7个林木大小多样性指数表达能力比较

doi:10.17520/biods.2018341

生物多样性 ›› 2019, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (4): 449-456. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018341

7个林木大小多样性指数表达能力比较

娄明华¹, 白超²^,^*(), 惠刚盈³, 汤孟平⁴

¹ 宁波市农业科学研究院, 浙江宁波 315040
² 宁波市环境保护科学研究设计院, 浙江宁波 315010
³ 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所, 国家林业局林木培育重点实验室, 北京 100091
⁴ 浙江农林大学森林生态系统碳循环与固碳减排省重点实验室, 杭州 311300

收稿日期:2018-12-26 接受日期:2019-03-19 出版日期:2019-04-20 发布日期:2019-06-05
通讯作者: 白超
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31800539);国家自然科学基金(31700563);国家自然科学基金(31870617);国家林业局林业公益性行业科研专项(20150430303);宁波市农业科学研究院院长基金(2018NKYP005)

Comparison of distinguish ability on seven tree size diversity indices

Minghua Lou¹, Chao Bai²^,^*(), Gangying Hui³, Mengping Tang⁴

¹ Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040
² Ningbo Scientific Research and Design Institute of Environmental Protection, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010
³ Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091
⁴ Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300;

Received:2018-12-26 Accepted:2019-03-19 Online:2019-04-20 Published:2019-06-05
Contact: Chao Bai

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

林木大小多样性直接反映森林生态系统的健康与稳定, 客观恰当地表达大小多样性对于评价天然林或人工林的经济、生态、社会价值及其经营效果至关重要。本研究选用7个林木大小多样性指数, 其中4个与距离无关(Simpson大小多样性指数D_N、Shannon大小多样性指数H_N、断面积Gini系数GC和直径变异系数CV_d), 3个与距离有关(Simpson大小分化度指数D_T、Shannon大小分化度指数H_T和大小分化度均值指数$\bar{T}$), 通过6组模拟林分和4块实测林分比较分析了它们的表达能力。结果表明: 不考虑极端情况(极端情况为对比林分林木大小混交不同但林木直径构成完全相同), GC、CV_d、$\bar{T}$、D_T和H_T能客观恰当地表达不同径级分布林分的林木大小多样性差异, 其中CV_d区分能力最强, GC次之。若考虑极端情况, 只有$\bar{T}$、D_T和H_T能区分出不同大小混交程度林分的林木大小多样性差异。本研究认为CV_d和GC因计算简单, 易于实际应用, 在营林活动中可作为分析林木大小多样性的首选指数; $\bar{T}$因能识别不同大小混交程度林分的空间差异, 即对林分更新变化敏感, 适用于动态分析林分的结构特征。

关键词: 林木大小多样性, 直径分布, 大小分化度, 大小混交, 大小隔离

Abstract

Tree size diversity directly reflects forest ecosystem health and stability. Objective and appropriate evaluation of tree size is essential for understanding the economic, ecological and social value of natural forests or plantations as well as for effective forest stand management. Four distance-free diversity indices (simpson size diversity index, D_N; shannon size diversity index, H_N; gini coefficient index of basal area, GC; diameter coefficient of variation index, CV_d) and three distance-related indices (simpson size differentiation index, D_T; shannon size differentiation index, H_T; mean size differentiation index, $\bar{T}$) were selected to analyze the tree size diversity of six types of simulated stands and four measured stand plots with different diameter distribution and spatial patterns. The results show that regardless of extreme that such as compared stands have the same diameter composition but have different size mingling, GC, CV_d, $\bar{T}$, D_T and H_T can distinguish tree size diversity between stand types which have different diameter distributions objectively and properly. CV_d had the best result followed by GC. Accounting for extreme, the distance-related indices, namely $\bar{T}$, D_T and H_T can distinguish the difference between different size mingling stands. CV_d and GC can be used as the preferred indices in the practical application for calculating simple facilitate. $\bar{T}$can be used to analyze the dynamic changes of forest structural characteristics for its high distinction ability of spatial difference that due to its sensitivity to regeneration.

Key words: tree size diversity, diameter distribution, size differentiation, size mingling, size segregation

娄明华, 白超, 惠刚盈, 汤孟平 (2019) 7个林木大小多样性指数表达能力比较. 生物多样性, 27, 449-456. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018341.

Minghua Lou, Chao Bai, Gangying Hui, Mengping Tang (2019) Comparison of distinguish ability on seven tree size diversity indices. Biodiversity Science, 27, 449-456. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018341.

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图/表 6

参考文献 43

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指数 Index	公式 Formula	指数值的理论范围 Theoretical index value range	参考文献 Reference
Simpson大小多样性指数 Simpson size diversity index	${{D}_{N}}=1-\underset{j=1}{\overset{S}{\mathop \sum }}\,p_{j}^{2}$	[0, 1]	Valbuena, 2012
Shannon大小多样性指数 Shannon size diversity index	${{H}_{N}}=-\underset{j=1}{\overset{S}{\mathop \sum }}\,{{p}_{j}}\ln ({{p}_{j}})$	[0, ln(S)]	Buongiorno, 2001
断面积Gini系数 Gini coefficient index of basal area	$GC=\frac{\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}{(2i-n-1)B{{A}_{i}}}}{\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}{B{{A}_{i}}(n-1)}}$	[0, 1]	Duduman, 2011
直径变异系数 Diameter coefficient of variation index	$C{{V}_{d}}={\sqrt{\frac{\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}{{{({{d}_{i}}-\bar{d})}^{2}}}}{n-1}}}/{{\bar{d}}}\;$	[0, 1]	Huang, 2000

指数 Index	公式 Formula	指数值的理论范围 Theoretical index value range	参考文献 Reference
Simpson大小多样性指数 Simpson size diversity index	${{D}_{N}}=1-\underset{j=1}{\overset{S}{\mathop \sum }}\,p_{j}^{2}$	[0, 1]	Valbuena, 2012
Shannon大小多样性指数 Shannon size diversity index	${{H}_{N}}=-\underset{j=1}{\overset{S}{\mathop \sum }}\,{{p}_{j}}\ln ({{p}_{j}})$	[0, ln(S)]	Buongiorno, 2001
断面积Gini系数 Gini coefficient index of basal area	$GC=\frac{\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}{(2i-n-1)B{{A}_{i}}}}{\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}{B{{A}_{i}}(n-1)}}$	[0, 1]	Duduman, 2011
直径变异系数 Diameter coefficient of variation index	$C{{V}_{d}}={\sqrt{\frac{\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}{{{({{d}_{i}}-\bar{d})}^{2}}}}{n-1}}}/{{\bar{d}}}\;$	[0, 1]	Huang, 2000

指数 Index	公式 Formula	指数值理论范围 Theoretical index value range	参考文献 Reference
Simpson大小分化度指数 Simpson size differentiation index	${{D}_{T}}=1-\underset{i=1}{\overset{5}{\mathop \sum }}\,P_{i}^{2}$	[0, 1]	Bai & Hui, 2016
Shannon大小分化度指数 Shannon size differentiation index	${{H}_{T}}=-\underset{i=1}{\overset{5}{\mathop \sum }}\,{{P}_{i}}\ln ({{P}_{i}})$	[0, ln(5)]	Bai & Hui, 2016
大小分化度均值指数 Mean size differentiation index	$\overline{T}=\frac{1}{N}\sum\limits_{i=1}^{N}{{{T}_{i}}}$	[0, 1]	Gadow & Füldner, 1992
	${{T}_{i}}=1-\frac{\min ({{d}_{i}},{{d}_{1}})}{\max ({{d}_{i}},{{d}_{1}})}$	[0,1)	Gadow & Füldner, 1992

指数 Index	公式 Formula	指数值理论范围 Theoretical index value range	参考文献 Reference
Simpson大小分化度指数 Simpson size differentiation index	${{D}_{T}}=1-\underset{i=1}{\overset{5}{\mathop \sum }}\,P_{i}^{2}$	[0, 1]	Bai & Hui, 2016
Shannon大小分化度指数 Shannon size differentiation index	${{H}_{T}}=-\underset{i=1}{\overset{5}{\mathop \sum }}\,{{P}_{i}}\ln ({{P}_{i}})$	[0, ln(5)]	Bai & Hui, 2016
大小分化度均值指数 Mean size differentiation index	$\overline{T}=\frac{1}{N}\sum\limits_{i=1}^{N}{{{T}_{i}}}$	[0, 1]	Gadow & Füldner, 1992
	${{T}_{i}}=1-\frac{\min ({{d}_{i}},{{d}_{1}})}{\max ({{d}_{i}},{{d}_{1}})}$	[0,1)	Gadow & Füldner, 1992

指数 Indices	正态径级分布 Normal-shaped diameter distribution			倒J径级分布 Inverse J-shaped diameter distribution			变异系数 CV (%)
指数 Indices	均匀 Uniform	随机 Random	聚集 Aggregation	均匀 Uniform	随机 Random	聚集 Aggregation	变异系数 CV (%)
D_N	0.930-0.941	0.926-0.942	0.930-0.942	0.814-0.924	0.816-0.913	0.815-0.921	3.5
H_N	2.820-2.964	2.796-2.968	2.801-2.969	1.963-2.790	1.985-2.724	2.011-2.783	10.1
GC	0.269-0.317	0.270-0.323	0.271-0.313	0.520-0.627	0.530-0.631	0.529-0.639	37.0
CV_d	0.259-0.305	0.255-0.308	0.253-0.298	0.532-0.684	0.547-0.691	0.543-0.704	42.2
D_T	0.617-0.696	0.624-0.696	0.616-0.694	0.727-0.773	0.731-0.775	0.733-0.779	7.8
H_T	1.070-1.267	1.092-1.279	1.049-1.274	1.361-1.524	1.366-1.533	1.373-1.548	12.1
$\bar{T}$	0.238-0.303	0.234-0.297	0.227-0.298	0.334-0.464	0.345-0.452	0.351-0.464	23.5

7个林木大小多样性指数表达能力比较

Comparison of distinguish ability on seven tree size diversity indices

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林分类型 Stand type	D_N	H_N	GC	CV_d	D_T	H_T	$\bar{T}$
倒J均匀混交 Inverse J-shaped uniform mingling type	0.897	2.610	0.633	0.692	0.770	1.512	0.437
倒J均匀隔离 Inverse J-shaped uniform segregation type	0.897	2.610	0.633	0.692	0.054	0.154	0.067
倒J随机混交 Inverse J-shaped random mingling type	0.897	2.610	0.633	0.692	0.769	1.510	0.421
倒J随机隔离 Inverse J-shaped random segregation type	0.897	2.610	0.633	0.692	0.049	0.140	0.050
倒J聚集混交 Inverse J-shaped aggregated mingling type	0.897	2.610	0.633	0.692	0.772	1.521	0.421
倒J聚集隔离 Inverse J-shaped aggregated segregation type	0.897	2.610	0.633	0.692	0.035	0.107	0.041
正态均匀混交 Normal-shaped uniform mingling type	0.937	2.906	0.299	0.282	0.673	1.208	0.275
正态均匀隔离 Normal-shaped uniform segregation type	0.937	2.906	0.299	0.282	0.078	0.196	0.040
正态随机混交 Normal-shaped random mingling type	0.937	2.906	0.299	0.282	0.665	1.184	0.269
正态随机隔离 Normal-shaped random segregation type	0.937	2.906	0.299	0.282	0.044	0.123	0.032
正态聚集混交 Normal-shaped aggregated mingling type	0.937	2.906	0.299	0.282	0.660	1.177	0.268
正态聚集隔离 Normal-shaped aggregated segregation type	0.937	2.906	0.299	0.282	0.030	0.085	0.024

指数 Index	HZ	NB	BJ	GS	CV (%)
GC	0.16	0.543	0.204	0.553	0.581
CV_d	0.146	0.554	0.186	0.566	0.628
D_T	0.330	0.726	0.489	0.750	0.350
H_T	0.557	1.368	0.792	1.421	0.413
$\bar{T}$	0.126	0.324	0.169	0.396	0.502

指数 Indices	正态径级分布 Normal-shaped diameter distribution			倒J径级分布 Inverse J-shaped diameter distribution
指数 Indices	均匀 Uniform	随机 Random	聚集 Aggregation	均匀 Uniform	随机 Random	聚集 Aggregation
D_N	0.936 (0.002)^a	0.936 (0.003)^a	0.935 (0.002)^a	0.877 (0.022)^b	0.877 (0.022)^b	0.881 (0.023)^b
H_N	2.890 (0.033)^a	2.892 (0.039)^a	2.884 (0.032)^a	2.394 (0.169)^bc	2.388 (0.166)^c	2.426 (0.176)^b
GC	0.292 (0.010)^a	0.291 (0.011)^a	0.290 (0.010)^a	0.588 (0.023)^b	0.585 (0.022)^b	0.589 (0.023)^b
CV_d	0.278 (0.010)^a	0.278 (0.011)^a	0.276 (0.010)^a	0.625 (0.034)^b	0.621 (0.032)^b	0.627 (0.033)^b
D_T	0.657 (0.016)^a	0.659 (0.017)^a	0.656 (0.016)^a	0.757 (0.010)^b	0.757 (0.009)^b	0.759 (0.010)^b
H_T	1.173 (0.041)^a	1.180 (0.043)^a	1.171 (0.042)^a	1.463 (0.037)^b	1.462 (0.035)^b	1.470 (0.038)^b
$\bar{T}$	0.262 (0.013)^a	0.262 (0.014)^a	0.261 (0.013)^a	0.404 (0.025)^b	0.403 (0.025)^b	0.406 (0.026)^b

指数 Indices	正态径级分布 Normal-shaped diameter distribution			倒J径级分布 Inverse J-shaped diameter distribution
指数 Indices	均匀 Uniform	随机 Random	聚集 Aggregation	均匀 Uniform	随机 Random	聚集 Aggregation
D_N	0.936 (0.002)^a	0.936 (0.003)^a	0.935 (0.002)^a	0.877 (0.022)^b	0.877 (0.022)^b	0.881 (0.023)^b
H_N	2.890 (0.033)^a	2.892 (0.039)^a	2.884 (0.032)^a	2.394 (0.169)^bc	2.388 (0.166)^c	2.426 (0.176)^b
GC	0.292 (0.010)^a	0.291 (0.011)^a	0.290 (0.010)^a	0.588 (0.023)^b	0.585 (0.022)^b	0.589 (0.023)^b
CV_d	0.278 (0.010)^a	0.278 (0.011)^a	0.276 (0.010)^a	0.625 (0.034)^b	0.621 (0.032)^b	0.627 (0.033)^b
D_T	0.657 (0.016)^a	0.659 (0.017)^a	0.656 (0.016)^a	0.757 (0.010)^b	0.757 (0.009)^b	0.759 (0.010)^b
H_T	1.173 (0.041)^a	1.180 (0.043)^a	1.171 (0.042)^a	1.463 (0.037)^b	1.462 (0.035)^b	1.470 (0.038)^b
$\bar{T}$	0.262 (0.013)^a	0.262 (0.014)^a	0.261 (0.013)^a	0.404 (0.025)^b	0.403 (0.025)^b	0.406 (0.026)^b