Abundance is an important parameter used to estimate the population size of various wildlife species. With the growing application of camera-traps (movement or heat activated) to monitoring wildlife, the relative abundance index (RAI) has become one of the most popular indicators of population abundance for inventories and assessment. Despite a simple and convenient indicator of population size, RAI obtained from camera-trapping data can be greatly affected by many factors such as species traits, detection rates and environmental factors. Therefore, we need verify the correlation between RAI and population density prior to its general application. So far, several types of RAIs have been developed based on camera-trapping data, and it is critical to compare these RAI indices and their applications. In this paper, we summarized the methods calculating RAI with camera-trapping data and reviewed their applications in wildlife monitoring and inventories in China. Four main types of RAIs were identified including (1) the number of days when one animal is photographed, (2) the number of photographs of focal species per 100 trap days, (3) the number of photographs of focal species per trap day, and (4) the proportion of photos from the focal species compared to all photos of all animals. Among them, the second RAI type is the most widely used (72.5%) in wildlife monitoring and inventories in China, and the fourth RAI type is used to compare species components in communities. Consequently, we recommend the second RAI type for estimating population abundance in particular when camera-trapping data are used for broad-scale comparisons over different spatial and temporal scales.

多度是衡量物种种群数量的参数之一, 多度的动态及其影响因素是种群生态学研究的经典问题。物种相对多度指数(relative abundance index, RAI)作为一种简单、便利的指标, 广泛应用于动物本底清查中。但RAI易受物种自身特征、探测率和环境因素的影响, 需要结合其他物种数量分析方法, 以验证其与种群大小的相关性。随着红外相机技术在野生动物调查中的广泛应用, 用红外相机数据估计动物种群数量的研究越来越多。目前, 基于红外相机数据计算RAI的方法有多种, 不同计算方法和应用范围存在差异, 亟需对现有方法和应用进行梳理。本文综述了根据红外相机数据计算物种相对多度的4种主要方法: (1)拍摄一张有效照片所需要的天数; (2)基于单位调查强度的物种拍摄率; (3)每个位点每天的物种拍摄率; (4)某一物种的照片数占所有物种的比例。总结了我国野生动物监测调查中采用红外相机方法计算RAI的应用现状。国内的研究主要采用第2种和第4种计算方法, 其中约72.5%的研究论文应用第2种计算方法, 而第4种方法一般适用于群落中的物种组成比较。我们建议根据红外相机数据计算RAI时尽量使用第2种计算方法, 这有助于研究或管理人员对不同研究中的物种RAI进行比较分析。

\n The evolution of high mountain floras is strongly influenced by tectonic and climatic history. Ding\n et al.\n document the timing, tempo, and mode by which the world's most species-rich alpine flora, that of the Tibet-Himalaya-Hengduan region, was assembled. Alpine assemblages in the region are older than previously thought, with lineages tracing their alpine ancestry to the early Oligocene—older than any other modern alpine system. Alpine species diversified faster during periods of orogeny and intensification of the Asian monsoon, and the Hengduan Mountains—the most species-rich area in this region—played a key biogeographic role as the location of the earliest pulse of alpine diversification in the Oligocene.\n

Quantification of global forest change has been lacking despite the recognized importance of forest ecosystem services. In this study, Earth observation satellite data were used to map global forest loss (2.3 million square kilometers) and gain (0.8 million square kilometers) from 2000 to 2012 at a spatial resolution of 30 meters. The tropics were the only climate domain to exhibit a trend, with forest loss increasing by 2101 square kilometers per year. Brazil's well-documented reduction in deforestation was offset by increasing forest loss in Indonesia, Malaysia, Paraguay, Bolivia, Zambia, Angola, and elsewhere. Intensive forestry practiced within subtropical forests resulted in the highest rates of forest change globally. Boreal forest loss due largely to fire and forestry was second to that in the tropics in absolute and proportional terms. These results depict a globally consistent and locally relevant record of forest change.

Potential impacts of projected climate change on biodiversity are often assessed using single-species bioclimatic ‘envelope’models. Such models are a special case of species distribution models in which the current geographical distribution of species is related to climatic variables so to enable projections of distributions under future climate change scenarios. This work reviews a number of critical methodological issues that may lead to uncertainty in predictions from bioclimatic modelling. Particular attention is paid to recent developments of bioclimatic modelling that address some of these issues as well as to the topics where more progress needs to be made. Developing and applying bioclimatic models in a informative way requires good understanding of a wide range of methodologies, including the choice of modelling technique, model validation, collinearity, autocorrelation, biased sampling of explanatory variables, scaling and impacts of non-climatic factors. A key challenge for future research is integrating factors such as land cover, direct CO2 effects, biotic interactions and dispersal mechanisms into species-climate models. We conclude that, although bioclimatic envelope models have a number of important advantages, they need to be applied only when users of models have a thorough understanding of their limitations and uncertainties.

During the last two decades, infrared-triggered camera-trapping has been widely used in wildlife and biodiversity research and conservation. In the areas of wildlife ecology research, animal species inventory, biodiversity monitoring and protected area management in China, considerable outputs have been produced by scientific research and conservation applications based on camera-trapping. This technique has been successfully used to detect rare or elusive species, conduct biodiversity inventory, study animal behavior, estimate population parameters, and evaluate the effectiveness of protected area management. Along with the rapid development of modern ecological analysis and modeling tools, camera-trapping will play a more important role in wildlife research at various levels. Meanwhile, along with improvements in techniques, decreasing cost and increasing application interests, camera-trapping will be adopted by more researchers, wildlife managers and protected areas, and can be used for systematic wildlife monitoring using standard protocols. Efforts devoted to its future development and applications should focus on establishing systematically-designed monitoring networks and data-sharing protocols, and developing new analytical approaches and statistical models specifically based on camera-trapping data.

20年来, 红外相机技术在国内外野生动物研究、监测与保护中得到了广泛应用。基于红外相机技术, 我国在野生动物生态学研究、动物行为学研究、稀有物种的探测与记录、动物本底资源调查、生物多样性监测及保护地管理与保护评价等领域取得了众多成果。目前, 数学模型、统计分析方法和新的概念正在促进红外相机技术在野生动物监测研究与保护管理中的发展和推广应用。同时, 随着红外相机技术的成熟、成本降低和应用普及, 这一技术也将会被更多的野生动物研究人员、管理人员和自然保护区管理者所采用, 并成为全国各级保护地和区域生物多样性监测研究的关键技术和方法。今后, 建立并完善系统化的监测网络和数据共享平台、开发新一代的数据分析方法与模型, 将是此项技术进一步发展和应用的主要方向。

于1999～2001年调查了神农架自然保护区6个地点不同栖息地的非飞行哺乳动物的物种丰富度。栖息地分为8类：原始林、择伐林（采伐枯立木）、次生林、灌木林、草地、常年性河流水溪、农田和人居住区。小型非飞行哺乳动物调查用捕鼠夹；大型非飞行哺乳动物调查主要根据皮张收购资料以及样线法和痕迹法；用10 m×10 m的样方调查林地树种丰富度。调查发现，神农架自然保护区有非飞行哺乳动物59种［不包括引进种梅花鹿（Cervus nippon）］。在同一海拔高度，原始林通常比择伐林和次生林的物种丰富度高，说明采伐严重降低了物种丰富度。对比同一栖息地不同海拔高度的物种丰富度，我们发现，在中海拔地段（800～1700 m）物种丰富度最高：如在原始林和次生林，海拔1700 m的东溪物种丰富度最高；在择伐林，海拔800 m的九冲物种丰富度最高。聚类分析显示，6个地点的哺乳动物物种组成可以分为两组：高海拔组（2100 m以上）和中低海拔组（1700 m以下）。各地点的哺乳动物物种组成与植被的垂直分布是一致的。各地点的物种丰富度与单位面积（100 m²）树种平均丰富度、栖息地类型数和海拔高度相关。3个环境变量间也是相关的：海拔高度对单位面积树种平均丰富度和栖息地类型数有重要影响。根据研究结果提出两点保护建议：第一，保护区的移民迁出和退耕还林工程应首先在物种丰富度最高的九冲进行，而后是东溪和下谷；第二，为了增加个体流和基因流，保护区东西两片相间的非保护区地带应划入保护区，建立栖息地廊道。

2009 年4 ～8 月利用铗日法对螺髻山自然保护区非飞行小型哺乳动物的多样性进行了调查。调查于海拔1 800 ～4 150 m间按梯度设置7 个采集样地,每个采集样地内设3 个样带并置铗,有效布铗10 500铗次,捕获非飞行小型哺乳动物5 科8 属15 种,共491 个个体。调查结果表明,调查区域内非飞行小型哺乳动物群落的相对丰富度、丰富度和多样性指数均与海拔存在显著的相关性。统计分析显示:位于阴坡且与水源地相距较近的样地的物种相对丰富度明显高于位于阳坡、距离水源地远的样地;植被类型丰富、降水量充分的中海拔地区(2 200 ～ 2 600 m) 相对丰富度、丰富度和多样性达到最高;而在高海拔(> 3 800 m) 和低海拔区域(< 2 000 m)则较低。非飞行小型哺乳动物的多样性以中低山阔叶灌丛林与亚热带针阔混交林中最高,而在高山流石滩、高山草甸与河谷灌草丛中较低。在本研究的调查区域内,中海拔地区多样性和丰富度最大可能是非飞行小型哺乳动物垂直多样性分布的一个重要特点。

Human Footprint, the pressure imposed on the eco-environment by changing ecological processes and natural landscapes, is raising worldwide concerns on biodiversity and ecological conservation. Due to the lack of spatiotemporally consistent datasets of Human Footprint over a long temporal span, many relevant studies on this topic have been limited. Here, we mapped the annual dynamics of the global Human Footprint from 2000 to 2018 using eight variables that reflect different aspects of human pressures. The accuracy assessment revealed a good agreement between our mapped results and the previously developed datasets in different years. We found more than two million km of wilderness (i.e., regions with Human Footprint values below one) were lost over the past two decades. The biome dominated by mangroves experienced the most significant loss (i.e., above 5%) of wilderness, likely attributed to intensified human activities in coastal areas. The derived annual and spatiotemporally consistent global Human Footprint can be a fundamental dataset for many relevant studies about human activities and natural resources.© 2022. The Author(s).

The factors determining gradients of biodiversity are a fundamental yet unresolved topic in ecology. While diversity gradients have been analysed for numerous single taxa, progress towards general explanatory models has been hampered by limitations in the phylogenetic coverage of past studies. By parallel sampling of 25 major plant and animal taxa along a 3.7 km elevational gradient on Mt. Kilimanjaro, we quantify cross-taxon consensus in diversity gradients and evaluate predictors of diversity from single taxa to a multi-taxa community level. While single taxa show complex distribution patterns and respond to different environmental factors, scaling up diversity to the community level leads to an unambiguous support for temperature as the main predictor of species richness in both plants and animals. Our findings illuminate the influence of taxonomic coverage for models of diversity gradients and point to the importance of temperature for diversification and species coexistence in plant and animal communities.

Patterns in the distribution of species richness have always been a central theme in macroecology. The karst landforms in Southwest China (mainly Guangxi, Yunnan and Guizhou provinces) are among the largest of the global biodiversity hotspots. In this study, we sought to understand spatial patterns of amphibian species richness and its relationship with environmental factors. We compiled a large dataset of 18,246 records of point location data for 219 amphibian species occurring in China. We retrieved this data from published literature, Herpetology museums of Chengdu Institute of Biology and Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Museum of Nature and the Central South University of Forestry and Technology, and published sources. We used this data to generate the potential distributions of each species using ecological niche modeling. We combined the potential distributions maps of all species into a composite map to describe species richness patterns on the grid cell of 10 km × 10 km, and then conducted multivariate regression and model selection. Our results showed that 12 species were distributed only in karst area, accounting for 5.48% of the total species pool, 104 species were found in non-karst area (47.49% of total species), and 103 species were found in both karst area and non-karst area (47.03% of total species). Based on the raw data of museum collections data and MaxEnt species distribution modeling, we found that amphibian species richness in the study area decreased at higher latitudes. Karst landforms and non-karst landforms differed in their distribution patterns of amphibian species richness (χ2 = 36.47, P < 0.0001), but the model was a poor fit to the data (McFadden’s Rho square = 0.0037). The most significant environmental predictors of species richness were mean annual rainfall (R2 = 0.232, P < 0.001) and precipitation of driest Month (R2 = 0.221, P < 0.001). The results based on model selection showed that underlying mechanisms related to landforms and different ecological hypotheses might simultaneously explain patterns of amphibian species richness in the study area. Future research should examine other biological factors such as interference, predation, and competition to understand the mechanisms controlling patterns of amphibian species richness.

物种丰富度分布格局的成因机制一直是宏观生态学研究的热点问题之一。中国西南地区喀斯特地貌区(以广西、云南和贵州为主)是世界上面积最大的喀斯特地貌区, 也是全球范围内34个生物多样性热点地区之一。为了解该区域两栖动物物种丰富度分布格局及其与环境因子之间的关系, 本研究根据中国科学院成都生物研究所标本馆、中国科学院昆明动物研究所标本馆、广西壮族自治区自然博物馆和中南林业科技大学动物标本室收藏的标本数据, 以及公开发表的文献数据, 共获得18,246条两栖动物记录(219个物种), 然后运用生态位模型估测每个物种的潜在分布区, 并把每个物种的潜在分布区叠加起来, 最终得到该区域在10 km &#x000b4;10 km生态位模型空间尺度上的两栖物种丰富度地理分布格局图, 最后进行多元回归和模型选择分析。结果表明: 有12种两栖动物仅在喀斯特地貌区分布, 占物种总数的5.48%; 有104种两栖动物仅在非喀斯特地貌区分布, 占物种总数的47.49%; 有103种两栖动物在喀斯特地貌区和非喀斯特地貌区均有分布, 占物种总数的47.03%; 两栖动物物种丰富度随纬度的增高而降低; 地貌类型(喀斯特地貌和非喀斯特地貌)对两栖动物物种丰富度的分布格局有显著影响(&#x003c7;² = 36.47, P &#x0003C; 0.0001), 但模型拟合效果差(McFadden&#x02019;s Rho square = 0.0037)。影响该区域两栖动物物种丰富度分布格局最大的环境因子是年均降雨量(R²= 0.232, P &#x0003C; 0.001), 其次是最干月平均降雨量(R²= 0.221, P &#x0003C; 0.001)。该区域两栖动物物种丰富度的格局主要是由地貌和不同的环境因子共同相互作用的结果, 不过仍有相当一部分物种丰富度的分布格局未被解释。因此, 要更全面地认识该区域两栖动物物种丰富度格局的形成机制, 有必要加强干扰、捕食、竞争等其他生物因子的影响研究。

中国是全球兽类物种多样性最高的国家之一，掌握我国兽类物种多样性和分类地位是兽类学研究的基础前提，也是科学保护野生种群的前提。为厘清中国兽类的物种数量及分类地位等关键分类学信息，中国动物学会兽类学分会组织国内长期致力于兽类各类群分类的科学研究人员，在总结前人研究的基础上，根据最新的形态学和分子遗传学证据，综合现代兽类分类学家意见，经编委会充分讨论，形成了最新的中国兽类名录，包括我国现阶段兽类12目59科254属686种。该中国兽类名录使用基于系统发生关系的分类系统，并对物种有效性进行了充分慎重的确认和讨论。

Infrared-camera technology (i.e. camera trapping) has been widely used recently for species inventories and related assessment of terrestrial vertebrates in protected areas across the world. In this study, we provide a case study for how to assess species inventory data of terrestrial birds and mammals based on camera trapping in the Chebaling National Nature Reserve, Guangdong Province. Using camera trapping data from 2017 across the whole area with 80 grids (grid size, 1 km 2) in the reserve, we recorded 15 medium and large mammal species and three pheasant species. Based on species accumulation curves as a function of grids and camera days when 90% of expected species richness was recorded in the reserve, the minimum grids with fixed camera days and the minimum camera days with fixed grids were less during the wet season (June-August) than during the dry season (October-December). Moreover, the minimum grids with fixed camera days and the minimum camera days with fixed grids during the dry season were less than during the wet season. Based the camera trapping data, the species inventory assessment in the reserve can cover species lists and species richness of terrestrial birds and mammals, as well as relative abundance, distribution and voucher images of each species. Therefore, the Chebaling case based on the whole-area species inventory and assessment can provide technical references for China’s natural protected areas.

From May 2014 to April 2019, we conducted camera-trapping surveys in the Qianjiangyuan National Park, Zhejiang Province. We divided the park into a grid containing 267 1 km × 1 km plots, with 3 fixed survey stations (> 300 m apart from each other) in each plot. One camera trap was set up in each plot and rotated among the stations within the plot every four months. In the Gutianshan section of the park, the cameras were running for 14 rotations from 2014-2019. The survey started in Hetian, Qixi and Changhong in 2018, and the cameras were rotated once in Qixi and twice in Hetian and Changhong. With a survey effort of 140,413 camera-days from 741 stations in 253 grids, we obtained 268,833 pictures/videos resulting in 74,368 independent detections. The survey recorded 21 wild mammalian and 72 avian species, as well as 5 domestic animal species. Among the species, two (black muntjac Muntiacus crinifrons and Elliot’s pheasant Syrmaticus ellioti) are Class I, and seventeen are Class II national protected animals, accounting for 20.4% of total recorded wild species. Five species are red-listed by the IUCN as Vulnerable and four as Near Threatened, accounting for 9.7% of the total recorded wild species. One species is red-listed as Endangered, nine as Vulnerable and ten as Near Threatened by Red list of China’s vertebrates, accounting for 21.5% of the total recorded wild species. The most detected mammal species was Reeve’s muntjac Muntiacus reevesi, and the most detected bird species was silver pheasant Lophura nycthemera. Our results provide reliable baseline information on the species composition, their spatial distribution, and relative abundance of mammals and birds in the Qianjiangyuan National Park.

2014年5月至2019年4月, 作者采用红外相机技术调查了浙江省钱江源国家公园的兽类及鸟类多样性。将整个国家公园划分为267个1 km × 1 km的调查网格, 每个网格内设置3个固定调查位点, 使用1台红外相机定期在同一网格内的位点之间进行轮换。其中, 古田山片区在5年内共完成14轮次调查, 古田山以外的区域自2018年7月纳入调查范围, 何田、长虹片区完成2次轮换, 齐溪片区完成1次轮换。在253个网格内的741个有效位点上共获得140,413个相机工作日的数据, 采集兽类和鸟类的照片和视频268,833份, 有效探测数74,368次, 鉴定出21种野生兽类, 72种野生鸟类, 5种家畜及家禽。包括国家一级重点保护野生动物2种, 即黑麂(Muntiacus crinifrons)、白颈长尾雉(Syrmaticus ellioti); 国家二级重点保护野生动物17种, 合计占野生物种总数的20.4%。被IUCN物种红色名录评估为易危(VU)的5种, 近危(NT)的4种, 合计占物种总数的9.7%。被中国脊椎动物红色名录评估为濒危(EN)的1种, 易危(VU)的9种, 近危(NT)的10种, 合计占物种总数的21.5%。相对多度指数最高的大中型兽类为小麂(Muntiacus reevesi), 鸟类为白鹇(Lophura nycthemera)。本次调查获得了国家公园内兽类和鸟类的多样性组成、空间分布和相对多度, 为长期科研监测和科学管理提供了基础数据。

To compare the effectiveness of camera trapping to more common mist netting, fixed-distance line transect, and fixed-radius point count methods of forest birds, we surveyed bird species diversity at Nanling National Nature Reserve and Chebaling National Nature Reserve, Guangdong, China from 2011 to 2016. At Nanling, 222 bird species were recorded by fixed-distance line transect and fixed-radius point count methods, 43 bird species were captured by mist netting and 47 bird species were trapped by cameras. One species was captured only by mist netting, six species only by camera-trapping, and 164 species only by fixed-distance line transect and fixed-radius point count methods. At Chebaling, 109 bird species were recorded by fixed-distance line transect and fixed-radius point count methods, 42 by mist nets and 27 by cameras. Nine species were recorded only by mist netting, three only by camera-trapping, and 97 only by fixed-distance line transect and fixed-radius point count methods. At both sites, the number of birds captured by mist netting was negatively correlated with increasing body size, whether measured as body weight, body length, wing length, or tarsus length. By contrast, the number of birds photographed by camera traps was positively correlated with the same measures of body size. These results show that bird surveys using different methods may yield different results and that method should be selected to suit the body size of the target bird species. In surveying bird diversity of a wide range of body sizes, mist netting and camera trapping together would be complimentary methods. Our results suggest that a combination of research methods may be necessary to obtain reliable avian diversity estimates.

为了探讨红外相机技术、网捕法、固定距离样线法和固定半径样点法对森林鸟类多样性调查的有效性和实用性, 我们于2011-2016年, 用这几种方法调查了广东南岭国家级自然保护区和车八岭国家级自然保护区的鸟类多样性。在南岭, 固定距离样线法和固定半径样点法记录鸟类222种, 网捕鸟类43种, 红外相机拍到鸟类47种; 其中1种鸟仅网捕到, 6种鸟仅被红外相机拍到, 164种鸟仅被固定距离样线法和固定半径样点法记录到。在车八岭, 固定距离样线法和固定半径样点法记录鸟类109种, 网捕鸟类42种, 红外相机拍到鸟类27种, 其中9种鸟仅网捕到, 3种鸟仅被红外相机拍到, 97种鸟仅被固定距离样线法和固定半径样点法记录到。随着鸟类的体重、体长、翅长和跗蹠增加, 网捕到的鸟类个体数量减少, 鸟类身体大小与网捕到的鸟类数量呈显著负相关; 而红外相机拍到的鸟类数量随鸟类的身体大小增大而增加, 并且呈显著的正相关。本文的结果显示, 网捕法和红外相机技术针对不同类群的鸟类调查效力不同, 但都是固定距离样线法和固定半径样点法的有效补充。建议今后开展森林鸟类多样性调查与监测时, 尽量采用多种研究方法相结合, 以求达到最优的效果。

The Nanling Mountains contain one of the most important subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests on earth, as compared with other regions at the same latitudes．The region forms an important ecological barrier in southern China and is the source of several significant rivers, including the Xiangjiang, Ganjiang and Beijiang Rivers．The unique Danxia landform led to international recognition of the importance of the Nanling Mountains in the 20th century．Over the past 90 years, research in the Nanling Mountains area has included geological structure, granite mineralization, Danxia landform, climate change, biodiversity, flora, large fungi and the monitoring of birds, mammals and butterflies．There has also been research into evergreen broad-leaved forests, the Nanling Corridors, nature reserves, landscape patterns and ecological tourism．We found that the Nanling region was of great significance not only in relation to studies of its physical and human geography, geosciences and life sciences, such as biodiversity, flora and ecosystems, but also for inter-disciplinary and multi-disciplinary research．We suggest that the region could be used as a long-term research base with high potential values for comprehensive, inter-disciplinary and multi-disciplinary research．

During the past two decades, camera-trapping has been widely used in biodiversity monitoring and wildlife research across China. Most of the existing camera-trapping projects focus on mammals, and birds are frequently considered in by-catch records. We analyzed 230 wildlife camera-trapping research projects in China since 1992, on the basis of an exhaustive review of Chinese and English literature, including published articles, conference reports, public news, and additional unpublished datasets. Results showed that at least 393 wild bird species, belonging to 17 orders and 56 families and accounting for 28.67% of the total number of bird species in China, have been documented using camera-trapping since 1992. The order with the most recorded species was Passeriformes (268). On the family level, Turdidae had the highest number of recorded species (58), followed by Timaliidae (50) and Phasianidae (42). There were 23 families that each only had one recorded species. Ground- and understory-dwelling forest birds accounted for the majority of all birds recorded, in terms of either species richness or camera detections. Published bird records were characterized by regional imbalances. Sichuan and Yunnan provinces were the most surveyed provinces, with 16 and 14 sites, respectively. The highest species richness was recorded in Sichuan (160), followed by Yunnan (91) and Zhejiang (66). A total of 104 new regionally recorded species were reported. Given the fact that there is still an abundance of camera-trapping data that has not been published, we speculated that the actual recorded bird species should be higher. These results indicated that camera-trapping can produce considerable bird distribution data of high accuracy, high quality and large amounts, which may provide a significant contribution to biodiversity monitoring and regional inventories of birds in China. Terrestrial birds, including Galliformes, Turdidae and Timaliidae, should be included as one of the target groups in current and future monitoring networks using standardized camera-trapping techniques, and such networks could also complement data and support the inventory and diversity monitoring of other taxa.

近20年来, 红外相机调查技术在我国生物多样性监测与野生动物研究中得到了广泛应用。已有的红外相机调查不仅关注哺乳动物类群, 而且也记录到了大量鸟类物种, 但大多被作为兽类监测中的兼捕(by-catch)记录。我们系统检索并收集了1992年以来, 在我国使用红外相机技术的野生动物监测与研究所发表的学术文献、会议报告、新闻报道和部分未发表数据集共230篇(份), 从中提取并汇总鸟类物种与分布记录。结果显示, 全国通过红外相机技术共记录到至少393个鸟种, 分属17目56科, 占全国鸟类物种总数的28.67%, 其中雀形目物种数最多(268种)。在科的水平上, 记录到物种数最多的分别是鸫科(58种)、画眉科(50种)与雉科(42种); 另有23科各仅记录到1个物种。在物种数及探测数方面, 地面及林下层活动的森林鸟类均是红外相机记录到的绝对优势类群。已发表的红外相机鸟类记录具有区域性不均衡的特征, 四川(16个)和云南(14个)是红外相机调查点最多的省区, 而四川(160种)、云南(91种)和浙江(66种)则是记录到鸟类物种数最多的省区。据不完全统计, 红外相机共记录到区域性鸟类物种新记录104种(次)。考虑到仍有大量红外相机调查中的鸟类记录被忽视或未及发表报道, 我国红外相机所记录到的实际鸟类物种多样性应该更高。这些结果表明, 红外相机技术在我国鸟类多样性监测和区域性编目工作中具有重要的作用, 可以提供高精度、高质量和大数据量的鸟类物种分布数据。对于以鸡形目为代表的地栖鸟类, 可以作为目标类群之一纳入现有的基于红外相机技术的标准化长期监测体系, 而这样的监测体系也可以为其他鸟类类群的多样性编目和监测提供数据补充和支持。