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (2): 170-174.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2002021

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

江苏盐城黑嘴鸥(Larus saundersi)繁殖微生境的选择

江红星,楚国忠,钱法文,陆军   

  1. 中国林业科学研究院全国鸟类环志中心,北京 100091
  • 收稿日期:2001-04-18 修回日期:2001-12-04 出版日期:2002-05-20 发布日期:2002-05-20

Breeding microhabitat selection of Saunders′ Gull ( Larus saundersi ) in Yancheng of Jiangsu Province, China

JIANG Hong-Xing, CHU Guo-Zhong, QIAN Fa-Wen, LU Jun   

  1. National Bird Banding Center of China,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091
  • Received:2001-04-18 Revised:2001-12-04 Online:2002-05-20 Published:2002-05-20

摘要: 1999~2001年春夏对江苏盐城国家级自然保护区黑嘴鸥的繁殖微生境进行了调查。黑嘴鸥的繁殖生境包括碱蓬群落(Suaeda glauca)、獐毛群落(Aeluropus littoralis)和大米草群落(Spartina anglica)。通过生境可获得性与可利用性分析,得知黑嘴鸥营巢对碱蓬生境具有正选择性,对獐毛和大米草生境具有负选择性。对繁殖微生境选择研究的结果表明, 黑嘴鸥繁殖微生境具有以下特征:植被高度5~25 cm,植被盖度20%~60%,底栖生物量大于300 g/m2,距水源距离500~1000 m,距人类活动干扰距离大于500 m。滩涂开发和人为活动是影响盐城地区黑嘴鸥繁殖微生境选择的重要因素。本文对黑嘴鸥繁殖栖息地的保护和管理提出了一些建议。

AbstractWe investigated the characteristics of breeding microhabitat of Saunders′ Gull ( Larus saundersi ) in the spring and summer of 1999, 2000 and 2001. Three types of breeding habitats of Saunders′ Gull were recorded: Spartina anglica community, Suaeda glauca community and Aeluropus littoralis community. We compared the nesting habitat availability with nesting habitat utilization in these three habitats. The results showed that Suaeda glauca habitat was positively selected by Saunders′ Gull, and Spartina anglica habitat and Aeluropus littoralis habitat were avoided. Indicated by the studies on microhabitat selection, the characteristics of breeding microhabitats where Saunders′ Gull prefer to nest included that plant height is more than 5 cm and less than 25 cm, vegetation coverage is 20% to 60%, biomass of zoobenthos is above 300g/m2, distance to water source is 500m to 1000m, and distance to artificial disturbance is more than 500m. Beach exploitation and human activities along the coast of Yancheng were the major factors influencing breeding microhabitat selection of Saunders′ Gull. Some suggestions are put forward for protection and management of breeding habitat for Saunders′ Gull.