AbstractAdiantum reniforme var. sinense is not only an endangered plant species listed in the Red Data Book of Plant inChina, but also an endemic one only distributed within a very narrow area in the Three-Gorge region with a weakreproductivity and limited number of individuals. The Three-Gorge Project will inevitable damage the habitats andgermplasm resources of this species in the following ways. Firstly, the Three-Gorge Reservoir will directly sub-merge the individuals which are distributed below the proposed water level (alt. 175m); Secondly, the populationimmigration will destroy the species distributed above the reservoir water level; and thirdly, the climate changescaused by the huge reservoir will affect the future living of this species. To preserve the species endangered by theconstruction of the project, some appropriate ways were suggested in the present paper. The establishment of na-ture reserves in the main distribution areas in the most effective approach for the habitat preservation of the fern,and ex situ conservation and tissue culture are two necessary ways to preserve the fern germplasm resources.