生物多样性, 2023, 31(6): 22537 doi: 10.17520/biods.2022537

省级植物名录专题II

福建省维管植物名录

安昌,1,2,#, 庄怡雪,3,#, 郑平1, 林彦翔3, 杨成梓,3,*, 秦源,,1,2,*

1.福建农林大学生命科学学院福建省海峡植物应用系统生物学重点实验室, 福州 350002

2.广西大学农学院, 南宁 530004

3.福建中医药大学药学院, 福州 350122

A checklist of vascular plants in Fujian Province, China

Chang An,1,2,#, Yixue Zhuang,3,#, Ping Zheng1, Yanxiang Lin3, Chengzi Yang,3,*, Yuan Qin,,1,2,*

1. Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002

2. College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004

3. College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122

通讯作者: * E-mail:tiebaojin@163.com;yuanqin@fafu.edu.cn

第一联系人: # 共同第一作者

编委: 陈又生

责任编辑: 黄祥忠

收稿日期: 2022-09-19   接受日期: 2022-11-22  

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金(31970333)
国家自然科学基金(32100168)
福建省自然科学基金(2020J01594)
福建省自然科学基金(2021J05061)
中医药公共卫生服务补助专项(财社[2019]39号)

Corresponding authors: * E-mail:tiebaojin@163.com;yuanqin@fafu.edu.cn

First author contact: # Co-first authors

Received: 2022-09-19   Accepted: 2022-11-22  

摘要

经几代人前赴后继的野外科考和孳孳不息的伏案整理, 福建植物多样性调查及保护工作历久弥新。为全面更新和了解福建省维管植物资源的现状, 近年来已开展的福建省维管植物多样性相关调查与科考工作成果亟需进一步梳理和呈现。本文在《福建植物志》(1982-1995年)的基础上, 通过收集文献、考证标本、查阅相关志书及数据库, 并结合笔者及众多一线调查工作者的野外调查结果, 依照维管植物最新的分类系统(APG IV系统、杨氏系统、PPG I系统)整理出福建省维管植物名录, 包含科属信息、中文名、拉丁名、物种的省内分布及数据来源等信息。结果显示, 福建省野生、归化及栽培维管植物共计256科1,807属5,587种(其中野生植物231科1,402属4,550种), 其中石松类和蕨类植物32科102属414种, 裸子植物10科38属76种, 被子植物214科1,667属5,097种, 较《福建植物志》记载数据新增8科216属1,107种。从数据分析可知, 石松类和蕨类植物物种数排列前5位的科为鳞毛蕨科(67种)、水龙骨科(51种)、凤尾蕨科(51种)、金星蕨科(42种)和蹄盖蕨科(38种); 裸子植物中物种数最多的科和属分别为柏科(15属25种)和松属(Pinus, 14种); 被子植物物种数量排列前10位的科分别为禾本科(452种)、豆科(305种)、菊科(279种)、兰科(244种)、莎草科(225种)、蔷薇科(198种)、唇形科(188种)、茜草科(126种)、锦葵科(85种)和樟科(80种), 总计2,180个物种, 占福建省维管植物物种总数的39.0%; 物种数排列前5位的属分别为薹草属(Carex, 94种)、悬钩子属(Rubus, 58种)、冬青属(Ilex, 54种)、刚竹属(Phyllostachys, 38种)和蓼属(Persicaria, 36种)。本研究旨在后植物志时代对福建省维管植物的物种名录进行修订和更新, 进一步完善物种分布概况和标本信息, 以期为福建省植物多样性调查、评估及保护, 植物学相关学科的发展以及《福建植物志》的再版等提供基础资料。

关键词: 福建省; 维管植物; 名录; 新种; 新分布

Abstract

Aims: To comprehensively understand the current status of vascular plants and provide background materials for the conservation of plant diversity in Fujian Province, the list of vascular plants in the region needs to be updated. This study revises and updates the species list of vascular plants in Fujian Province in the post-flora era.

Methods: Based on Flora of Fujian, we refered to related literature, examined herbarium specimens, consulted relevant lists and databases, and incorporated the results of field investigations conducted by the authors and other front-line peers. The checklist of vascular plants in Fujian Province was sorted according to the latest classification systems of vascular plants (APG IV system, Yang system, and PPG I system). The list included the family and genus information, Chinese name and Latin name, and the county and city distribution information data sources for each species.

Results: In total, there were 5,587 species belonging to 256 families and 1,807 genera of wild, naturalized, and cultivated vascular plants in Fujian Province (wild: 231 families, 1,402 genera, and 4,550 species). This included 414 species of lycophytes and ferns belonging to 102 genera and 32 families, 76 species of gymnosperms belonging to 38 genera and 10 families, and 5,097 species of angiosperms belonging to 1,667 genera and 214 families, respectively. Compared with Flora of Fujian, 8 families, 216 genera, and 1,107 species were newly added. The five largest families of lycophytes and ferns species were Dryopteridaceae (67), Polypodiaceae (51), Pteridaceae (51), Thelypteridaceae (42), and Athyriaceae (38). Among the gymnosperms, the families and the genera with the largest number of species were Cupressaceae (15 genera, 25 species) and Pinus (14 species), respectively. The top 10 largest families of angiosperms are Poaceae (452), Leguminosae (305), Compositae (279), Orchidaceae (244), Cyperaceae (225), Rosaceae (198), Labiata (188), Rubiaceae (126), Malvaceae (85), and Lauraceae (80), with a total of 2,180 species, accounting for 39.0% of the total number of vascular plant species in Fujian Province. The top five largest genera were Carex (94), Rubus (58), Ilex (54), Phyllostachys (38) and Persicaria (36).

Conclusions: This work improves the species distribution profile and specimen information, thus providing basic information for the survey, assessment, and conservation of plant diversity in Fujian Province. Additionally, this study can be used to further develop botany-related disciplines, and the revision of Flora of Fujian.

Keywords: Fujian Province; vascular plants; list; new species; new geographic distribution

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本文引用格式

安昌, 庄怡雪, 郑平, 林彦翔, 杨成梓, 秦源 (2023) 福建省维管植物名录. 生物多样性, 31, 22537. doi:10.17520/biods.2022537.

Chang An, Yixue Zhuang, Ping Zheng, Yanxiang Lin, Chengzi Yang, Yuan Qin (2023) A checklist of vascular plants in Fujian Province, China. Biodiversity Science, 31, 22537. doi:10.17520/biods.2022537.

福建省地处中国东南沿海, 东北与浙江省毗邻, 西北部横亘武夷山脉与江西省接壤, 西南部与广东省相连, 东隔台湾海峡与台湾省相望, 具有优越的自然地理条件。福建省境内峰岭耸峙, 丘陵连绵, 河谷、盆地穿插其间, 山地、丘陵占全省总面积的80%以上, 素有“八山一水一分田”之称。福建省地形以山地丘陵为主, 由闽西、闽中两列东北-西南走向的大山带为脊干, 构成福建省地形的骨架。蜿蜒于闽赣边界附近的闽西大山带由武夷山脉(主峰黄岗山)、杉岭山脉等组成; 斜贯中部的闽中大山带被闽江、九龙江截为3部分: 闽江干流以北为鹫峰山脉; 闽江与九龙江之间为戴云山脉(主峰戴云山); 九龙江以南为博平岭。东部沿海为丘陵、台地和滨海平原, 陆地海岸线长3,752 km, 总体地形地势为西北高东南低。福建省位于北回归线以北, 受季风环流和地形的影响, 形成暖热湿润的亚热带海洋性季风气候, 雨热丰富, 气候条件优越, 孕育了丰富的维管植物资源, 形成了典型的亚热带植物区系(曾文彬, 1983)。

福建拥有多样的森林和湿地生态系统, 维管植物物种多样性极为丰富(刘树明和刘剑秋, 2011)。1982-1995年出版的《福建植物志》(6卷)共收录福建省维管植物248科1,596属4,724种(福建省科学技术委员会, 1982-1995)。近年来, 随着植物分类学和植物系统学等学科的高速发展, 《福建植物志》已无法全面、系统、广泛地反映福建省维管植物概况: (1)数据资料不足。随着学科的发展及细化, 一系列植物专科专属的研究陆续开展, 获得了大量分子数据及标本凭证, 许多传统概念上的科属单位被拆分和重组, 如并系群(paraphyletic group)的合并, 多系群(polyphyletic group)的拆分等。同时, 随着研究的不断深入, 一些曾经被接受的“物种”被归并, 导致部分植物学名出现了较大变化, 而大量异名的使用导致了许多种级单位的混乱。另外, 随着大批调查项目如第二次全国重点保护野生植物资源调查(2012)、第四次全国中药资源普查(2012)、第一次林木种质资源调查(2016)、华东-福建本土植物清查与保护(2017)、全国兰科植物专项调查(2018)等的深入开展, 标本采集数量不断提升, 大量新种新分布被陆续发现。此外, 随着环境的变迁和人口流动频率的增加, 在沿海县市陆续有从外地或外国传入或侵入的植物被报道, 福建省野生维管植物本底数据不断增加和完善(郑丽香等, 2016; 王海阁等, 2018)。综上, 现有植物志资料已无法满足科研工作的需求。(2)分类系统陈旧。近20年来, 植物分类学领域发生了一场分子革命, 以DNA测序为基础的分子系统学已成为探究维管植物的起源、演化及类群间亲缘关系的普遍性手段, 植物分类学家逐渐为我们呈现出一个更准确、自然的系统演化关系树。在综合新研究成果的基础上, 被子植物的APG IV系统(APG IV, 2016)、裸子植物的杨氏系统(Yang et al, 2022)、石松类和蕨类植物的PPG I系统(PPG I, 2016)被相继提出和接受。这也导致了许多植物类群在经典分类学时代所推测的亲缘关系被推翻或重新定义。例如, 此前属于蕨类的石松类植物, 现代系统学研究已经充分证明它是早于蕨类和种子植物形成分化出的一支, 故现已将其从蕨类当中独立出来, 成为蕨类和被子植物的姐妹群(张宪春等, 2013; 张丽兵, 2017; 王婷等, 2022); 传统分类中根据形态特征将莲科归入睡莲目, 然而根据分子证据其被置于山龙眼目, 与山龙眼科关系密切(Savolainen et al, 2000), 等等。总之, 许多科属的界限随着分子数据的完善已发生了颠覆性改变, 而现有《福建植物志》显然无法很好地链接到当今植物系统与进化生物学的最前沿成果。

随着野外科考的深入以及以DNA序列为基础的分类系统的发展完善, 以科属水平来重新梳理福建省的植物名录, 进一步更新福建省野生维管植物名录的工作显得尤为重要。全面完整的维管植物名录资料可为《福建植物志》的再版、省内相关植物图鉴及科普材料的编研提供可靠参考, 对掌握福建野生植物资源的现状及开展相应的生物多样性保护行动具有重要意义。因此, 本文在已有资料的基础上, 全面收集了1995年以来福建省维管植物研究的相关文献, 结合笔者多年的调查数据和研究结果, 对福建省野生维管植物名录进行了全面地整理、完善和更新, 以期为后续相关工作提供基础资料, 并为更深入的调查和科研工作指明方向。

1 材料与方法

本名录的数据材料主要来源于3部分。(1)《福建植物志》收录的维管植物; (2)近年来发表的福建省维管植物新种及新分布文章信息, 主要来自国内外各大期刊数据库, 包括: Web of Science (https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/summary)、中国知网(https://www.cnki.net)、万方数据知识服务平台(https://www.wanfangdata.com.cn)和中文科技期刊数据库(维普) (http://www.cqvip.com)上公开发表的福建省维管植物分布新记录文章和资料; (3)《福建植物志》未曾收载, 而《中国植物志》、Flora of China (http://www.iplant.cn/foc)、《中国高等植物图鉴》(中国科学院植物研究所, 1972)、《福建省中药资源名录》(杨成梓和林羽, 2021)、《中国外来入侵植物志》(马金双, 2020-2021)、华东和华南地区主要志书、名录及研究资料中记载福建省分布的维管植物; 物种2000中国节点数据库(http://www.sp2000.org.cn/)中明确记载福建省为分布地的维管植物。数据收集截至2022年10月31日。

收集整理过程如下: (1)数据集去重。通过数据电子化及交互检索(王洪峰等, 2022), 将上述所有数据汇总、整合为福建省维管植物名录的原始数据并制作成表格, 在物种2000中国节点数据库(http://www.sp2000.org.cn/)依次校对, 结合最新分类研究中科属种级单位的合并、拆分, 修改表中物种中文正名、拉丁学名后去除重复名称, 保留唯一物种科属信息。(2)分类系统更新。依照相应系统分别对石松类及蕨类植物、裸子植物及被子植物3大类进行重新定义和系统排列。其中, 石松类和蕨类植物按照PPG I系统(PPG I, 2016), 裸子植物按照杨氏系统(Yang et al, 2022), 被子植物按照APG IV系统(APG IV, 2016)。(3)地理分布信息及标本信息整理。依据植物志信息、野外调查资料及近年来福建省内各种图鉴书籍等记载的分布信息完善各个物种的地理分布信息, 通过中国数字植物标本馆(https://www.cvh.ac.cn)检索标本记录, 并尽可能为每个名称引证至少1份采自福建省的凭证标本。最后以Excel文件形式呈现修订后的数据集, 主要字段有: 科中文名、科拉丁名、属中文名、属拉丁名、中文正名、拉丁学名、命名人、省内分布点、资源型、标本馆藏信息、数据来源及备注等(附录1)。另外, 对存疑物种的处理做了相应的注释, 以便读者参考(附录2)。

2 结果

2.1 福建省维管植物的组成及特点

经统计, 福建省野生、归化及栽培维管植物共256科1,807属5,587种(包含种下等级), 其中野生维管植物有231科1,402属4,550种(附录1)。包括石松类和蕨类植物32科102属414种, 裸子植物10科38属76种, 被子植物214科1,667属5,097种。在科级水平, 上述3类植物分别占福建省野生维管植物总科数的12.5%、3.9%及83.6%; 属级水平, 分别为5.6%、2.1%及92.3%; 种级水平, 分别为7.4%、1.4%及91.2% (表1)。在物种数上, 禾本科包含的种级单位最多, 有452个, 除此之外, 物种数排在前10位的科还有豆科(305种)、菊科(279种)、兰科(244种)、莎草科(225种)、蔷薇科(198种)、唇形科(188种)、茜草科(126种)、锦葵科(85种)和樟科(80种)。

表1   福建省维管植物组成总览

Table 1  Summary of vascular plants composition in Fujian Province

类群
Taxon
科数 No. of families (%)属数 No. of genera (%)种数 No. of species (%)
石松类和蕨类植物
Lycophytes and ferns
32 (12.5)102 (5.6)414 (7.4)
裸子植物
Gymnosperms
10 (3.9)38 (2.1)76 (1.4)
被子植物
Angiosperms
214 (83.6)1,667 (92.3)5,097 (91.2)
合计 Total256 (100)1,807 (100)5,587 (100)

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另外, 除2013年在福建省内新发现的霉草科外(杨成梓等, 2013), 还更新了48个科级单位(包括更名、合并、拆分等) (表2)。如原莲座蕨科(Angiopteridaceae)、蚌壳蕨科(Dicksoniaceae)分别更名为合囊蕨科(Marattiaceae)和金毛狗科(Cibotiaceae); 原钟萼木科/伯乐树科(Bretschneideraceae)降为属级伯乐树属(Bretschneidera), 并入叠珠树科(Akaniaceae); 原桑科(Moraceae)大麻属(Cannabis)、葎草属(Humulus), 榆科朴属(Celtis)、青檀属(Pterocelti)转移至大麻科(Cannabaceae), 原胡麻科(Pedaliaceae)被拆分, 芝麻属(Sesamum)并入芝麻科(Pedaliaceae)。其他多个科属均有不同程度的拆分, 其中百合科拆分重组最为明显, 所有物种被拆分并入9个科: 无叶莲科、天门冬科、藜芦科、阿福花科、沼金花科、秋水仙科、百合科、石蒜科和菝葜科; 虎耳草科拆为扯根菜科、绣球花科、鼠刺科及茶藨子科4个。

表2   根据新的分类系统对福建省维管植物主要科的范畴变动总览

Table 2  Summary of revised familial circumscriptions of vascular plants in Fujian according to the new classification system

修订后的科 Revised family更名、拆分或合并 Rename, split or merge修订后的科 Revised family更名、拆分或合并 Rename, split or merge
合囊蕨科 Marattiaceae原莲座蕨科更名 Renamed from previous Angiopteridaceae金丝桃科 Hypericaceae藤黄科拆出 Splitted from Clusiaceae
金毛狗科 Cibotiaceae原蚌壳蕨科更名 Renamed from previous Dicksoniaceae青荚叶科 Helwingiaceae山茱萸科拆出 Splitted from Cornaceae
冷蕨科 Cystopteridaceae蹄盖蕨科拆出 Splitted from Athyriaceae丝缨花科 Garryaceae山茱萸科拆出 Splitted from Cornaceae
肠蕨科 Diplaziopsidaceae蹄盖蕨科拆出 Splitted from Athyriaceae钩吻科 Gelsemiaceae马钱科拆出 Splitted from Loganiaceae
大麻科 Cannabaceae桑科大麻亚科及榆科朴亚科合并组成 Merged by Cannabioideae and Celtidoideae睡菜科 Menyanthaceae龙胆科拆出 Splitted from Gentianaceae
泡桐科 Paulowniaceae玄参科拆出 Splitted from Scrophulariaceae
青皮木科 Schoepfiaceae铁青树科拆出 Splitted from Olacaceae母草科 Linderniaceae玄参科拆出 Splitted from Scrophulariaceae
帽蕊草科 Mitrastemonaceae大花草科拆出 Splitted from Rafflesiaceae通泉草科 Mazaceae玄参科拆出 Splitted from Scrophulariaceae
蒜香草科 Petiveriaceae商陆科拆出 Splitted from Phytolaccaceae芝麻科 Pedaliaceae原胡麻科更名 Renamed from previous Pedaliaceae
粟米草科 Molluginaceae番杏科拆出 Splitted from Aizoaceae五福花科 Adoxaceae忍冬科拆出 Splitted from Caprifoliaceae
土人参科 Talinaceae马齿苋科拆出 Splitted from Portulacaceae楔瓣花科 Sphenocleaceae桔梗科拆出 Splitted from Campanulaceae
莲科 Nelumbonaceae睡莲科拆出 Splitted from Nymphaeaceae川蔓藻科 Ruppiaceae眼子菜科拆出 Splitted from Potamogetonaceae
芍药科 Paeoniaceae毛茛科拆出 Splitted from Ranunculaceae大叶藻科 Zosteraceae眼子菜科拆出 Splitted from Potamogetonaceae
五味子科 Schisandraceae木兰科拆出 Splitted from Magnoliaceae菖蒲科 Acoraceae天南星科拆出 Splitted from Araceae
白花菜科 Cleomaceae山柑科拆出 Splitted from Capparaceae无叶莲科 Petrosaviaceae百合科拆出 Splitted from Liliaceae
木樨草科 Resedaceae辣木科拆出 Splitted from Moringaceae天门冬科 Asparagaceae百合科拆出 Splitted from Liliaceae
叠珠树科 Akaniaceae原钟萼木科(伯乐树科)更名 Renamed from previous Bretschneideraceae藜芦科 Melanthiaceae百合科拆出 Splitted from Liliaceae
扯根菜科 Penthoraceae虎耳草科拆出 Splitted from Saxifragaceae阿福花科 Asphodelaceae百合科拆出 Splitted from Liliaceae
绣球花科 Hydrangeaceae虎耳草科拆出 Splitted from Saxifragaceae沼金花科 Nartheciaceae百合科拆出 Splitted from Liliaceae
鼠刺科 Iteaceae虎耳草科拆出 Splitted from Saxifragaceae秋水仙科 Colchicaceae百合科拆出 Splitted from Liliaceae
茶藨子科 Grossulariaceae虎耳草科拆出 Splitted from Saxifragaceae菝葜科 Smilacaceae百合科拆出 Splitted from Liliaceae
蕈树科 Altingiaceae金缕梅科拆出 Splitted from Hamamelidaceae仙茅科 Hypoxidaceae石蒜科拆出 Splitted from Amaryllidaceae
黏木科 Ixonanthaceae亚麻科拆出 Splitted from Linales鹤望兰科 Strelitziaceae芭蕉科拆出 Splitted from Musaceae
叶下珠科 Phyllanthaceae大戟科拆出 Splitted from Euphorbiaceae闭鞘姜科 Costaceae姜科拆出 Splitted from Zingiberaceae
瘿椒树科 Tapisciaceae省沽油科拆出 Splitted from Linaceae

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2.2 福建省石松类和蕨类植物的组成与特点

从科的组成来看(表3), 福建省石松类和蕨类植物的单种科有7个, 分别为水韭科、松叶蕨科、合囊蕨科、金毛狗科、冷蕨科、肠蕨科和球子蕨科; 含2-10种的科数最多, 达15个, 包括瓶尔小草科、海金沙科、鳞始蕨科、乌毛蕨科、叉蕨科等; 含11-25种的科5个, 分别为石松科、卷柏科、膜蕨科、碗蕨科和铁角蕨科; 含26-50种的科仅有2个, 为金星蕨科(42种)和蹄盖蕨科(38种); 含50种以上的科有3个, 分别为凤尾蕨科(51种)、水龙骨科(51种)和鳞毛蕨科(67种)。含26种以上的5个科所含物种数超过福建省石松类和蕨类植物总数的一半, 所占比例达60.1%。

表3   福建省石松类和蕨类植物科和属统计

Table 3  Statistics on families and genera of lycophytes and ferns in Fujian Province

科的大小
Size of family
科数
No. of families (%)
所含属数
No. of genera (%)
所含种数
No. of species (%)
属的大小
Size of genus
属数
No. of genera (%)
所含种数
No. of species (%)
> 50种 > 50 species3 (9.4)31 (30.4)169 (40.8)
26-50种 26-50 species2 (6.2)17 (16.7)80 (19.3)26-50种 26-50 species1 (1.0)33 (8.0)
11-25种 11-25 species5 (15.6)22 (21.6)95 (23.0)11-25种 11-25 species7 (6.9)120 (29.0)
2-10种 2-10 species15 (46.9)25 (24.5)63 (15.2)2-10种 2-10 species59 (57.8)226 (54.6)
1种 1 species7 (21.9)7 (6.8)7 (1.7)1种 1 species35 (34.3)35 (8.4)

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根据属的组成可知(表3), 单种属为35个, 2-10种的寡种属为59个, 二者累计占福建省石松类与蕨类植物总属数的92.1%, 物种数累计261个, 占总物种数的63.0%; 含11-25种的属有7个, 分别为双盖蕨属(Diplazium, 21种)、铁角蕨属(Asplenium, 21种)、卷柏属(Selaginella, 21种)、凤尾蕨属(Pteris, 21种)、毛蕨属(Cyclosorus, 14种)、耳蕨属(Polystichum, 11种)和瓦韦属(Lepisorus, 11种); 含有25种以上的属仅有1个, 为鳞毛蕨属(Dryopteris, 33种)。

2.3 福建省裸子植物的组成与特点

福建省裸子植物总计10科, 按物种数排列分别为柏科(15属25种)、松科(8属23种)、红豆杉科(4属7种)、罗汉松科(4属6种)、南洋杉科(2属4种)、买麻藤科(1属3种)、苏铁科(1属3种)、三尖杉科(1属3种)、银杏科(1属1种)和金松科(1属1种)。最大的属为松属(Pinus, 14种), 其次为扁柏属(Chamaecyparis, 4种)、圆柏属(Sabina, 4种)、买麻藤属(Gnetum, 4种); 含3种的属有5个, 分别为苏铁属(Cycas)、南洋杉属(Araucaria)、落羽杉属(Taxodium)、罗汉松属(Podocarpus)和三尖杉属(Cephalotaxus); 含2种的属有6个, 分别为油杉属(Keteleeria)、黄杉属(Pseudotsuga)、杉木属(Cunninghamia)、柳杉属(Cryptomeria)、红豆杉属(Taxus)及榧属(Torreya); 仅含单个种的属总计22个, 占福建省裸子植物总属数与总种数的57.9%与28.9%, 分别为银杏属(Ginkgo)、贝壳杉属(Agathis)、铁杉属(Tsuga)、长苞铁杉属(Nothotsuga)、金钱松属(Pseudolarix)、雪松属(Cedrus)、冷杉属(Abies)、金松属(Sciadopitys)、北美红杉属(Sequoia)、水松属(Glyptostrobus)、水杉属(Metasequoia)、罗汉柏属(Thujopsis)、侧柏属(Platycladus)、翠柏属(Calocedrus)、柏木属(Cupressus)、刺柏属(Juniperus)、台湾杉属(Taiwania)、崖柏属(Thuja)、竹柏属(Nageia)、陆均松属(Dacrydium)、穗花杉属(Amentotaxus)和白豆杉属(Pseudotaxus)。

2.4 福建省被子植物的组成与特点

从科的组成来看(表4), 福建省被子植物有单种科37个; 含2-10种的寡种科有81个, 含11-50种的中等大小科有76个, 二者合计占总科数的73.4%,但后者所含属数及种数均为前者的3倍以上; 含51种以上的中大型科有20个, 共计815属2,785种, 分别占总属数和总种数的48.9%和54.7%。这些科基本都是植物界世界性大科, 据所含属数排列前10位的分别是禾本科(134属)、菊科(127属)、豆科(118属)、兰科(93属)、唇形科(53属)、茜草科(48属)、夹竹桃科(41属)、锦葵科(32属)、蔷薇科(30属)和伞形科(26属)。从所含种数和属数来看, 禾本科、菊科及豆科为福建省野生植物中最大的3个科。

表4   福建省被子植物科和属统计

Table 4  Statistics on families and genera of angiosperms in Fujian Province

科的大小
Size of family
科数
No. of families (%)
所含属数
No. of genera (%)
所含种数
No. of species (%)
属的大小
Size of genus
属数
No. of genera (%)
所含种数
No. of species (%)
> 100种 > 100 species8 (3.7)626 (37.6)2,017 (39.6)
51-100种 51-100 species12 (5.6)189 (11.3)768 (15.1)51-100种 51-100 species3 (0.2)206 (4.0)
11-50种 11-50 species76 (35.5)638 (38.2)1,880 (36.9)11-50种 11-50 species81 (4.9)1,409 (27.6)
2-10种 2-10 species81 (37.9)180 (10.7)395 (7.7)2-10种 2-10 species729 (43.7)2,629 (51.6)
1种 One species37 (17.3)37 (2.2)37 (0.7)1种 One species854 (51.2)854 (16.8)

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从属的组成来看(表4), 单种属和含2-10种的寡种属占比较高, 分别为854属与729属, 共占总属数的94.9%, 所含物种数占总物种数的68.4%; 含11-50种的属有81个, 含51种以上的大属3个。按物种数排列前10位的属分别为薹草属(Carex, 94种)、悬钩子属(Rubus, 58种)、冬青属(Ilex, 54种)、刚竹属(Phyllostachys, 38种)、蓼属(Persicaria, 36种)、榕属(Ficus, 35种)、簕竹属(Bambusa, 33种)、飘拂草属(Fimbristylis, 30种)、杜鹃花属(Rhododendron, 29种)和莎草属(Cyperus, 29种)。

2.5 福建省维管植物新种、新分布信息

从近年来发表的新种数据来看(已将被合并物种去重), 南平市仍是福建省维管植物多样性的核心地区(图1A, 附录3)。自1995年3月起, 截至2021年12月31日, 该地区发表15个植物新种, 其中武夷山市10种, 包括福建天麻(Gastrodia fujianensis) (Ma et al, 2019)、盔花舌喙兰(Hemipilia galeata) (Tang et al, 2016)等。其次为龙岩市和三明市, 分别发表10个和7个新种。另外, 泉州市境内的戴云山脉为闽中植物多样性中心地段, 分布着东南沿海典型的山地森林生态系统, 该地区发现了4个新种。值得注意的是, 闽东鹫峰山脉所涉及的以屏南县为中心辐射周边县市的区域, 近年来陆续发现屏南石豆兰(Bulbophyllum pingnanense) (Liu et al, 2016)、单花兔儿风(Ainsliaea simplicissima) (Zhang et al, 2019)、多穗兔儿风(A. polystachya) (Zhang et al, 2021)、长柔毛鸭脚茶(Tashiroea villosa) (Zhou et al, 2019)等植物新种。该区受东亚季风和西太平洋副热带反气旋的影响, 降水具有明显的干季和湿季特征, 在第四纪冰期期间成为我国东南地区一个典型的避难所(Zheng et al, 2021), 保存着包括水松(Glyptostrobus pensilis)等在内的典型第三纪孑遗植物, 具有高度的生物多样性。同时, 该地区人口迁入较晚, 人为破坏少(Xu et al, 2013), 2022年以来, 又陆续发现修大戟(Euphorbia xiangxiui) (Yu et al, 2022)等植物新种, 可以预见, 该地区将成为今后福建省野生动植物调查研究的又一热点区域。

图1

图1   福建省维管植物新种(A)、新记录(B)地理分布图

Fig. 1   Geographic distribution map of new species (A) and new record (B) of vascular plants in Fujian Province


进一步统计收集1995-2021年期间发表在各类期刊上的福建省新记录植物(鉴于部分植物发表时已记载多个分布点, 故统计发表频次) (图1B, 附录3), 发现南平(94)、三明(79)、漳州(71)、福州(53)、宁德(51)等市报道最多, 达到总新分布频次的79.6%, 在各地级市所辖县中, 武夷山市(南平市)报道新记录频次最多, 达49次。值得注意的是, 光泽县、建阳区、建瓯市、大田县、漳平市、永定区、闽清县等区县均无新记录报道。其中, 光泽县为闽赣交界, 同时有武夷山国家级自然保护区分布, 无新分布报道可能是由于调查重心向武夷山市内的武夷山国家级自然保护区倾斜导致, 武夷山市相邻的建阳区、建瓯市亦存在此种情况。大田县、漳平市、永定区为博平岭所涉县市, 永定县更为闽粤交界, 属华南植物区系, 森林群落层次多、结构复杂, 藤本植物发达、植物种类多(Ou et al, 2012), 有必要加强该区域的调查研究。

3 讨论

1982-1995年出版的6卷《福建植物志》中收录的许多种级单位在后续研究中被归并, 排除这些种级单位后事实上《福建植物志》仅收载248科1,591属4,480种, 近年来陆续开展的野外科考工作发现了大量先前未曾记载的维管植物, 同时还发表了许多新种。截至2022年10月31日, 福建省维管植物总数增至5,587种, 新增了8科216属1,107种, 增幅达24.7%, 且随着科考项目的接连开展, 数目还将不断增加。可见仍需持续开展福建省本地维管植物的相关调查, 同时应注重加强实物标本整理与鉴定工作, 这对进一步完善福建省野生维管植物名录、开展相关科研与教学等工作至关重要。

需要注意的是, 一些新发表的物种定种意见存在争议, 如陈洁(2019)(①陈洁 (2019) 福建72种野生兰科植物种子生物学及罗氏石斛的分子鉴定. 硕士学位论文, 福建师范大学, 福州.)结合形态和分子证据报道了2016年采自周宁县的新记录种罗氏石斛(Dendrobium luoi), 其模式标本采自湖南省(邓小祥等, 2016), 与同年9月发表的政和石斛(Dendrobium zhenghuoense) (Chen et al, 2016)、2018年发表的文卉石斛(Dendrobium luoi var. wenhuii) (杨旺利, 2018)在形态结构及ITS分子标记上高度一致, 三者很可能为同一物种。不难看出, 同一植物的重复命名与发表将会造成中文正名、拉丁学名和物种信息的混乱, 在此呼吁植物分类学工作者于新种发表前应做好充分的文献调研工作, 仔细对比已发表近似物种的公开表型信息与拟发表物种的植株特征, 以此得出较为精准的鉴定结果。此外, 在新分布的报道上也存在重复发表的现象, 这可能与省内学者相互之间缺乏沟通交流有关, 故再次呼吁省内相关学者加强合作, 以做出更为准确的判断, 避免新种、新分布的重复发表。

地处武夷山、建阳、光泽3县(市)交界, 以福建省武夷山国家级自然保护区为核心的武夷山脉北段分布着中国大陆东南乃至全球同纬度面积最大、保留最完整的中亚热带森林生态系统, 目前仍然属于福建省植物科考的重点区域。分布在此处的维管植物多达2,000余种, 统计发现以武夷山市为唯一分布点的维管植物近300种。笔者通过多年的科考发现, 《福建植物志》所记载的许多仅有单一产地的物种实际为福建省广布种, 如球果假沙晶兰(Monotropastrum humile)、深裂竹根七(Disporopsis pernyi)等。在《福建植物志》再版之际, 有必要组织整合各大调查项目的基础资料, 进一步完善植物分布信息。此外, 福建省位于东部沿海, 海岸线长度居全国第二位, 港口众多, 近年来不断报道有外来归化物种出现(闫小玲等, 2014; 严靖等, 2021; 孟静等, 2022), 如伏胁花(Mecardonia procumbens)、大翼豆(Macroptilium lathyroides)、翼茎阔苞菊(Pluchea sagittalis)等归化植物, 其中微甘菊(Mikania micrantha)、凤眼莲(Eichhornia crassipes)、加拿大一枝黄花(Solidago canadensis)等已成为严重危害本土生态系统的入侵物种。另外, 一些仍处于自然归化状态的植物虽尚未表现出入侵性危害, 但分布区存在明显由东南沿海向内陆扩散的趋势, 应该注意加强植物检疫及入侵风险评估, 以预防对农田、森林、湿地等生态系统的破坏。

目前, 恩格勒和克朗奎斯特等经典/传统分类系统已经逐步淡出前沿科研舞台, 在以新分类系统为基础的福建省维管植物名录整理的过程中, 大量的合并、拆分和重组, 导致出现了大量新的科属单位、修订后的新中文正名, 使得新旧系统的转换存在部分障碍, 不可否认, 科研成果更新并被接受必然会经历阵痛期。鉴于此, 笔者建议福建省植物分类学相关的工作者带头使用新系统, 促进更为规范、更加严谨的植物正名的使用和推广, 尽量减少植物异名代为正名的现象, 逐步解决当前植物中文名称混乱的局面。本名录的更新可为福建省植物多样性调查和保护工作提供新资料, 为推动《福建植物志》的再版提供有力支撑; 同时也为中国维管高等植物多样性编目及“中国生物物种名录”工作的推进提供了基础数据, 对维护福建省乃至中国东南地区生态安全与生物多样性保护具有重要意义。诚然, 本次编目仍有部分工作尚存不足, 如省内分布点、标本馆藏信息不完整等, 亟盼福建省内植物工作者提供更多切实可靠的补充资料, 继续完善福建省植物物种多样性及其变化等信息。

附录 Supplementary Material

附录1 福建省维管植物名录

Appendix 1 Checklist of vascular plants in Fujian Province

附录2 福建省维管植物存疑物种信息汇总

Appendix 2 Summary of disputable species of vascular plants in Fujian Province

附录3 福建省维管植物新种、新记录统计

Appendix 3 Statistics on new species and new record of vascular plants in Fujian Province

致谢

承蒙蒋凯文、杨永、朱鑫鑫等老师对文章名录科学性和准确性的核查; 在文章撰写过程中, 陈鸣、宛新江、陈光伟参与了数据整理等方面的工作; 倪必勇、陈新艳高级工程师, 陈炳华、黄泽豪、刘小芬、陈世品教授, 林贵灿、孟德昌等前辈提供了诸多物种分布及标本信息, 在此表示衷心的感谢!

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Morphological and molecular evidence for a new species from China: Dendrobium zhenghuoense (Epidendroideae; Orchidaceae)

Phytotaxa, 275, 277-286.

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Committee of Fujian Science and Technology (1982- 1995) Flora of Fujian, Vols. 1-6. Fujian Science and Technology Press, Fuzhou. (in Chinese)

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[福建省科学技术委员会 (1982- 1995) 福建植物志(1-6卷). 福建科学技术出版社, 福州.]

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Deng XX, Chen YK, Rao WH, Chen LJ (2016)

Dendrobium luoi, a new species of Orchidaceae from China

Plant Science Journal, 34, 9-12. (in Chinese with English abstract)

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[邓小祥, 陈贻科, 饶文辉, 陈利君 (2016)

罗氏石斛, 中国兰科一新种

植物科学学报, 34, 9-12.]

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[中国科学院植物研究所 (1972) 中国高等植物图鉴. 科学出版社, 北京.]

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Liu JF, Lan SR, He BZ, Liang YC (2016)

Bulbophyllum pingnanense (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae, Dendrobiinae), a new species from Fujian, China

PhytoKeys, 65, 107-112.

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Liu SM, Liu JQ (2011)

Vascular plant in Fujian Province: Species diversity and distribution pattern

Journal of Subtropical Resources and Environment, 6(4), 35-41. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[本文引用: 1]

[刘树明, 刘剑秋 (2011)

福建省维管束植物物种多样性及其分布格局

亚热带资源与环境学报, 6(4), 35-41.]

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Ma JS (2020- 2021) Chinese Invasive Flora, Vols. 1-5. Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press, Shanghai. (in Chinese)

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[马金双 (2020- 2021) 中国外来入侵植物志(1-5卷). 上海交通大学出版社, 上海.]

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Ma L, Chen XY, Liu JF, Chen SP (2019)

Gastrodia fujianensis (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae, Gastrodieae), a new species from China

Phytotaxa, 391, 269-272.

DOI:10.11646/phytotaxa.391.4      URL     [本文引用: 1]

Meng J, Zhuang YX, Huang ZH, Liu JF, Chen HP, An C, Yang CZ (2022)

Analysis of medicinal value and invasiveness of newly recorded naturalized plants in Fujian Province

Modern Chinese Medicine, 24, 222-228. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[本文引用: 1]

[孟静, 庄怡雪, 黄泽豪, 刘建福, 陈怀平, 安昌, 杨成梓 (2022)

福建省新记录归化植物及其药用价值入侵性分析

中国现代中药, 24, 222-228.]

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Ou YD, Su ZY, Ke XD, Li ZK (2012)

Vascular ground flora in relation to topography, canopy structure and gap light regimes in a subtropical broadleaved forest (South China)

Polish Journal of Ecology, 60, 463-478.

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PPG I (2016)

A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns

Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 56, 563-603.

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Savolainen V, Chase MW, Hoot SB, Morton CM, Soltis DE, Bayer C, Fay MF, de Bruijn AY, Sullivan S, Qiu YL (2000)

Phylogenetics of flowering plants based on combined analysis of plastid atpB and rbcL gene sequences

Systematic Biology, 49, 306-362.

DOI:10.1093/sysbio/49.2.306      PMID:12118410      [本文引用: 1]

Following (1) the large-scale molecular phylogeny of seed plants based on plastid rbcL gene sequences (published in 1993 by Chase et al., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 80:528-580) and (2) the 18S nuclear phylogeny of flowering plants (published in 1997 by Soltis et al., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 84:1-49), we present a phylogenetic analysis of flowering plants based on a second plastid gene, atpB, analyzed separately and in combination with rbcL sequences for 357 taxa. Despite some discrepancies, the atpB-based phylogenetic trees were highly congruent with those derived from the analysis of rbcL and 18S rDNA, and the combination of atpB and rbcL DNA sequences (comprising approximately 3000 base pairs) produced increased bootstrap support for many major sets of taxa. The angiosperms are divided into two major groups: noneudicots with inaperturate or uniaperturate pollen (monocots plus Laurales, Magnoliales, Piperales, Ceratophyllales, and Amborellaceae-Nymphaeaceae-Illiciaceae) and the eudicots with triaperturate pollen (particularly asterids and rosids). Based on rbcL alone and atpB/rbcL combined, the noneudicots (excluding Ceratophyllum) are monophyletic, whereas in the atpB trees they form a grade. Ceratophyllum is sister to the rest of angiosperms with rbcL alone and in the combined atpB/rbcL analysis, whereas with atpB alone, Amborellaceae, Nymphaeaceae, and Illiciaceae/Schisandraceae form a grade at the base of the angiosperms. The phylogenetic information at each codon position and the different types of substitutions (observed transitions and transversions in the trees vs. pairwise comparisons) were examined; taking into account their respective consistency and retention indices, we demonstrate that third-codon positions and transitions are the most useful characters in these phylogenetic reconstructions. This study further demonstrates that phylogenetic analysis of large matrices is feasible.

Tang Y, Zhu XX, Peng H, Ma JS (2016)

Hemipilia galeata (Orchideae, Orchidaceae), a new species from Fujian Province, southeastern China

Phytotaxa, 245, 271-280.

DOI:10.11646/phytotaxa.245.4      URL     [本文引用: 1]

Wang HF, Dong XY, Mu LQ (2022)

Checklist of tracheophyte in Heilongjiang Province

Biodiversity Science, 30, 22184. (in Chinese with English abstract)

DOI:10.17520/biods.2022184      [本文引用: 1]

<p id="p00005"><strong>Background &#x00026; Aim:</strong> A high-quality checklist is of great significance to plant taxonomy, ecology, geography, and the utilization of plant resources. Unfortunately, since the 1980s, the checklist of Heilongjiang Province has not been fully updated for a long time, which has seriously hindered related research. This paper attempts to obtain a credible province-wide checklist and county-level plant distribution data. <br> <strong>Method:</strong> The TNRS (Taxonomic Name Resolution) was used to correct the spelling of scientific names. And the scientific name adopts the viewpoints in the Catalogue of Life China (2021). The checklist mainly refers to documents, i.e. Catalogue of Life China (2021), <i>Key of Plants of Northeastern China </i>(2nd edn),<i> Flora of Heilongjiang</i>,<i> Ligneous Flora of Heilongjiang</i>,<i> Distribution Atlas of Northeast China Plant</i>,<i> Flora Plantarum Herbacearum Chinae Boreali-Orientalis</i>, some articles and specimen data (from NSII, GBIF, NEFI, NEAU, IFP) to locate the species distribution in county-level divisions. <br> <strong>Results:</strong> A total of 2,276 species (subspecies and varieties) belonging to 651 genera and 132 families of tracheophyte in Heilongjiang Province were counted, including 17 species belonging to 6 genera and 2 families of lycopods, 81 species belonging to 34 genera, and 16 families of pteridophytes, 20 species belonging to 6 genera and 3 families of gymnosperms, and 2,158 species belonging to 605 genera and 111 families of angiosperms. Among them the families of Asteraceae (67 genera, 258 species), Poaceae (61 genera, 187 species), Cyperaceae (14 genera, 174 species), Ranunculaceae (18 genera, 124 species) and Rosaceae (24 genera, 112 species) contain a large number of species. This checklist shows remarkable differences in species distribution among counties in Heilongjiang Province. About 17 percent of 131 counties have more than 1,000 species, and the county-level distribution data are seriously unbalanced. <br> <strong>Conclusions:</strong> The provincial checklist is reliable, but the quality of county-level distribution data needs to be significantly improved.</p>

[王洪峰, 董雪云, 穆立蔷 (2022)

黑龙江省野生维管植物名录

生物多样性, 30, 22184.]

DOI:10.17520/biods.2022184      [本文引用: 1]

黑龙江省位于中国的东北端, 省下辖区划分复杂而繁多, 植被可分为3大区域: 寒温带针叶林区域、温带针阔混交林区域、温带草原区域。本名录主要参考《中国生物物种名录(2021版)》《东北植物志》《东北植物检索表》《黑龙江省植物志》《黑龙江省树木志》《东北植物分布图集》《东北草本植物志》等著作、近年来发表的论文和来自国家标本资源共享平台(NSII)、全球生物多样性信息网络(GBIF)、东北林业大学植物标本室(NEFI)、东北农业大学生命科学学院植物标本室(NEAU)、中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所东北生物标本馆(IFP)的标本资料以及最近发表的文献资料。由于&#x0201c;无分布&#x0201d;比&#x0201c;有分布&#x0201d;的信息相对较难确定, 我们在整理数据时, 轻易不删除重要著作中已经有收录的物种, 除非有较可信的证据, 这可能使得本数据集的物种数量稍偏多。本名录中物种分布精确到县级, 共收录黑龙江省野生维管植物132科651属2,276种(亚种、变种), 有凭证标本的本土植物2,122种(亚种、变种), 广泛入侵的44种, 无凭证标本但是有较可靠资料的154种。其中石松类2科6属17种, 蕨类植物16科34属81种, 裸子植物3科6属20种, 被子植物111科605属2,158种。收录国家级重点保护植物22科25属39种。黑龙江野生维管植物中, 菊科(67属258种)、禾本科(61属187种)、莎草科(14属174种)、毛茛科(18属124种)和蔷薇科(24属112种)所含种数较多。统计发现, 黑龙江省物种县域分布差异较大, 131个县级行政单位中, 物种数超过1,000的约占1/6, 且县级分布数据严重不均衡。本名录中, 省级名录的可信度相对较高, 县级分布数据质量还需要大大提升。

Wang HG, Zheng LX, Huang ZH (2018)

Vascular plants newly reported from Fujian Province in the 2015-2017 literatures

Subtropical Plant Science, 47, 256-260. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[本文引用: 1]

[王海阁, 郑丽香, 黄泽豪 (2018)

福建省近三年(2015-2017年)新增维管束植物种类

亚热带植物科学, 47, 256-260.]

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2018.03.012      [本文引用: 1]

通过文献检索,统计分析2015~2017年间文献报道的福建省境内新发现的维管束植物,包括新种11种(隶属5科)和新记录种80种(隶属35科)。至此,福建维管束植物达252科1643属5064种。

Wang T, Shu JP, Gu YF, Li YQ, Yang T, Xu ZF, Xiang JY, Zhang XC, Yan YH (2022)

Insight into the studies on diversity of lycophytes and ferns in China

Biodiversity Science, 30, 22381. (in Chinese with English abstract)

DOI:10.17520/biods.2022381      [本文引用: 1]

Background: Lycophytes and ferns are the second largest group of vascular plants, dating back as far as 400 million years ago. Before the domination of angiosperms, lycophytes and ferns were the key component of ancient terrestrial ecosystems, and are still important to modern ecosystems today. Since the 1940s, the study of lycophytes and ferns in China has attracted worldwide attention. In the past five years since the 19th International Botanical Congress (IBC) held in Shenzhen in 2017, research on lycophytes and ferns in China has expanded internationally and focuses on a wider range of scientific issues. A series of important advances have been made on plant diversity, conservation, phylogeny, and ecological adaptation. Results: From 2017 to 2022, the tree of life for lycophytes and ferns in the world has been reconstructed by the family level, and a new evolutionary model for the sporangium was proposed. Some of the phylogenetic and taxonomic problems of order, family, genus and species of lycophytes and ferns were solved, meanwhile 106 new taxa were published. A large number of floristic collections and studies have been conducted, and six Chinese plus one worldwide monographs on the diversity of lycophytes and ferns have been published. In addition, 65 species of lycophytes and ferns under state priority conservation have been ex situ protected, and spore reproduction has been achieved in priority conservation groups such as Cyatheaceae, Ceratopteris, Angiopteris and Platycerium wallichiia. The ecological restoration and adaptive evolution of lycophytes and ferns were studied under the phylogeny. Perspectives: After literature survey on the research of lycophytes and ferns in China from 2017 to 2022, we make the following suggestions for future studies: (1) Focus future research on Chinese oligotypic families/genera and the worldwide mega-diverse families/genera. (2) Prioritize research in under-studied areas, such as Tibet and Sichuan, and utilize new technologies (e.g., DNA barcoding) to improve the efficiency and accuracy of species identification. (3) When clarifying the systematic relationship between families, genera, and species by using multi-disciplinary approaches, it is necessary to conduct research on plant evolutionary history and adaptation mechanisms. (4) Research efforts should focus on the common scientific conjecture of the systematic position of lycophytes and fern as the origin for the evolution of terrestrial vascular plants. (5) Pay more attention to the cooperation among the phylogenetics, ecology, phytochemistry, conservation biology and other subjects of lycophytes and ferns.

[王婷, 舒江平, 顾钰峰, 李艳清, 杨拓, 徐洲锋, 向建英, 张宪春, 严岳鸿 (2022)

中国石松类和蕨类植物多样性研究进展

生物多样性, 30, 22381.]

DOI:10.17520/biods.2022381      [本文引用: 1]

石松类和蕨类植物是维管植物的第二大类群, 其起源可追溯到4亿年前。在被子植物出现之前, 石松类和蕨类植物在古地球生态系统中占主导地位, 其重要性一直延续到现在。自20世纪40年代开始, 中国石松类和蕨类植物研究就令世界瞩目, 尤其是2017年第19届国际植物学大会在中国深圳召开后的5年时间里, 中国石松类和蕨类植物研究更是面向世界、走向国际, 研究更为广泛的科学问题, 在物种多样性、保护、系统演化和生态适应性等方面取得了一系列重要研究进展。2017-2022年, 多个中国研究团队利用多组学数据构建了世界石松类和蕨类植物科级水平的生命之树并提出了关键性状孢子囊环带演化的新模式; 解决了石松类和蕨类植物中目级、科级、属级和种级众多关键的系统分类学等问题, 发表了106个新分类群; 开展了大量的植物区系调查和研究, 出版了6部中国石松类和蕨类植物多样性专著和1部世界性专著; 对65种国家重点保护的石松类和蕨类植物进行了迁地保护, 同时实现了桫椤科、水蕨属(Ceratopteris)、观音座莲属(Angiopteris)和鹿角蕨(Platycerium wallichii)等重点保护类群的孢子繁殖; 在系统发育框架下, 研究了石松类和蕨类植物的生态修复功能和生态适应性演化。通过对2017-2022年研究成果的总结和思考, 本文对未来石松类和蕨类植物的发展提出以下建议: (1)提高中国寡型科属以及世界性大科大属的关注力度; (2)加强西藏、四川等薄弱地区石松类和蕨类植物的调查研究, 并结合新技术, 如DNA条形码等以提高区系调查中物种鉴别的效率和准确性; (3)运用多学科交叉的研究方法厘清各科、属、种间系统关系的同时, 还应加强系统和生态适应性演化之间的协同研究; (4)关注石松类和蕨类植物系统位置作为陆生维管植物演化起点的共性科学问题; (5)加强石松类和蕨类植物系统分类学与生态学、植物化学、保护生物学等学科间交叉合作研究。

Xu JX, Zheng Z, Huang KY, Yue YY, Li J, Chase BM, Ledru MP, Carré M, Cheddadi R (2013)

Impacts of human activities on ecosystems during the past 1,300 years in Pingnan area of Fujian Province, China

Quaternary International, 286, 29-35.

DOI:10.1016/j.quaint.2012.05.033      URL     [本文引用: 1]

Yan J, Yan XL, Li HR, Du C, Ma JS (2021)

Composition, time of introduction and spatial-temporal distribution of naturalized plants in East China

Biodiversity Science, 29, 428-438. (in Chinese with English abstract)

DOI:10.17520/biods.2020335      [本文引用: 1]

<p id="p00005"><strong>Background:</strong> Naturalization is the pre-invasion stage. Detailed research on naturalized plants is a fundamental first step for scientific management of alien species. This research is necessary for predicting and hence preventing such invasion caused by alien plants. Regional studies of naturalized plants are important for local governments to manage and control of such plants. As an important area for foreign exchanges, East China is facing pressures from imported alien plants being naturalized and then invading. This study aims to enrich the basic information about naturalized plants of East China, discussed the current deficiencies in the study of naturalized plants, and summarized the direction of future research. </p> <p id="p00010"><strong>Methods:</strong> We conducted a comprehensive survey of naturalized plants in East China (Anhui, Fujian, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Shanghai and Zhejiang provinces) from 2014 to 2019 using literature reports, specimen information, and taxonomic research. We analyzed the species composition and distribution pattern of naturalized plants in East China and conducted a comprehensive analysis of their first detected locations, introduced route, and the time when species were discovered. </p> <p id="p00015"><strong>Results:</strong> We found that 299 species belonging to 181 genera and 62 families were naturalized in East China. The four most dominant families were Compositae (49 species), Leguminosae (35 species), Gramineae (28 species) and Amaranthaceae (25 species). The four most dominant genera were <i>Amaranthus</i> (16 species), <i>Euphorbia</i>(10 species),<i>Ipomoea</i> (9 species) and<i>Solanum</i> (9 species). There was a large diversity in species identified as naturalized, with a high proportion of plants coming from the Americas, and concentration in introduction routes. The Americas are the primary geographical origin of naturalized alien plant species, with more species originating from North America rather than South America. The route of introduction analysis revealed that 143 naturalized plant species were introduced unintentionally due to human activity and 156 species were introduced intentionally. Ninety-five frequencies were introduced as ornamental plants, which take up 55.2% of all the frequencies introduced intentionally. This suggests that introductions of plants for the purpose of ornamental use is the most common way for species naturalization to occur. A comparative study of the first detected locations show that the largest number of naturalized species were firstly introduced to South China (84 species) which mostly went to the Guangdong Province (33 species) and Hong Kong District (33 species). This was followed by East China (74 species), the Taiwan Province (72 species), Southwest China (19 species, mainly from Yunnan), Northeast China (15 species, mainly from Liaoning), Northwest China (14 species, mainly from Xinjiang) and North China (14 species, mainly from Beijing). There were only two naturalized species found in Central China. Jiangsu, Fujian and Zhejiang provinces were the main importing areas for East China. This may be due to many factors such as international communication, population density, climate similarity, disturbance levels, biological characteristics unique to species and investigation degree. Spatially, the species diversity of the Fujian Province (236 species) is significantly higher than that of other provinces, but little difference has been detected among other provinces. There are 57 species that are only distributed in Fujian (19.1%), which is the most when compared with other provinces. The amount of foreign exchange and climate similarity between native habitat and naturalized place may be the primary driver of current diversity and distribution pattern. Historically, the naturalized plants in East China showed an exponential growth trend after 1850. The growth rate is 1.5 species per year, and is currently in a period of rapid growth. In the 21st century, more than 80% of naturalized plants have been unintentionally introduced. Therefore, special attention should be placed on preventing the introduction of unintentional species. </p> <p id="p00020"><strong>Proposal:</strong> Constructing an effective risk assessment system of alien plants based on an accurate and complete database of naturalized plants is one effective way to eliminate the risk of invasions from alien plant species. </p>

[严靖, 闫小玲, 李惠茹, 杜诚, 马金双 (2021)

华东地区归化植物的组成特征、引入时间及时空分布

生物多样性, 29, 428-438.]

DOI:10.17520/biods.2020335      [本文引用: 1]

归化是入侵的前期阶段, 对归化植物的深入研究是科学管理外来物种的基本前提, 有助于预防外来植物造成入侵危害, 区域性归化植物的研究对地方外来植物的管理与防治对策的制定具有重要的指导意义。本文基于文献报道、标本信息和分类学考证, 特别是于2014-2019年对华东地区(安徽省、福建省、江苏省、江西省、山东省、上海市和浙江省)归化植物的全面调查, 统计分析了华东地区归化植物的物种组成和分布格局, 并对其首次引入(或发现)地、引入时间和引入途径进行综合分析。结果表明, 华东地区有归化植物62科181属299种, 总体上呈现种类丰富、以草本植物为主、原产于美洲的种类多、引入途径集中等特征。在空间尺度上, 福建省的物种多样性明显高于其他省市, 且仅分布于该省的种类也最多(达57种, 占总种数的19.1%), 其他省市之间则差别不大。对外交流程度和原产地与归化地之间的气候相似性可能是影响归化植物多样性和空间分布格局的主要因素。在时间尺度上, 1850年之后, 华东地区的归化植物呈现出指数增长的趋势, 增长速率达1.5种/年, 且当前正处于快速增长阶段; 21世纪以来, 80%以上的归化植物来自于无意引入的物种, 这提示我们需要对此特别关注。华东地区作为对外交流的重要区域, 面临着外来植物输入以及归化并造成入侵的双重压力, 因此需对该地区的热点地区如口岸、港口等地加强出入境监管, 同时构建一套行之有效的外来植物风险评估体系, 这是开展外来物种风险管理的基础, 也是预防外来物种入侵的有效手段之一。

Yan XL, Liu QR, Shou HY, Zeng XF, Zhang Y, Chen L, Liu Y, Ma HY, Qi SY, Ma JS (2014)

The categorization and analysis on the geographic distribution patterns of Chinese alien invasive plants

Biodiversity Science, 22, 667-676. (in Chinese with English abstract)

DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14069      [本文引用: 1]

We used the literature, field investigations, specimen records and taxonomic research to categorize 515 alien invasive plant species from 72 families and 285 genera reported from China according to their biological and ecological characters, extent of spread within China, and amount of damage caused. Each species was put into one of 5 categories: malignant invasion (34 species), serious invasion (69 species), local invasion (85 species), general invasion (80 species), and species requiring further observation (247 species). According to our analyses of geographic distributional patterns, Chinese alien invasive plants were highly concentrated in the southwestern and eastern coastal provinces of China, and were rapidly spreading to inland China. These categories and distributional patterns of alien invasive plants could help to assess and control their invasive risk. Our results provide baseline information on Chinese alien invasive plants; and, at the same time, we put forward preliminary suggestions for further study, public education and the management of the important alien invasive plants in China.

[闫小玲, 刘全儒, 寿海洋, 曾宪锋, 张勇, 陈丽, 刘演, 马海英, 齐淑艳, 马金双 (2014)

中国外来入侵植物的等级划分与地理分布格局分析

生物多样性, 22, 667-676.]

DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14069      [本文引用: 1]

基于文献报道、野外调查、标本记录和必要的分类学考证, 整理出我国外来入侵植物72科285属515种。根据外来入侵种的生物学与生态学特性、自然地理分布、入侵范围以及所产生的危害, 将其划分为5类: 即恶性入侵类(34种)、严重入侵类(69种)、局部入侵类(85种)、一般入侵类(80种)和有待观察类(247种)。通过地理分布格局分析, 中国外来入侵植物主要分布在我国西南及东部沿海地区, 并进一步扩散到内陆各省。中国外来入侵等级划分和地理分布格局可以作为外来入侵植物风险防范和管理的依据。本工作提供我国外来入侵植物的本底资料的同时, 还对主要外来入侵植物的管理提出了具体建议。

Yang CZ, Lin Y (2021) List of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources in Fujian Province. Fujian Science and Technology Press, Fuzhou. (in Chinese)

[本文引用: 1]

[杨成梓, 林羽 (2021) 福建省中药资源名录. 福建科学技术出版社, 福州.]

[本文引用: 1]

Yang CZ, Liu XF, Fan SM, Huang ZH, Wu JZ (2013)

New distribution record of angiosperm in Fujian (V)

Subtropical Plant Science, 42, 65-67. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[本文引用: 1]

[杨成梓, 刘小芬, 范世明, 黄泽豪, 吴锦忠 (2013)

福建被子植物分布新记录V

亚热带植物科学, 42, 65-67.]

[本文引用: 1]

Yang WL (2018)

Dendrobium luoi var. wenhuii, a new variety of Dendrobium (Orchidaceae) from Fujian, China

Subtropical Plant Science, 47, 261-263. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[本文引用: 1]

[杨旺利 (2018)

文卉石斛, 福建石斛属(兰科)一新变种

亚热带植物科学, 47, 261-263.]

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2018.03.013      [本文引用: 1]

记载了在福建省发现的兰科石斛属植物一新变种——文卉石斛Dendrobium luoi var. wenhuii W. L. Yang,并描述其与原变种罗氏石斛D. luoi L. J. Chen et W. H. Rao和近缘种D. zhenghuoense S. P. Chen, L. Ma & M. H. Li的形态特征区别。

Yang Y, Ferguson DK, Liu B, Mao KS, Gao LM, Zhang SZ, Wan T, Rushforth K, Zhang ZX (2022)

Recent advances on phylogenomics of gymnosperms and a new classification

Plant Diversity, 44, 340-350.

DOI:10.1016/j.pld.2022.05.003      [本文引用: 2]

Living gymnosperms comprise four major groups: <i>cycads</i>, <i>Ginkgo</i>, conifers, and gnetophytes. Relationships among/within these lineages have not been fully resolved. Next generation sequencing has made available a large number of sequences, including both plastomes and single-copy nuclear genes, for reconstruction of solid phylogenetic trees. Recent advances in gymnosperm phylogenomic studies have updated our knowledge of gymnosperm systematics. Here, we review major advances of gymnosperm phylogeny over the past 10 years and propose an updated classification of extant gymnosperms. This new classification includes three classes (Cycadopsida, Ginkgoopsida, and Pinopsida), five subclasses (Cycadidae, Ginkgoidae, Cupressidae, Pinidae, and Gnetidae), eight orders (Cycadales, Ginkgoales, Araucariales, Cupressales, Pinales, Ephedrales, Gnetales, and Welwitschiales), 13 families, and 86 genera. We also described six new tribes including Acmopyleae Y. Yang, Austrocedreae Y. Yang, Chamaecyparideae Y. Yang, Microcachrydeae Y. Yang, Papuacedreae Y. Yang, and Prumnopityeae Y. Yang, and made 27 new combinations in the genus <i>Sabina</i>.

Yu Q, Chen GX, Yang Y, Wang QF, Wei N (2022)

A remarkable new species of Euphorbia Section Helioscopia (Euphorbia Subgenus Esula, Euphorbiaceae) from Jiufeng Mountains in Fujian Province, Eastern China

Systematic Botany, 47, 259-267.

DOI:10.1600/036364422X16442668893265      URL     [本文引用: 1]

— Euphorbia xiangxiui, a new species of Euphorbiaceae from Eastern China, supported by morphological and molecular evidence, is illustrated and described here. It can be distinguished from its closest relatives by the combination of several characters,\n including taller stature (up to 1.6 m), leaves of 5‐18 × 0.6‐3 cm in size, color of primary involucral leaves and cyathophylls changing from pink to rose, fading to green after fruiting, and four to six reniform-rounded concave glands. The molecular phylogenetic analysis,\n based on combined nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid ndhF sequences, further supports that E. xiangxiui should be placed in the East Asian Clade of Euphorbia subg. Esula sect. Helioscopia.

Zeng WB (1983)

The flora and phytogeographical subdivision of Fujian

Journal of Xiamen University (Natural Science), 22, 217-226. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[本文引用: 1]

[曾文彬 (1983)

福建植物区系与植物地理区域

厦门大学学报(自然科学版), 22, 217-226.]

[本文引用: 1]

Zhang LB (2017)

The PPG I classification and pteridophytes of China

Biodiversity Science, 25, 340-342. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.17520/biods.2016372      [本文引用: 1]

[张丽兵 (2017)

蕨类植物PPG I系统与中国石松类和蕨类植物分类

生物多样性, 25, 340-342.]

DOI:10.17520/biods.2016372      [本文引用: 1]

Zhang MJ, Su XX, An C, Li HQ, Zhang Z (2021)

Ainsliaea polystachya (Asteraceae), a new species from Fujian, China based on morphological and molecular evidence

Phytotaxa, 497, 277-284.

DOI:10.11646/phytotaxa.497.3      URL     [本文引用: 1]

Zhang MJ, Yu WJ, Li HQ (2019)

Ainsliaea simplicissima (Asteraceae), a new species from Southeast China and its phylogenetic position

Phytotaxa, 424, 243-252.

DOI:10.11646/phytotaxa.424.4      URL     [本文引用: 1]

Zhang XC, Wei R, Liu HM, He LJ, Wang L, Zhang GM (2013)

Phylogeny and classification of the extant lycophytes and ferns from China

Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 48, 119-137. (in Chinese with English abstract)

DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1259.2013.00119      URL     [本文引用: 1]

[张宪春, 卫然, 刘红梅, 何丽娟, 王丽, 张钢民 (2013)

中国现代石松类和蕨类的系统发育与分类系统

植物学报, 48, 119-137.]

DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1259.2013.00119      [本文引用: 1]

石松类和蕨类植物是以孢子繁殖的维管植物, 在陆地植物演化上占据重要地位。随着分子系统学研究的开展, 各大类群间的系统发育关系得以阐明, 传统上的概念得以修正, 新的现代石松类和蕨类植物的分类系统也被提出, 并不断得到完善。该文介绍国内外在蕨类植物系统发育方面的研究成果, 重点讨论中国分布的类群的分类处理。文中提出了一个完整的中国现代石松类和蕨类植物的分类系统, 包括5亚纲、14目、39科及12亚科、约140余属。

Zheng LX, Li PY, Huang ZH (2016)

The list of vascular plants from Fujian based on literature analysis

Subtropical Plant Science, 45, 135-141. (in Chinese with English abstract)

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2016.02.008      [本文引用: 1]

Since the Fujian Flora published in 1995, more and more new plants have been found in Fujian. In order to master the latest complete data, we collected the related literatures from the database, and analyzed the data from these literatures. The results showed that 4 families and 36 genera 260 species of vascular plants were added on the basis of the Fujian Flora which collecting 248 families and 1596 genera 4724 species of vascular plants (including subspecies and varietas). So the data of vascular plants in Fujian province had increased to 252 families and 1632 genera 4984 species (including subspecies and varietas) by the end of 2014.

[郑丽香, 李培云, 黄泽豪 (2016)

基于文献分析的福建维管束植物名录整理

亚热带植物科学, 45, 135-141.]

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2016.02.008      [本文引用: 1]

自《福建植物志》(1~6卷)出版以来,陆续在福建发现一些植物新种或新记录。文中通过对中外文献数据库进行检索,以发表的论文论著为依据,整理出福建维管束植物新种或新记录种名录和相关数据。截止2014年底,福建省维管束植物在《福建植物志》(1~6卷)收载的248科1596属4724种的基础上,增加了4科36属260种,达252科1632属4984种(含亚、变种)。

Zheng Z, Ma T, Roberts P, Li Z, Yue YF, Peng HH, Huang KY, Han ZY, Wan QC, Zhang YZ, Zhang X, Zheng YW, Saito Y (2021)

Anthropogenic impacts on Late Holocene land-cover change and floristic biodiversity loss in tropical southeastern Asia

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 118, e2022210118.

[本文引用: 1]

Zhou QJ, Dai JH, Lin CW, Denda T, Zhou RC, Liu Y (2019)

Recircumscription of Bredia and resurrection of Tashiroea (Sonerileae, Melastomataceae) with description of a new species T. villosa

PhytoKeys, 127, 121-150.

DOI:10.3897/phytokeys.127.36608      URL     [本文引用: 1]

Bredia (Melastomataceae) is an Asian genus that extends from central and southern mainland China to Taiwan and the Ryukyu islands. Molecular phylogenetic analyses reveal that the type of Bredia is nested in a clade of 20 species, while Tashiroea, a genus previously synonymized in Bredia, falls in another distantly related clade of 10 species. Our morphological survey shows that the two clades can be distinguished by several diagnostic features including leaf indumentum, texture, leaf surface sculpture under SEM, presence/absence of yellowish uniseriate trichomes, and capsule morphology. Based on molecular and morphological evidence, Bredia is recircumscribed and Tashiroea is resurrected. Description and a list of species are provided for the two genera with the description of a new species, T.villosa.

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