Native plants and animals can rapidly become superabundant and dominate ecosystems, leading to claims that native species are no less likely than alien species to cause environmental damage, including biodiversity loss. We compared how frequently alien and native species have been implicated as drivers of recent extinctions in a comprehensive global database, the 2017 International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Alien species were considered to be a contributing cause of 25% of plant extinctions and 33% of animal extinctions, whereas native species were implicated in less than 5% and 3% of plant and animal extinctions, respectively. When listed as a putative driver of recent extinctions, native species were more often associated with other extinction drivers than were alien species. Our results offer additional evidence that the biogeographic origin, and hence evolutionary history, of a species are determining factors of its potential to cause disruptive environmental impacts.

<p id="p00020"><strong>Aim:</strong> To compose a comprehensive research report of alien plants that characterizes the taxonomic work of the last 20 years in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei. </p> <p id="p00025"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 46 families, composed of 141 genera and 210 species, that were previously reported as alien invasive plants were characterized on the basis of available literature reports, taxonomic studies, and field surveys in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei. The primary considerations for the classification of invasive species were: (1) the number of specimens collected, (2) the time point of collection, (3) the amount of relevant literature reports, and (4) the level of national invasion determined through field investigation. </p><p id="p00030"><strong>Results:</strong> Based on taxonomic classification of the available data, 57 and 153 species were broadly categorized as native and alien, respectively. Of those considered as alien plant species, 82 species were determined to be invasive in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei.</p> <p id="p00035"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, the taxonomic work of the last 20 years in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei has demonstrated an inaccurate representation of its resident alien invasive plant populations. This is particularly due to the lack of relevant research and basic knowledge. Therefore, it is necessary to launch a more comprehensive investigation on these plant populations to identify alien invasive plants more easily and to implement effective management strategies for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei.</p>

基于文献报道和分类学考证, 首次全面、系统而又完整地整理了京津冀近20年报道的46科141属210种外来入侵植物种类及信息。经过分析并校正分为国产种和入侵种两大类。国产种又包括一般国产种22科39属39种、国产逸生类9科13属13种、国产归化类3科3属4种、国产入侵类1科1属1种; 外来种包括实则在京津冀没有达到入侵的温室及露地栽培类8科9属9种、外来逸生类12科32属36种、外来归化类10科19属20种、外来有待观察类6科6属6种, 真正对京津冀构成入侵的外来植物20科48属82种。根据京津冀目前标本数目及采集时间、京津冀报道文献次数及具体内容描述, 结合国家入侵等级及京津冀部分地区的实地考察情况, 对82个入侵种进行入侵级别划分, 分析并讨论了京津冀外来入侵物种的组成、原产地、分布特征、生活型和入侵途径以及京津冀外来入侵植物的危害现状, 并提出防治及管理措施。

新建川藏铁路雅安至昌都段横跨横断山核心地区, 该地区为全球生物多样性热点地区之一, 也是全国生态屏障的重要组成部分。铁路建设形成的交通网络将沿线生物多样性热点区域与外界相连, 导致生物入侵风险陡增。为获得区域内外来入侵植物的种类及分布特征信息, 为即将开始的铁路工程建设、生态保护及生态修复等工作提供参考, 我们在区段内选择43个位点进行长度1 km、宽度20 m的样线调查。研究结果显示: 共发现外来入侵植物58种, 隶属于18科42属, 其中出现频度最高的种类依次是牛膝菊(Galinsoga parviflora), 秋英(Cosmos bipinnatus)和鬼针草(Bidens pilosa)。从危害等级来看, 其中10种为恶性入侵种, 16种为严重入侵种, 8种为局部入侵种, 15种为一般入侵种, 9种为有待观察种, 超过半数种类具有明显入侵性。原产地分析结果显示美洲是该区域外来入侵植物的主要原产地。基于海拔及主要河流区段的比较研究发现: 入侵植物的种类数量呈现出明显的由东向西、由低海拔向高海拔逐渐递减的趋势, 该分布格局是环境因子和人类活动共同作用的结果。结合铁路沿线入侵现状和生境特征, 本文分析了铁路建设可能造成的外来植物入侵风险, 并针对入侵的防范提出了相应的建议。

<p id="p00010">It is an important basis for the research on the prevention and early warning mechanism of alien invasive plants in China to figure out the types of alien plants in China, where they come from, how to enter China, what kind of groups of these alien plants are, as well as their biological and ecological characteristics. The information of alien plants recorded in <i>Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae</i>, <i>Flora of China</i> and their records in the Chinese province flora is very limited due to various reasons. At present, there is no any available database including the complete information of alien plants in China. By integrating materials related to alien plants in recent years, and textual research on the origin, then added the habits of alien plants through literature, then using computer network, databases and big data analysis technical means, after information treatment and taxonomic correction, with reconstruction of the classification, this paper finally provided a dataset on catalogue of alien plants in China. There are 14,710 data in this set, with 14,710 taxa of Chinese alien plants belonging to 3,233 genera and 283 families (including 13,401 original species, 332 hybrids, 2 chimeras, 458 subspecies, 503 varieties and 14 forms). Each taxon includes basic information such as taxon, Chinese family name, family name, Chinese genus name, genus name, Chinese name, surname, scientific name, authors, living status, life span, growth habit, native countries or regions, and introduced provinces in China. The data set shows that alien plants have accounted for a considerable proportion in the composition of the Chinese flora (By December 31, 2021, there are 52,177 taxa of vascular plants in China, including 37,464 native taxa and 14,710 alien taxa, the proportion of alien plants is as high as 28.19%). In terms of survival status, cultivated plants account for 91% of all alien plants, escape plants account for 7.36%, naturalized plants account for 6.69% and invasive plants account for 2.66%; The analysis of life forms shows that perennial groups account for the vast majority of alien plants (13,625 species, about 92.6%), and the number of herbs (8,937 species, about 60.8%) is more than that of trees (2,752 species, about 18.7%), shrubs (4,916 species, about 33.4%) as well as the other life forms. Most of the alien plants in China were from North America (4,242 species), Africa (3,707 species), South America (3,645 species), and Asia (3,102 species), but less were from Europe (1,690 species) and Oceania (1,305 species). The top 10 provinces in China with more exotic plants are Taiwan (6,122 species), Beijing (5,244 species), Fujian (3,667 species), Guangdong (3,544 species), Yunnan (3,404 species), Shanghai (2,924 species), Jiangsu (2,183 species), Jiangxi (1,789 species), Zhejiang (1,658 species) and Hubei (973 species). This data set is the first comprehensive and systematic collation of alien plants in China. It can be used as a reference for research related to alien plants, as well as basic data for plant diversity research. It can also be used as a reference dataset for people in agriculture, forestry, prataculture, horticulture, herbal medicine, nature protection and environmental protection, as well as teachers and students in colleges and universities.</p> <table-wrap id="T2"> <label/> <caption xml:lang="en"> <p id="p00020"><strong>Database/Dataset Profile</strong></p></caption> <table> <thead></thead> <tbody> <tr> <td valign="middle" align="left" style="border-top:1px solid #000;border-bottom:1px solid #000;">Title</td> <td valign="middle" align="left" style="border-top:1px solid #000;border-bottom:1px solid #000;">A dataset on catalogue of alien plants in China</td></tr> <tr> <td valign="middle" align="left" style="border-top:1px solid #000;" width="230">Data authors</td> <td valign="middle" align="left" style="border-top:1px solid #000;">Qingwen Lin, Cui Xiao, Jinshuang Ma</td></tr> <tr> <td valign="middle" align="left">Data corresponding author</td> <td valign="middle" align="left">Jinshuang Ma (jinshuangma@gmail.com)</td></tr> <tr> <td valign="middle" align="left">Time range</td> <td valign="middle" align="left">1959-2021</td></tr> <tr> <td valign="middle" align="left">Geographical scope</td> <td valign="middle" align="left">China</td></tr> <tr> <td valign="middle" align="left">Spatial resolution</td> <td valign="middle" align="left">District (province)</td></tr> <tr> <td valign="middle" align="left">File size</td> <td valign="middle" align="left">2.77 MB</td></tr> <tr> <td valign="middle" align="left">Data volume</td> <td valign="middle" align="left">Number of records in 1 file: 14,710</td></tr> <tr> <td valign="middle" align="left">Data format</td> <td valign="middle" align="left">*.xlsx</td></tr> <tr> <td valign="middle" align="left">Data link</td> <td valign="middle" align="left"> <a href="https://www.scidb.cn/s/qaUZNb">https://www.scidb.cn/s/qaUZNb</a> <br> <a href="http://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.01711">http://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.01711</a> <br> <a href="https://www.biodiversity-science.net/fileup/1005-0094/DATA/2022127.zip">https://www.biodiversity-science.net/fileup/1005-0094/DATA/2022127.zip</a></td></tr> <tr> <td valign="middle" align="left" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000;">Database/Dataset composition</td> <td valign="middle" align="left" style="border-bottom:1px solid #000;">The dataset consists of 1 data file containing 1 sheet with 14,710 items (rows) and 14 fields (columns) as following: taxon, Chinese family name, family name, Chinese genus name, genus name, Chinese name, surname, scientific name, authors, living status, life span, growth habit, native countries or regions, and introduced provinces in China.</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap>

搞清楚中国外来植物种类有哪些, 从哪里来, 如何进入中国, 属于什么性质的类群, 它们的生物学特征和生态学特性如何等问题, 是中国外来入侵植物预防和预警机制研究的重要基础。《中国植物志》、Flora of China、各省级植物志书等记载的外来植物信息由于种种原因非常有限, 且目前我国尚没有完整体现中国外来植物信息的数据库。本文通过整合近几年外来植物相关的资料, 并通过文献考证增补外来植物原产地、习性等信息, 利用计算机网络、数据库及大数据分析技术手段, 经信息化处理和分类学校正, 进行分类体系重建, 最终确定中国外来植物的物种名录数据集。该数据集共有数据14,710条, 记载中国外来植物283科3,233属14,710个类群(含13,401原种332杂交种2嵌合体458亚种503变种14变型)。每个类群包括类别、中文科名、科名、中文属名、属名、中文名、别名、学名、命名人、生存状态、生存时间、生活型、原产国家或地区和中国引入省份等基础信息。数据集显示, 外来植物已在中国的植物种类构成中占据了相当大的比例(高达28.19%, 中国境内有维管植物52,177个类群, 其中本土37,464, 外来14,710, 上述数字包含种下等级, 统计截至2021年12月31日); 就生存状态而言, 栽培植物占所有外来植物的比例高达91%, 逃逸植物占7.36%, 归化植物占6.69%, 入侵植物占2.66%; 对于生活型的分析显示, 多年生类群占据了外来植物的绝大多数(13,625种, 约占总数的92.6%), 草本植物(8,937种, 约占总数的60.8%)相较于乔木(2,752种, 约占总数的18.7%)、灌木(4,916种, 约占总数的33.4%)及其他生活型数量要更多; 中国的外来植物大多来自北美洲(4,242种)、非洲(3,707种)、南美洲(3,645种)、亚洲(3,102种), 欧洲(1,690种)和大洋洲(1,305种)相对较少; 而中国具有外来植物最多的前10个省份分别为台湾(6,122种)、北京(5,244种)、福建(3,667种)、广东(3,544种)、云南(3,404种)、上海(2,924种)、江苏(2,183种)、江西(1,789种)、浙江(1,658种)和湖北(973种)。本数据集是第一次对中国外来植物进行全面系统整理, 可供从事外来植物相关研究工作参考, 也可作为植物多样性研究的基础资料, 还可作为农业、林业、草业、园林、草药及自然保护和环境保护人士及高等院校师生的参考数据。 数据库(集)基本信息简介 数据库(集)名称 中国外来植物数据集 作者 林秦文, 肖翠, 马金双 通讯作者 马金双(jinshuangma@gmail.com) 时间范围 1959-2021年 地理区域 中国 空间分辨率 省级 文件大小 2.77 MB 数据量 记录条数: 14,710 数据格式 *.xlsx 数据链接 https://www.scidb.cn/s/qaUZNb http://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.01711 https://www.biodiversity-science.net/fileup/1005-0094/DATA/2022127.zip 数据库(集)组成 共包括1个数据文件1个数据表, 共有14,710个记录(行)条14个字段(列)的数据。14个字段分别为: 类别、中文科名、科名、中文属名、属名、中文名、别名、学名、命名人、生存状态、生存时间、生活型、原产国家或地区、中国引入省份。

Unprecedented rates of introduction and spread of non-native species pose burgeoning challenges to biodiversity, natural resource management, regional economies, and human health. Current biosecurity efforts are failing to keep pace with globalization, revealing critical gaps in our understanding and response to invasions. Here, we identify four priority areas to advance invasion science in the face of rapid global environmental change. First, invasion science should strive to develop a more comprehensive framework for predicting how the behavior, abundance, and interspecific interactions of non-native species vary in relation to conditions in receiving environments and how these factors govern the ecological impacts of invasion. A second priority is to understand the potential synergistic effects of multiple co-occurring stressors— particularly involving climate change—on the establishment and impact of non-native species. Climate adaptation and mitigation strategies will need to consider the possible consequences of promoting non-native species, and appropriate management responses to non-native species will need to be developed. The third priority is to address the taxonomic impediment. The ability to detect and evaluate invasion risks is compromised by a growing deficit in taxonomic expertise, which cannot be adequately compensated by new molecular technologies alone. Management of biosecurity risks will become increasingly challenging unless academia, industry, and governments train and employ new personnel in taxonomy and systematics. Fourth, we recommend that internationally cooperative biosecurity strategies consider the bridgehead effects of global dispersal networks, in which organisms tend to invade new regions from locations where they have already established. Cooperation among countries to eradicate or control species established in bridgehead regions should yield greater benefit than independent attempts by individual countries to exclude these species from arriving and establishing.

Aim Climate change has increased the risk of biological invasions, particularly by increasing the climatically suitable regions for invasive alien species. The distribution of many native and invasive species has been predicted to change under future climate. We performed species distribution modelling of invasive alien plants (IAPs) to identify hotspots under current and future climate scenarios in Nepal, a country ranked among the most vulnerable countries to biological invasions and climate change in the world. Location Nepal. Methods We predicted climatically suitable niches of 24 out of the total 26 reported IAPs in Nepal under current and future climate (2050 for RCP 6.0) using an ensemble of species distribution models. We also conducted hotspot analysis to highlight the geographic hotspots for IAPs in different climatic zones, land cover, ecoregions, physiography and federal states. Results Under future climate, climatically suitable regions for 75% of IAPs will expand in contrast to a contraction of the climatically suitable regions for the remaining 25% of the IAPs. A high proportion of the modelled suitable niches of IAPs occurred on agricultural lands followed by forests. In aggregation, both extent and intensity (invasion hotspots) of the climatically suitable regions for IAPs will increase in Nepal under future climate scenarios. The invasion hotspots will expand towards the high-elevation mountainous regions. In these regions, land use is rapidly transforming due to the development of infrastructure and expansion of tourism and trade. Main conclusions Negative impacts on livelihood, biodiversity and ecosystem services, as well as economic loss caused by IAPs in the future, may be amplified if preventive and control measures are not immediately initiated. Therefore, the management of IAPs in Nepal should account for the vulnerability of climate change-induced biological invasions into new areas, primarily in the mountains.

Southwest China is an important route for invasive species. In this study, 49 invasive plants of 15 families and 41 genera were found within 373 grassland sampling sites of Guizhou Province, a typical karst mountainous region with a high invasion risk located in Southwest China. Invasive plants could be found within over 90% of the grassland sampling sites, and malignant invasive species were found in 60% of the sites. In about 30% of the sampling sites, more than one malignant species coexisted. The malignant invasive species were mainly distributed in the southwestern part of Guizhou Province. Their distribution patterns were affected by environmental and traffic factors; they preferred areas with low elevation, high temperature, high rainfall, high soil nutrient content, and traffic accessibility and could adversely affect plant cover and biomass. Conversely, seriously invasive species and other low-level invasive species had a positive or neutral effect on grassland communities. Therefore, the focus of invasive plant control measures should be on malignant invasive species. Specific control policies and practices, especially in areas with resource-rich environments and well-developed traffic networks, should be carried out to facilitate grassland ecosystem sustainability and to prevent the spread of invasive species to inland China.

Not applicable

Based on the demands for preventing, controlling, and managing the invasion of alien species in Inner Mongolia, an investigation of species composition and invasion status of alien plant species in Inner Mongolia was conducted. There are a total of 55 alien plants belonging to 17 families. We established a risk assessment indicator system that could be adapted to the characteristics of ecological, economic and social development of Inner Mongolia. Using this indicator system, the invasion risks of 53 alien plant species were evaluated and the levels of the invasion risks were assessed. For each risk level, the corresponding risk management strategies were presented. Our results provide a favorable guarantee for prevention and control of alien plants and consequently the ecological security in Inner Mongolia.

基于内蒙古生物入侵防控及外来物种管理的需求，对内蒙古外来植物的种类组成和入侵现状进行了调查。结果表明：目前内蒙古外来植物共55种，隶属于17个科；构建了适应于内蒙古地区生态环境特点和经济社会发展特征的外来植物入侵风险评估指标体系，通过对内蒙古53种主要的外来植物进行入侵风险评价，确定其风险等级，提出相应的管理策略，从而为内蒙古地区外来植物入侵的防范和生态安全提供有利保障。