生物多样性 ›› 2000, Vol. 08 ›› Issue (2): 153-162.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2000022

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国珍稀濒危保护植物在江苏省的自然分布及其特点

郝日明,黄致远,刘兴剑,王中磊,徐惠强,姚志刚   

  1. (江苏省中国科学院植物研究所,  南京 210014)
    (江苏省农林厅林业局,  南京 210013)
  • 收稿日期:1999-04-12 修回日期:2000-01-18 出版日期:2000-05-20 发布日期:2000-05-20

The natural distribution and characteristics of the rare and endangered plants in Jiangsu, China

HAO Ri-Ming,HUANG Zhi-Yuan,LIU Xing-Jian,WANG Zhong-Lei,XU Hui-Qiang,YAO Zhi-Gang   

  1. 1) Jiangsu Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing  210014
    2) Forestry Bureau of Jiangsu Province , Nanjing  210013
  • Received:1999-04-12 Revised:2000-01-18 Online:2000-05-20 Published:2000-05-20

摘要: 讨论了17种中国珍稀濒危植物在江苏省的自然分布及其特点,它们分别为小叶银缕梅(Parrotia subaequalis)、宝华玉兰(Magnolia zenii)、天目木兰(Magnolia ameona)、秤锤树(Sinojackia xylocarpa)、明党参(Changium smyrnioides)、珊瑚菜(Glehnia littoralis)、独花兰(Changnienia amoena)、香果树(Emmenopterys henryi)、中华水韭(Isotes sinensis)、水蕨(Ceratopteris thalictroides)、金钱松(Pseudolarix amabilis)、短穗竹(Brachystachyum densiflorum)、野大豆(Glycine soja)、琅琊榆(Ulmus chenmoui)、青檀(Pteroceltis tatarinowii)、榉树(Zelkova schneideriana)、香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)。上述17种植物隶属13科16属, 所包含的分类群多样性程度高, 且小叶银缕梅、香果树、秤锤树、金钱松等为系统位置孤立的单种属或寡种属。这些物种大多分布在苏南,人类生产活动引起的生境片断化、地处分布区北缘具有的边缘效应,加上人类的砍伐, 使原生境遭到严重破坏,种群个体数量稀少,物种处于严重濒危状态。

AbstractJiangsu Province is located along the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the northern part of the subtropical zone. Its plain has been cultivated , and the hilly and mountainous land makes up 15 % of the total area , and its great majority is widely brought under cultivation with artificial forests and woody economic crops such as Phyllostachys pubescens , Camellia sinensis , Castanea mollissima , Cunninghamia lanceolata and Pinus massoniana ,etc. Natural vegetation is formed by deciduous broad-leaved forest that contains evergreen broad-leaved elements , which can be found only in the ridge of some hills and the fringe of some gullies , and have been classified as a framentational distribution type. There are 17 species of rare and endangered plants in Jiangsu. Of them , Parrotia subaequalis , Magnolia zenii , Magnolia ameona , Pseudolarix amabilis , Changnienia amoena , Ulmus chenmoui , Glehnia littoralis and Cinnamomum camphora are distributed in sporadic area and have become rare. Sinojackia xylocarpa , Emmenopterys henryi , Isotes sinensis and Ceratopteris thalict roides were found in some areas , but seemed extinct in recent years. Because of over- utilization , the habitats of Pteroceltis tatarinowii , Zelkova schneideriana and Changium smyrnioides have been rapidly deteriorated. B rachystachyum densif lorum and Glycine soja have often been found in their suitable habitats. These species are classified into 16 genera of 13 families. Of them , the antique floristic elements — Parrotia , Changium , Sinojackia , Emmenopterys , Pseudolarix , Pteroceltis , Glehnia and Changnienia are monotypic genera or oligotypic genera with an isolated position in phylogenies. Most of the rare and endangered plants are distributed in the south of Jiangsu , while some of them , such as Emmenopterys henryi , Pseudolarix amabilis and Magnolia ameona , are located on the northern fringe of their distribution area. The habitat fragmentation caused by human activities , the edge-effects of their marginal distribution and human destruction have synthetically led to the degeneration of primary habitats , reduction of population sizes and endangerment of these species.