不同土壤质地和淤积深度对大米草生长繁殖的影响

doi:10.17520/biods.2016024

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

盐沼湿地生态系统中的土壤质地和淤积深度由于受到潮汐和生物的协同作用会发生相应的变化, 将对植物个体生长与湿地植被分布产生影响。本文通过智能温室人工模拟控制土壤质地和淤积深度实验, 分析了不同土壤质地(粘土和混合土)及淤积深度(无淤积、淤积植株高度1/4、淤积植株高度1/2及淤积植株高度3/4)对外来克隆植物大米草(Spartina anglica)种群的生长繁殖特征及生物量积累的影响。结果表明: 粘土促进叶面积、叶片数及根状茎数的增加, 并增加根状茎总长、根状茎生物量及地上生物量的积累; 而混合土(粘土与沙土体积比为1:1)增加了克隆分株数、总生物量、地下生物量及根生物量。除叶面积在淤积株高3/4处理下达到最大值外, 其他指标均在淤积株高1/2处理下达到最大值。由此推断, 大米草种群较适宜的土壤质地及淤积深度为粘土淤积株高的1/2处。据此推测, 可通过相应的生物及工程措施来改良土壤质地及通过改变淤积深度来有效管理我国海岸带大米草的分布, 为控制大米草在海岸带盐沼中的入侵与种群扩张提供了理论依据。

关键词: 盐沼湿地, 大米草, 种群衰退与扩张, 生物量积累

Abstract

Soils in salt marsh ecosystems have been undergoing certain changes including those related to sediment types and burial depths due to tidal activity and a variety of biotic factors. The changes in sediment type affect water-retaining properties, permeability and organic content while those in burial depth alter soil humidity, nutrition content, oxygen content, light intensity and temperature. Although many previous studies have focused on the effects of soil properties on plant growth and reproduction, few have explicitly tested the impacts of sediment type and burial depth on plants in salt marsh ecosystems. The exotic species Spartina anglica found in coastal China has been experiencing increased mortality over the past decade, however the mechanism of this mortality remains unclear. This study mainly focused on the effects of sediment type and burial depth on growth traits and biomass accumulation of S. anglica and was conducted under greenhouse conditions. The experiment included two types of sediments with clay and clay-sand mixtures (the volume of 1:1). Furthermore, four treatments were established with burial depths from 0 cm to one quarter of the plant height, one half of the plant height and three quarters of the plant height. Results indicated that clay increased leaf area, number of leaves, number of rhizomes, total length of rhizomes, rhizome mass and aboveground mass, while the clay-sand mixture led to an increase in the number of ramets, total mass, underground mass and root mass. All of the measures, except for leaf area, peaked at one half of the plant height burial treatment among all treatments. Overall, burial depth at one half of the plant height in clay was the most suitable combination for S. anglica. The results indicate that changes in sediment properties and subsequent changes in burial depth for S. anglica may assist with management of its populations over the species range.

Key words: salt marsh, Spartina anglica, population invasion and decline, biomass accumulation

刘琳, 安树青, 智颖飙, 张明祥, 李红丽 (2016) 不同土壤质地和淤积深度对大米草生长繁殖的影响. 生物多样性, 24, 1279-1287. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016024.

Lin Liu, Shuqing An, Yingbiao Zhi, Mingxiang Zhang, Hongli Li (2016) Effects of different sediment type and burial depth on growth traits and biomass accumulation of Spartina anglica. Biodiversity Science, 24, 1279-1287. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016024.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2016024

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2016/V24/I11/1279

图/表 3

图1 不同土壤质地及淤积深度处理下大米草种群的克隆繁殖及叶性状指标(平均值+标准误)。相同字母表明同一土壤质地淤积深度处理间无显著差异(Duncan检验, P = 0.05)。淤积深度处理CK、株高1/4、株高1/2和株高3/4分别对应为基质不淤积、淤积株高1/4、淤积株高1/2和淤积株高3/4。

Fig. 1 Clonal and leaf traits of Spartina anglica under different soil types and the four burial depth treatments (Mean + SE). Means sharing the same letter are not different at P = 0.05 within sediment type treatments (Duncan tests). Furthermore, CK, 1/4 plant height, 1/2 height and 3/4 height were established with unburied, 25% buried, 50% buried and 75% buried, respectively.

表1 土壤质地及淤积深度对大米草克隆繁殖、叶性状指标以及生物量积累影响的方差分析结果

Table 1 Results of ANOVAs testing the effects of sediment type and burial depth on clonal and growth traits, and biomass accumulation of Spartina anglica

性状指标 Traits	土壤质地 Sediment type (S)		淤积深度 Burial depth (B)		土壤质地×淤积深度 S × B
性状指标 Traits	F_{1, 40}	P	F_{3, 40}	P	F_{3, 40}	P
(A)克隆繁殖和叶性状指标 Clonal and leaf traits
分株数 No. of ramets	7.9	0.008	9.8	<0.001	1.1	0.359
根状茎数 No. of rhizomes	6.5	0.014	25.4	<0.001	4.5	0.008
根状茎生物量 Rhizome biomass	3.9	0.057	28.5	<0.001	5.2	0.004
根状茎总长 Total length of rhizomes	9.8	0.003	18.1	<0.001	3.6	0.023
叶片数 No. of leaves	6.4	0.015	17.5	<0.001	3.4	0.028
叶面积 Leaf area	6.5	0.014	32.9	<0.001	2.0	0.127
(B)生物量积累 Biomass accumulation
总生物量 Total biomass	1.0	0.328	49.4	<0.001	10.8	<0.001
地上生物量 Aboveground biomass	0.1	0.770	48.0	<0.001	12.1	<0.001
地下生物量 Belowground biomass	6.6	0.014	44.1	<0.001	7.3	<0.001
根生物量 Root biomass	11.0	0.002	23.8	<0.001	2.6	0.064

图2 不同土壤质地及淤积深度处理下大米草种群的生物量积累(平均值+标准误)。相同字母表明同一土壤质地淤积深度处理间无显著差异(Duncan检验, P = 0.05)。淤积深度处理CK、株高1/4、株高1/2和株高3/4分别对应为基质不淤积、淤积株高1/4、淤积株高1/2和淤积株高3/4。

Fig. 2 Biomass of Spartina anglica under differet soil types and the four burial depth treatments (Mean + SE). Means sharing the same letter are not different at P = 0.05 within sediment type treatments (Duncan tests). Furthermore, CK, 1/4 plant height, 1/2 plant height and 3/4 plant height were established with unburied, 25% buried, 50% buried and 75% buried, respectively.

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