生物多样性 ›› 2017, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (4): 364-371.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016378

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海鸟种群的人工招引与恢复技术及其应用

周晓1, 陈东东1, StephenW.Kress2, 陈水华1,3,*()   

  1. 1 浙江师范大学化学与生命科学学院, 浙江金华 321004
    2 Seabird Restoration Program, National Audubon Society, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
    3 浙江自然博物馆, 杭州 310014;
  • 收稿日期:2016-12-30 接受日期:2017-03-20 出版日期:2017-04-20 发布日期:2017-04-20
  • 通讯作者: 陈水华
  • 基金资助:
    基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(31572291)

A review of the use of active seabird restoration techniques

Xiao Zhou1, Dongdong Chen1, Stephen W. Kress2, Shuihua Chen1,3,*()   

  1. 1 College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
    2 Seabird Restoration Program, National Audubon Society, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
    3 Zhejiang Museum of Natural History, Hangzhou 310014, China
  • Received:2016-12-30 Accepted:2017-03-20 Online:2017-04-20 Published:2017-04-20
  • Contact: Chen Shuihua

摘要:

全球多数海鸟种群处于受胁状态。针对这一状况, 鸟类学家根据海鸟的繁殖习性, 借助于人工招引技术恢复海鸟的种群及营建适宜的栖息地。海鸟人工招引技术主要包括社群吸引技术和雏鸟转移技术两大类。社群吸引技术是在人为选择和改造的栖息地内利用假鸟模型和声音回放吸引附近海鸟前来栖息的方法; 雏鸟转移是将恢复种群的雏鸟转移到改造好的栖息地内, 利用海鸟的成长地依赖性, 促使其在繁殖期主动回到生长地繁殖。这两种方法已在全世界16个国家和地区的64种海鸟, 一共171多个招引项目中得到了应用。在具体应用中, 应该因地制宜, 针对不同的海鸟种类和繁殖习性选择合适的方法, 可单独或结合使用。不论采用何种方法, 都应开展充分的前期研究, 选择并营造适宜的繁殖栖息地, 严格控制天敌, 密切监测, 及时排除威胁因素, 确保繁殖成功。我国沿海繁殖海鸟正面临多种威胁, 海鸟种群缩小和栖息地丧失严重, 海鸟人工招引技术的应用为我国沿海繁殖海鸟种群及其栖息地的恢复带来了希望。

关键词: 海鸟, 繁殖栖息地, 种群恢复, 社群吸引技术, 雏鸟转移

Abstract

Most seabird species are threatened or endangered. To restore their populations and breeding habitats, ornithologists have developed two major active seabird restoration techniques: social attraction and chick translocation. With social attraction, decoys and acoustic vocalization playback are used to lure breeding seabirds to the restoration site. In chick translocation, the chicks of focal species are translocated and reared at the restoration site with the goal that they will return and breed at the release site. We conducted a worldwide search and found 171 projects conducted in 16 countries/regions to restore 64 seabird species. These techniques are used either independently or in combination, depending on the breeding biology of the target species. For both methods, managers are encouraged to understand the species’ breeding ecology and preferred nesting habitat. Habitat management, predator control and close monitoring are key steps to assure the success of the restoration. The breeding seabirds of China’s coast face many threats and their populations and habitats have decreased rapidly in recent decades. Active seabird restoration techniques can help to expand ranges and provide resilience to threats by starting new nesting colonies along the coast of China.

Key words: seabird, breeding habitat, population restoration, social attraction, chick translocation