AbstractWuzhishan Pig is one of the rare and endangered breeds in China. To protect and utilize the genetic resource of this domestic breed , its breeding , biological characteristics and genetic diversity were studied. The experiments on growth regulation , reproductive performance , blood biochemical index , DNA fingerprinting and genetic markers showed that the Wuzhishan Pig is a breed with small size , early maturity , tolerance to inbreeding and good meat quality. Its blood biochemical value is similar to human , but the concentration of lymphocyte white cell is higher than others (77 %for Wuzhishan Pig , 52 %for standard Pig , 25 %～35 %for human) , and also there is difference between Wuzhishan Pig and other breeds on the haplotypes of swine lymphocyte antigen. Using the human ministatellite 3316 and chicken minisatellite probe cMS18 to test Wuzhishan Pig , Large2white Pig and Fengjing Pig , the Wuzhishan Pig similarity coefficient of DNA fingerprinting is higher than standard Pig. This suggests that the Wuzhishan Pig might under go intensive inbreeding and have high tolerance to inbreeding. Through RFL P analysis with porcine GH cDNA probe , it was found that whatever EcoRI , EcoRV or Pst I was used , Wuzhishan Pig had a strong hybridization band , whereas it was absent in the tasted Large white and Fengjing Pig. It also showed that there was differences between Wuzhishan , Large-white and Fengjing breeds on GH locus.