20 278 species,belonging to 5kingdom and 44 phyla,have been recorded in China seas．Among them 12?phyla are exclusive marine species．The numbers of species in sea exesses that in fresh water and is less than??? that on the terrestrial and it increases northward．It covers the species from Warm-water,temperate-water??? to the cosmopolitan．The north marginal distribution boundary of many tropic marine organisms and the??south distribution of some temperate marine species is just delimited in China seas．

The genetic structure of Kandelia candel in a mangrove swamp in Taiwan was examined．Using isozymes as genetic markers,it was demonstrated that this species has a little genetic differentiation within population(Fst= O．043)．Low genetic differentiation among subpopulations reflects potential influences of gene flow．It islikely that environmental stress,created by the dry and wetmicrohabitats,is an important force that has potential to influence the growth rate of Kandelia candel．However,it does not have the potential to in-fluence patterns of genetic structure within local population in mangrove swamp.

Studies on the microflora around The Great Wall Station was carrid out during the 1992~1993 summer time of Antarctica.A lot of soil samples were collected.From them 25 samples were choosed for futher microbial analysis because of that they represent different ecological types.It was found that the numbers of bacteria and fungi are 10²~10⁶ and 0~10⁴ per gram of wet soil,respectively,when the samples were cultured at 25℃.But the numbers reached 10³~10⁶ and 10³~10⁴ per gram of wet soil,resprectively,when they were cultured at 0℃ .It is very intresting that microbial mass is higher at low temperature than at the high temperature.The amount of hydrocarbon oxidating bacteria in samples from the area of 0.4 Km wide and 1 Km long around The Great Wall Station was also inverstigated.The results showed that the amount of hydrocarbon oxidating bcateria were less in soils sampled far away from The Great Wall Staton.

Based on the MASS (MACK INNON / ALI SOFTWARE SYSTEM: SPECIES, HABITAT AND PRO-TECTED AREA MONITORING SYSTEM) 3. 1, a Chinese version of CMASS 2. 0 was developed.Databases of Confirmed Natural Reserves in China , Protected Wildlife in China , Endangered Wildilife inChina, Chinese Birds and Chinese Mammals were established with CMASS 2. 0. These databases offer in-formation on species, reserves, habitats, survey courses, and literature sourses. The database is ready forjoining international monitoring system, and use in public education.

Results of the field work indicated that in 1993 the breeding flock of the Relict Gull Ordos population is ofabout 1510 nests in total, being the largest colony since 1990, and the Taolimiao-Alashan Nur is of specificsignificance to the survival of the population while the wetland birds occuring around the lake represent typi-cally the characteristics of the desert wetland bird community in Ordos, and hence, in accordance with the Criteria recommended by Ramsar Convention. the locality might be considered to be listed into the ""List of Wetlands of International Importance"".

The concept of allozyme and the application of the allozyme analysis technique in the studies of plant geneticdiversity and systematics are introduced and discussed with comments on its advantage and weakness. Allozyme analysis is an important method to studying the genetic diversity of organisms, and has opened abroad prospects for the studying of systematics and evolution with molecular data. However, the use of themolecular data does not mean that the morphological, cytological and other data can be instead , but they arecomplementary each other.

Plant microbial pathogens bring about great damage to agricultural and forestry economy every year. Plantgenetic engineering is the complement and development of traditional breeding techniques in protecting plantsagainst microbial disease. In recent years, novel strategies have been emerging for breeding antibacterial orantifungi plants in plant genetic engineering. These examples are based on the clarification of microbial physiologic structure, pathogenetic mechanism and plant-microbe interactions. Integration of these stragetiesshould make further contributions to effective field resistance. Cloning of disease resistance genes, moleculardissection of signal transduction mechanism and identification of virulence genes will provide attractive newopportunities for enhancing crop protection.

Among several paterns of species diversity variations, perhaps the most widely recognized one is the increasethat occurs from the poles to the tropics. A number of explanations have been put forward for this generallatitudinal trend in species diversity. Among these, it seems that the ESA hypothesis is more reasoanable.Based on the explanations advanced before, the author has proposed his own idea, that is the factors, whichinflunce the distribution of species, can be divided into two categories, one is environmental, another is biological, and the environmental factor is primary, the biological one is secondary.

Species diversity of fungi in the world is brefly presented based on scattered available literature. The necessity of investigation and conservation of diversity of fungi is also briefly discussed.

Beijing Zoo has bred in 30 years 46 cubs of 28 litters of Giant Panda (among which 18 litters were twins),21 young Pandas survived. The survival rate is 45. 65%, which made a prominent contribution to the offsite conservation of Giant Panda. The first successful breeding in captivity was achieved in 1963 - MingMing; the first successful breeding by artificial insemination was in 1978-- Yuan Jing; in 1980 there was thefirst successful breeding by using frozen semen stored in ultra-low temperature, twins were born; in 1987 the Beijing Zoo achieved the record of keeping 4 generations of Pandas; in 1990, Pandas of distant bloodlines mated naturally and produced offspring for the first time-Ya Qing ; in 1992, the first third generationPanda by artificial insemination was able to mate naturally for the first time and successfully fathered twincubs - Yong Ming and Yong Liang ; from 1992 to 1993, a had-reared young panda survived for the.first time(not having had milk from the mother) - Yong Liang; in 1993, for first time all 3 young Pandas born in1992 survived, a survived rate of 100%.