生物多样性, 2022, 30(4): 21470- doi: 10.17520/biods.2021470

生物编目

云南省两栖类物种名录修订

袁智勇,,1,2,*, 陈进民,3, 吴云鹤,4, 李先琦,2, 车静,,4,*

1.西南大学生命科学学院淡水鱼类资源与生殖发育教育部重点实验室, 重庆 400715

2.西南林业大学云南省高校极小种群野生动物保育重点实验室, 昆明 650224

3.安徽师范大学生命科学学院重要生物资源保护与利用研究安徽省省级重点实验室, 安徽芜湖 241000

4.中国科学院昆明动物研究所遗传资源与进化国家重点实验室 & 云南省高黎贡山生物多样性与生态安全重点实验室, 昆明 650223

Revision of the list of amphibian species in Yunnan Province

Zhiyong Yuan,,1,2,*, Jinmin Chen,3, Yunhe Wu,4, Xianqi Li,2, Jing Che,,4,*

1 Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715

2 Key Laboratory for Conserving Wildlife with Small Populations in Yunnan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224

3 Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000

4 State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Security of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223

通讯作者: *E-mail:chej@mail.kiz.ac.cn;yuanzhiyongkiz@126.com

编委: 江建平

责任编辑: 闫文杰

收稿日期: 2021-11-21   接受日期: 2022-03-17  

基金资助: 中国科学院战略性先导科技专项A(XDA19050303)
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0501)
科技基础资源调查专项(2021FY100203)
云南跨境生物监测预警技术体系研究及应用(02102AA310055)
生物资源数字化开发应用项目(202002AA100007)
中国科学院中国生物多样性监测与研究网络项目和中国西南野生生物种质资源库动物分库(国家重大科技基础设施专项)

Corresponding authors: *E-mail:chej@mail.kiz.ac.cn;yuanzhiyongkiz@126.com

Received: 2021-11-21   Accepted: 2022-03-17  

摘要

云南省是我国两栖类多样性最丰富的地区, 近年来受威胁的两栖类物种数显著增加, 亟需对两栖类的名录进行更新和完善。本文在《云南两栖爬行动物》的基础上, 通过收集近十余年的研究资料, 结合近年国内外最新研究结果, 确定物种有效性和分类归属, 并结合本团队野外考察数据, 对云南两栖类的物种名录和分布进行系统的整理与修订。修订后的名录共记录云南省两栖类191种, 隶属3目12科49属, 占全国两栖类种数的32.5%。自2008年以来, 云南省新增两栖类1科23属70种, 本名录修订3科31属47种; 共发现34个新种、15个中国新纪录和10个省级新纪录种, 主要集中在云南的边境地区。云南省记录45种受威胁物种, 占云南省两栖类种数的23.6%, 占全国受威胁两栖类物种数的25.6%。其中, 2种被列为极危(CR), 9种被列为濒危(EN), 34种被列为易危(VU)。名录共记录15种国家II级重点保护野生动物, 占受国家保护两栖类种数的16.0%。此外, 列入CITES附录I和附录II的分别有1种和8种, 被列为云南省极小种群物种而作为重点保护野生动物的有5种。在新名录的基础上, 本文讨论了云南省两栖类多样性与分类研究不足的类群、考察薄弱的地区、物种丰富度的格局分布以及受威胁情况, 以期对云南省未来两栖类的研究和保护工作提供依据和参考。

关键词: 野生动物名录; 分类修订; 野生动物保护; 极小种群; 云南边境

Abstract

Aims: To update and improve the list of amphibian species in Yunnan Province, we summarize the taxonomic revisions for each taxon, the species distribution, the geographical distribution pattern of the species, and the conservation status of each species.

Methods: Combining the latest studies and our field research in past decade, we have revised the species list and distribution of amphibians in Yunnan Province since the publication of the book Amphibia and Reptilia of Yunnan in 2008.

Results: The revised list records a total of 191 species of amphibians which belong to 49 genera, 12 families, and 3 orders, which account for 32.5% of the amphibians in China. Since 2008, 70 species of amphibians from 23 genera and 1 family have been added to the list, and the taxonomic status of 47 species from 31 genera and 3 families has been revised. A total of 34 new species, 15 new Chinese records, and 10 new provincial records were discovered. Forty-five threatened amphibian species in Yunnan Province were recorded, accounting for 23.6% of amphibians in Yunnan Province and 25.6% of the threatened Chinese amphibians. Among them, 2 species are listed as Critically Endangered (CR) species; 9 species are Endangered (EN); and 34 species are Vulnerable (VU). Fifteen species are included in the list of key protected wild animals in China, accounting for 16% of the amphibians protected in the list. In addition, one and eight species are listed in CITES appendix I and II respectively, and five species are listed in the Wildlife Species with Extremely Small Populations in Yunnan Province.

Conclusion: Most of the species have a clear taxonomic status while a few of them remain a challenge because they are less studied or live across different countries which means more international collaboration is needed. Most of the new species and new Chinese records were primarily found from the areas around the border of the Yunnan Province where there has been a lack of research in the past. The diversity of amphibian species from these areas was also identified as the richest. In the future, field studies must be conducted in these areas. Although many threatened amphibians from Yunnan were under protection, little is known about their life history. More research would contribute to the conservation of these amphibians.

Keywords: wildlife list; taxonomic revision; wildlife conservation; Wildlife Species with Extremely Small Populations; Yunnan border

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本文引用格式

袁智勇, 陈进民, 吴云鹤, 李先琦, 车静 (2022) 云南省两栖类物种名录修订. 生物多样性, 30, 21470-. doi:10.17520/biods.2021470.

Zhiyong Yuan, Jinmin Chen, Yunhe Wu, Xianqi Li, Jing Che (2022) Revision of the list of amphibian species in Yunnan Province. Biodiversity Science, 30, 21470-. doi:10.17520/biods.2021470.

生物多样性是人类生存与社会可持续发展的物质基础。目前, 全球范围内生物多样性大量丧失, 生物多样性的持续下降是21世纪人类面临的最严峻挑战之一(Ceballos et al, 2015; Payne et al, 2016)。一份科学、清楚的物种名录不仅能推动生物类群的研究工作, 还能为地方政府及相关部门制定保护政策提供重要的科学依据。

云南省位于我国西南, 横跨中国西南山地、喜马拉雅山地和印缅地区3个全球生物多样性热点区域(Mittermeier et al, 2004), 以“动植物王国”而享誉世界, 是我国野生动植物多样性最丰富的地区, 其中两栖类物种多样性居全国各省之首(蒋志刚等, 2016)。《云南两栖爬行动物》(杨大同和饶定齐, 2008)是目前涉及云南两栖物种多样性最为系统的研究专著, 共收录两栖类3目11科26属121种。近十余年来, 随着国内外两栖动物学者的深入调查和研究, 云南的新种、新纪录不断被报道, 物种多样性快速增加。同时, 长期存在争议的部分类群得到了解决, 例如蛙科(Ranidae)、树蛙科(Rhacophoridae)、角蟾科(Megophryidae)等(Che et al, 2009; Li et al, 2009, 2012a; Chen et al, 2017, 2020a)。尽管孙航和高正文(2016, 2017)对云南省的生物多样性物种名录进行了汇编, 但是缺乏对相关物种的修订做明确说明。另外, 2021年新调整的《国家重点保护野生动物名录》对原有两栖类的物种保护等级做了较大修订, 云南省受威胁的两栖类物种数显著增加, 因此亟需对云南省两栖类的名录进行更新和完善。

本文在《云南两栖爬行动物》(杨大同和饶定齐, 2008)的基础上, 通过收集最近十余年(2008年1月至2021年8月)的研究资料, 结合近年国内外类群的研究结果, 确定物种的有效性和分类归属, 并结合本团队野外考察的数据, 对云南两栖类的物种名录和分布进行系统的整理与修订。并在新名录的基础上讨论云南省两栖类多样性与分类研究不足的类群、考察薄弱的地区、物种丰富度格局以及受威胁情况, 以期为云南省未来两栖类的研究和保护工作提供依据和参考。

1 材料和方法

本文的分类体系和物种名主要依据中国两栖类在线数据库(http://www.amphibiachina.org/), 同时参考最新研究进展, 如王剀等(2020)、江建平等(2020)、Chen等(2018, 2020a)、Jiang等(2019)、Yuan等(2016a, b, 2019)。以《云南两栖爬行动物》(杨大同和饶定齐, 2008)为基础, 系统收集有关云南省两栖类多样性与分类学研究的文献和专著(截止到2021年8月30日), 例如《云南两栖类志》(杨大同, 1991)、《横断山区两栖爬行动物》(赵尔宓和杨大同, 1997)、《中国动物志》(费梁等, 2006, 2009a, b)、《中国两栖动物及其分布彩色图鉴》(费梁等, 2012)、《云南省生物物种名录2016版》(孙航和高正文, 2016)、《云南省生物物种红色名录》(孙航和高正文, 2017)等, 对云南省现生两栖类名录进行修订和更新, 总结2008年以来云南两栖类科属的分类变动以及新增、误定、尚具分类争议的物种。同时, 基于本团队近十余年在云南的野外科考数据, 对物种的分布(以市县为单位)进行了重新的梳理。本文不收录外来入侵物种。

通过整理新种、中国新纪录种和云南省新纪录种发表的年代和地区, 统计新发现的类群、时间和地理分布情况。同时, 按照各物种的分布范围, 以县域为单位解析云南省两栖类物种丰富度格局, 根据其分布特征, 区分为中国特有种和云南特有种。IUCN的濒危等级与《中国生物多样性红色名录•脊椎动物(第四卷): 两栖动物》(江建平和谢锋, 2021)的差异较大, 例如部分物种虽然在全球范围可能是无危, 但在中国却可能面临的威胁较大。考虑到本名录的更新是为了指导地方政府更切实有效地对云南省的物种进行保护和管理, 本文仅依据《中国生物多样性红色名录•脊椎动物(第四卷): 两栖动物》(江建平和谢锋, 2021)整理云南省物种受胁等级, 新发现物种或还未列入上述红色名录的物种暂定为“未评估” (NE)。整理出CITES附录(附录I, 附录II)中记录的分布于云南省的相关两栖类物种。依据2021年2月国家林业和草原局、农业农村部发布的《国家重点保护野生动物名录》整理国家重点保护野生动物的保护等级, 同时根据云南省最近出台的关于云南省两栖类的针对性保护政策, 即云南省林业和草原局(原云南省林业厅)和云南省科技厅发布的《云南省极小种群物种拯救保护规划纲要》整理已发布的云南省重点保护的极小种群两栖类。

2 结果

截至2021年8月, 云南省已记录191种两栖类, 隶属3目12科49属, 占全国两栖类种数的32.5% (附录1)。其中, 蚓螈目1科1属1种(0.5%)、有尾目3科5属13种(6.8%)、无尾目8科43属177种(92.7%)。以蛙科(45种)、角蟾科(45种)、树蛙科(40种)物种居多, 占无尾目物种总数的73.3%。本研究的结果显示自2008年《云南两栖爬行动物》出版以来, 云南省新增两栖类1科23属70种, 本名录分别修订了3科31属47种的分类, 共发现两栖类34个新种、15个中国新纪录和10个云南省新纪录种, 这些新种和新纪录主要集中在云南的边境地区(图1, 表1, 表2, 表3, 附录2)。除2013年和2014年外, 云南省每年都有新增的物种, 主要集中在树蛙科(30.5%)、蛙科(16.9%)和角蟾科(28.8%) (图2)。云南省两栖类共91种为中国特有种, 占全国两栖类中国特有种总数的28.5%, 另外云南特有两栖类56种, 占云南两栖类总数的29.3%。云南的边境地区, 尤其是德宏傣族景颇族自治州、临沧市、西双版纳傣族自治州和红河哈尼族彝族自治州的物种多样性较高(图3)。

图1

图1   云南省两栖类新增物种地理分布图(2008-2021年)。a: 新种; b: 中国新纪录种; c: 云南省新纪录种。数字对应表3的相关物种。

Fig. 1   The localities of newly added amphibian fauna of Yunnan Province including new species (a), Chinese new records (b), and new records in Yunnan Province (c) between 2008 and 2021. Locality number refers to the species no. in Table 3.


图2

图2   云南省两栖类新增物种概况(2008-2021年)。a: 各年发表的新种、中国新纪录种和云南省新纪录种的数量及占比; b: 各科新种数的占比。

Fig. 2   Details for the additional amphibian fauna of Yunnan Province from 2008 to 2021. a, The numbers and percentage of new species, Chinese new records and new records of Yunnan Province published for each year. b, The percentage of new species for each family.


图3

图3   云南省两栖类物种丰富度县域分布热点图

Fig. 3   Species richness pattern of amphibians in Yunnan Province


表1   2008-2021年云南省两栖类科级和属级分类变动。详细的分类变动历史见附录2。▲ 新纪录; ◆ 新增科、属; ● 修订属的有效性; ■ 取消分布记录。

Table 1  The revised genera and families of amphibians in Yunnan Province between 2008 and 2021. Detail of the revisions were present in Appendix 2. ▲ New record; Added family and genus; ● Revised the validity of the genus; ■ Cancel distribution record.

原科中文名
Previous family Chinese
name
原科学名
Previous family scientific
name
原属中文名
Previous
genus Chinese
name
原属学名
Previous
genus scientific
name
现科中文名 Revised family Chinese name现科学名
Current
family scientific
name
现属中文名
Revised
genus Chinese
name
现属学名
Current
genus scientific
name
参考文献
References
有尾目 Caudata
蝾螈科Salamandridae瘰螈属ParamesotritonZhang et al, 2017; 李波艳等, 2021; 魏平凡等, 2021
无尾目 Anura
盘舌蟾科Discoglossidae铃蟾科BombinatoridaeFord & Cannatella, 1993; Frost et al, 2006; 费梁等, 2009b; Pyron & Wiens, 2011
角蟾科Megophryidae齿蟾亚属Oreolalax角蟾科Megophryidae齿蟾属OreolalaxZhao & Adler, 1993; Fu et al, 2007; 费梁等, 2009b, 2012
齿突蟾亚属Scutiger齿突蟾属Scutiger
髭蟾亚属Vibrissaphora拟髭蟾属LeptobrachiumRao & Wilkinson, 2008; Zheng et al, 2008
掌突蟾属Leptolalax掌突蟾属LeptobrachellaChen et al, 2018
角蟾属Megophrys无耳蟾属AtympanophrysFei & Ye, 2016; Chen et al, 2017; Mahony et al, 2017; Liu et al, 2018; Dubois et al, 2021; Lyu et al, 2021
布角蟾属Boulenophrys
角蟾属Megophrys
异角蟾属Xenophrys
蟾蜍科Bufonidae溪蟾属Torrentophryne蟾蜍科Bufonidae蟾蜍属BufoYang et al, 1996; Liu et al, 2000; Frost et al, 2006; Dubois & Bour, 2010
蟾蜍属Bufo
头棱蟾属DuttaphrynusFrost et al, 2006; Van Bocxlaer et al, 2009
叉舌蛙科Dicroglossidae南亚陆蛙属MinervaryaHui et al, 2019
姬蛙科Microhylidae姬蛙属
(德力姬蛙)
Micrhyla
(M. inonata)
姬蛙科Microhylidae小姬蛙属MicrylettaVan der Meijden et al, 2007; Peloso et al, 2016
小狭口蛙属Calluella小狭口蛙属Glyphoglossus
蛙科Ranidae浮蛙属Occidozyga叉舌蛙科Dicroglossidae浮蛙属OccidozygaChe et al, 2009, 2010; 费梁等, 2012; Suwannapoom et al, 2016; Yan et al, 2016
蛙属(版纳蛙、
大头蛙、刘氏棘蛙)
Rana (R. bannanica, R. kuhlii, R. liui)大头蛙属Limnonectes
倭蛙属Nanorana倭蛙属Nanorana
蛙属(Rana
(Paa) spp.)
Rana
蛙属
(泽蛙)
Rana
(R. multistriata)
陆蛙属
(泽陆蛙)
Fejervarya
(F. multistriata)
费梁等, 2009a, 2012; Sanchez et al, 2018
蛙属Rana蛙科Ranidae蛙属RanaDubois, 1981, 1992; 费梁等, 1990; 赵尔宓等, 2000; Che et al, 2007; 杨大同和饶定齐, 2008; Chen et al, 2013; Oliver et al, 2015; Hofman et al, 2016; Yuan et al, 2016b; Lyu et al, 2017
臭蛙属Odorrana
水蛙属Hylarana
侧褶蛙属Pelophylax
琴蛙属Nidirana
树蛙科
Rhacophoridae小树蛙属Philautus树蛙科Rhacophoridae原趾树蛙属KurixalusLi et al, 2008; Yu et al, 2009; Biju et al, 2010; 费梁等, 2012; Li et al, 2013; Meegaskumbura et al, 2015; Chen et al, 2020a
费树蛙属Feihyla
纤树蛙属Gracixalus
灌树蛙属Raorchestes
树蛙属Rhacophorus张树蛙属ZhangixalusJiang et al, 2019
树蛙属Rhacophorus
棱鼻树蛙属NasutixalusYang & Chan, 2018
跳树蛙属
(侧条跳树蛙)
Chirixalus
(C. vittatus)
罗树蛙属RohanixalusBiju et al, 2020

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表2   2008-2021年云南省两栖类物种变动修订

Table 2  The revised species of amphibians in Yunnan Province between 2008 and 2021

原属中文名
Previous genus Chinese name
原属学名
Previous
genus scientific
name
原种中文名
Previous Chinese common name
原种学名
Previous species scientific name
现属中文名
Revised
genus Chinese
name
现属学名
Current
genus scientific
name
现种中文名
Revised Chinese common name
现种学名
Current
species scientific
name
参考文献
Reference
鱼螈科 Ichthyophiidae鱼螈科 Ichthyophiidae
鱼螈属Ichthyophis版纳鱼螈I. bannanica鱼螈属Ichthyophis版纳鱼螈I. kohtaoensisNishikawa et al, 2021
小鲵科 Hynobiidae小鲵科 Hynobiidae
山溪鲵属Batrachuperus山溪鲵B. pinchonii山溪鲵属Batrachuperus稻城山溪鲵B. daochengensisXiong et al, 2020
蝾螈科 Salamandridae蝾螈科 Salamandridae
疣螈属Tylototriton红瘰疣螈
指名亚种
Tylototriton v. verrucosus疣螈属Tylototriton棕黑疣螈T. verrucosus赵尔宓等, 2000; 张明旺等, 2007; 杨大同和饶定齐, 2008; Stuart et al, 2010; 费梁等, 2012; Nishikawa et al, 2014
红瘰疣螈
山精亚种
Tylototriton v. shanjing红瘰疣螈T. shanjing
盘舌蟾科 Discoglossidae铃蟾科 Bombinatoridae
铃蟾属Bombina大蹼铃蟾
指名亚种
Bombina m. maxima铃蟾属Bombina大蹼铃蟾B. maximaZheng et al, 2009; Pabijan et al, 2013
大蹼铃蟾
微蹼亚种
Bombina m. microdeladigitora微蹼铃蟾B. microdeladigitora
角蟾科 Megophryidae角蟾科 Megophryidae
短腿蟾属Brachytarsophrys宽头短腿蟾B. carinensis短腿蟾属Brachytarsophrys平顶短腿蟾B. platyparietusLi et al, 2020
角蟾属Megophrys大花角蟾M. gigantica无耳蟾属Atympanophrys大花角蟾A. giganticaFei & Ye, 2016; Chen et al, 2017; Mahony et al, 2017; Liu et al, 2018; Lyu et al, 2021
泸水角蟾M. lushuiensis布角蟾属Boulenophrys泸水角蟾B. lushuiensis
宾川角蟾M. binchuanensis宾川角蟾B. binchuanensis
大围角蟾M. daweimontis大围角蟾B. daweimontis
景东角蟾M. jingdongensis景东角蟾B. jingdongensis
小角蟾M. minor小角蟾B. minor
粗皮角蟾M. palpebralespinosa粗皮角蟾B. palpebralespinosa
红股角蟾M. rubrimera红股角蟾B. rubrimera
无量山角蟾M. wuliangshanensis无量山角蟾B. wuliangshanensis
凹顶角蟾M. parva异角蟾属Xenophrys凹顶角蟾X. parva
茅索角蟾M. maosonensis茅索角蟾X. maosonensis
藏南角蟾M. periosa藏南角蟾X. periosa
蟾蜍科 Bufonidae蟾蜍科 Bufonidae
蟾蜍属Bufo西藏蟾蜍B. tibetanus蟾蜍属Bufo中华蟾蜍B. gargarizansZhan & Fu, 2011
姬蛙科 Microhylidae姬蛙科 Microhylidae
细狭口蛙属Kalophrynus孟连细狭口蛙K. menglienicus小姬蛙属Micryletta孟连小姬蛙M. menglienica费梁, 2020; Liu et al, 2021b
姬蛙属Microhyla大姬蛙M. fowleri姬蛙属Microhyla缅甸姬蛙M. berdmoreiMatsui, 2011
饰纹姬蛙M. ornata饰纹姬蛙M. fissipesMatsui et al, 2005; Hasan et al, 2014; Yuan et al, 2016a
穆式姬蛙M. mukhlesuri
原属中文名
Previous Chinese genus name
原属学名
Previous genus scientific name
原种中文名
Previous Chinese common name
原种学名
Previous species scientific name
现属中文名
Revised
genus name
现属学名
Current
genus scientific name
现种中文名
Revised Chinese common name
现种学名
Current species scientific name
参考文献
Reference
蛙科 Ranidae蛙科 Ranidae
蛙属Rana弹琴蛙R. adenopleura琴蛙属Nidirana弹琴蛙N. adenopleuraYuan et al, 2019
林琴蛙N. lini
沙巴琴蛙N. chapaensis
版纳蛙R. bannanica水蛙属Hylarana米尔水蛙H. milleti饶定齐和杨大同, 1997; Ohlerl, 2007; 费梁等, 2008
沧源蛙R. cangyuanensis臭蛙属Odorrana沧源臭蛙O. cangyuanensis费梁等, 2012
安氏臭蛙R. addersonii云南臭蛙O. addersonii刘承钊和胡淑琴, 1961; 费梁等, 1990; 杨大同和饶定齐, 2008; 费梁等, 2009a, 2012
湍蛙属Amolops丽湍蛙A. bellulus湍蛙属Amolops片马湍蛙A. bellulus杨大同和饶定齐, 2008; 费梁等, 2009a, 2010a, 2012
崇安湍蛙A. chunganensis团结湍蛙A. tuanjieensisYang, 1991; 吴贯夫和田婉淑, 1995; 杨大同和饶定齐, 2008; 费梁等, 2009a; Jiang et al, 2021
勐养湍蛙A. mengyangensis
突吻湍蛙A. macrorhynchus臭蛙属Odorrana沙巴臭蛙O. chapaensisDubois, 1992; 费梁等, 2005, 2009a; Ngo et al, 2006; Cai et al, 2007; Che et al, 2007; Stuart, 2008; Bain et al, 2009
蛙科 Ranidae叉舌蛙科 Dicroglossidae
蛙属Rana刘氏舌突蛙R. liui大头蛙属Limnonectes刘氏大头蛙L. liuiYan et al, 2016
大头蛙R. kuhlii版纳大头蛙L. bannaensisSuwannapoom et al, 2016
陇川大头蛙L. longchuanensis
泰诺大头蛙L. taylori
缅北棘蛙Rana (Paa) arnoldi倭蛙属Nanorana察隅棘蛙N. chayuensisChe et al, 2009
刘氏棘蛙R. liui四川棘蛙N. sichuanensisHuang et al, 2016
双团棘胸蛙Rana (Paa) yunnanensis云南棘蛙N. yunnanensis
眼斑棘蛙Rana (Paa) feae
棘胸蛙R. (Paa) spinosa取消分布 Cancel distribution recordYan et al, 2021
树蛙科 Rhacophoridae树蛙科 Rhacophoridae
泛树蛙属Polypedates棘皮泛树蛙P. spinus张树蛙属Zhangixalus蓝面树蛙Z. duboisiLi et al, 2012a
杜式泛树蛙P. davidi普洱树蛙Z. puerensisLi et al, 2012b
棕褶泛树蛙P. feae棕褶树蛙Z. feae费梁等, 2005, 2009b; Li et al, 2012b
树蛙属Rhacophorus贡山树蛙R. gongshanensis缅甸树蛙Z. burmanusOhler, 2009
跳树蛙属Philautus锯腿小树蛙P. carvirostris原指树蛙属Kurixalus锯腿原指树蛙K. odontotarsusLi et al, 2008, 2009; Yu et al, 2009, 2010

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表3   2008-2021年间描述的中国云南两栖类新种以及新纪录种

Table 3  New species and new records of amphibians in Yunnan from 2008 to 2021

编号
Number
中文名
Chinese common name
学名
Scientific name
发表年份
Year
参考文献
Reference
新种 New species
小鲵科 Hynobiidae
1稻城山溪鲵Batrachuperus daochengensis2020Xiong et al, 2020
蝾螈科 Salamandridae
2滇南疣螈Tylototriton yangi2012侯勉等, 2012
3丽色疣螈Tylototriton pulcherrimus2012侯勉等, 2012
角蟾科 Megophryidae
4黄连山掌突蟾Leptobrachella aspera2020Wang et al, 2020
5费氏掌突蟾Leptobrachella feii2020Chen et al, 2020b
6黄腺掌突蟾Leptobrachella flaviglandulosa2020Chen et al, 2020b
7雪山掌突蟾Leptobrachella niveimontis2020Chen et al, 2020b
8紫棕掌突蟾Leptobrachella purpurus2018Yang et al, 2018b
9腾冲掌突蟾Leptobrachella tengchongensis2016Yang et al, 2016b
10盈江掌突蟾Leptobrachella yingjiangensis2018Yang et al, 2018b
11腾冲拟髭蟾Leptobrachium tengchongense2016Yang et al, 2016a
12费氏角蟾"Megophrys" feii2018Yang et al, 2018a
13红股角蟾Boulenophrys rubrimera2017Tapley et al, 2017
14泸水角蟾Boulenophrys lushuiensis2021Shi et al, 2021
15腾冲齿突蟾Scutiger tengchongensis2019Yang & Huang, 2019
姬蛙科 Microhylidae
16河口小姬蛙Microhyla hekouensis2021Liu et al, 2021a
叉舌蛙科 Dicroglossidae
17陇川大头蛙Limnonectes longchuanensis2016Suwannapoom et al, 2016
18雪林棘蛙Nanorana xuelinensis2021Liu et al, 2021c
蛙科 Ranidae
19团结湍蛙Amolops tuanjieensis2020Gan et al, 2020
20孟定湍蛙Amolops mengdingensis2019Yu et al, 2019c
21文山湍蛙Amolops wenshanensis2018Yuan et al, 2018
22滇西琴蛙Nidirana occidentalis2020Lyu et al, 2020
23独龙臭蛙Odorrana dulongensis2021Liu et al, 2021
树蛙科 Rhacophoridae
24抚华费树蛙Feihyla fuhua2010费梁等, 2010b
25云南纤树蛙Gracixalus yunnanensis2019Yu et al, 2019b
26冷泉原指树蛙Kurixalus lenquanensis2017Yu et al, 2017
27杨氏原指树蛙Kurixalus yangi2018Yu et al, 2018
28盈江棱鼻树蛙Nasutixalus yingjiangensis2018Yang & Chan, 2018
29沧源灌树蛙Raorchestes cangyuanensis2019Wu et al, 2019
30勐海灌树蛙Raorchestes hillisi2020Jiang et al, 2020
31黄连山灌树蛙Raorchestes huanglianshan2020Jiang et al, 2020
32独龙灌树蛙Raorchestes dulongensis2021Wu et al, 2021
33突肛树蛙Zhangixalus pachyproctus2019Yu et al, 2019a
34弗氏树蛙Zhangixalus franki2020Ninh et al, 2020
编号
Number
中文名
Chinese common name
学名
Scientific name
发表年份
Year
参考文献
Reference
云南省新纪录 New records in Yunnan Province
蝾螈科 Salamandridae
35龙里瘰螈Paramesotriton longliensis2021李波艳等, 2021
角蟾科 Megophryidae
36藏南角蟾Xenophrys periosa2020石胜超等, 2020
姬蛙科 Microhylidae
37弄岗狭口蛙Kaloula nonggangensis2020魏平凡等, 2020
叉舌蛙科 Dicroglossidae
38川村陆蛙Fejervarya kawamurai2009费梁等, 2009a
蛙科 Ranidae
39瑶湍蛙Amolops daorum2020Wu et al, 2020
40克钦湍蛙Amolops afghanus2019Lyu et al, 2019
41北圻臭蛙Odorrana bacboensis2015Wang et al, 2015
树蛙科 Rhacophoridae
42疣灌树蛙Raorchestes andersoni2020Chen et al, 2020a
43缅甸棱皮树蛙Theloderma pyaukkya2020Du et al, 2020
44棘棱皮树蛙Theloderma moloch2020Du et al, 2020
中国新纪录 New records in China
蝾螈科 Salamandridae
45德氏瘰螈Paramesotriton deloustali2017Zhang et al, 2017
46蔡氏疣螈Tylototriton ziegleri2017Jiang et al, 2017
角蟾科 Megophryidae
47布氏掌突蟾Leptobrachella bourreti2018Chen et al, 2018
48拂晓掌突蟾Leptobrachella eos2018Chen et al, 2018
49夜神掌突蟾Leptobrachella nyx2018Chen et al, 2018
50茅索角蟾Xenophrys maosonensis2017Chen et al, 2017
姬蛙科 Microhylidae
51穆氏姬蛙Microhyla mukhlesuri2016Yuan et al, 2016a
叉舌蛙科 Dicroglossidae
52泰诺大头蛙Limnonectes taylori2016Suwannapoom et al, 2016
53清迈陆蛙Minervarya chiangmaiensis2019Hui et al, 2019
蛙科 Ranidae
54沙巴琴蛙Nidirana chapaensis2019Yuan et al, 2019
55越北臭蛙Odorrana geminata2012费梁等, 2012
树蛙科 Rhacophoridae
56浦活纤树蛙Gracixalus quangi2020Liu et al, 2020
57绿背树蛙Zhangixalus dorsoviridis2011张君等, 2011
58双色棱皮树蛙Theloderma bicolor2017Hou et al, 2017
59印支棱皮树蛙Theloderma gordoni2018Qi et al, 2018

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云南省有45种受威胁的两栖类物种(近危NT等级以上), 占云南省两栖类物种数的23.6%, 全国受威胁两栖类物种数的25.6% (表4)。其中, 2个物种被列入极危(CR), 9种濒危(EN), 34种为易危(VU)。另外, 39种为近危(NT), 48种为无危(LC), 20种为数据缺乏(DD), 38种未被记录评估, 1种已灭绝(EX), 即滇螈(Cynops wolterstorffi)。本名录共记录15种国家II级重点保护野生动物(表4), 占国家重点保护两栖类种数的16%。此外, 列入CITES附录I的有1种, 列入附录II的有8种(表4), 74种属于“国家保护的有重要生态、科学、社会价值的陆生野生动物”, 被列为云南省极小种群物种作为重点保护的野生动物有5种。

表4   云南省珍稀濒危及保护两栖类名录

Table 4  List of endangered and protected amphibia species of Yunnan

中文名
Chinese name
拉丁名
Scientific name
中国生物多样性红色名录 / 国家重点保护野生动物名录 / CITES附录等级
China’s Red List of Biodiversity / List of Key Protected Wild Animals in China / CITES Appendix
中文名
Chinese name
拉丁名
Scientific name
中国生物多样性红色名录 / 国家重点保护野生动物名录 / CITES附录等级
China’s Red List of Biodiversity / List of Key Protected Wild Animals in China / CITES Appendix
版纳鱼螈Ichthyophis kohtaoensisNT / II / -景东齿蟾Oreolalax jingdongensisVU / - / -
中国大鲵Andrias davidianusCR / II / I贡山齿突蟾Scutiger gongshanensisVU / - / -
呈贡蝾螈Cynops chenggongensisCR / - / -无棘溪蟾Bufo aspiniusVU / II / -
龙里瘰螈Paramesotriton longliensisEN / II / II德力小姬蛙Micryletta inornataVU / - / -
德氏瘰螈Paramesotriton deloustaliNT / II / II虎纹蛙Hoplobatrachus chinensisEN / II / -
贵州疣螈Tylototriton kweichowensisVU / II / II版纳大头蛙Limnonectes bannaensisVU / - / -
丽色疣螈Tylototriton pulcherrimusNT / II / II陇川大头蛙Limnonectes longchuanensisVU / - / -
红瘰疣螈Tylototriton shanjingNT / II / II刘氏泰诺蛙Limnonectes liuiVU / - / -
棕黑疣螈Tylototriton verrucosusNT / II / II察隅棘蛙Nanorana chayuensisVU / - / -
滇南疣螈Tylototriton yangiNT / II / II花棘蛙Nanorana maculosaEN / - / -
蔡氏疣螈Tylototriton ziegleri- / II / II四川棘蛙Nanorana sichuanensisVU / - / -
微蹼铃蟾Bombina microdeladigitoraVU / - / -棘肛蛙Nanorana unculuanusEN / - / -
高山掌突蟾Leptobrachella alpinaEN / - / -云南棘蛙Nanorana yunnanensisEN / - / -
蟼掌突蟾Leptobrachella pelodytoidesVU / - / -尖舌浮蛙Occidozyga limaVU / - / -
哀牢髭蟾Leptobrachium ailaonicumNT / II / -棘腹蛙Quasipaa boulengeriVU / - / -
峨眉髭蟾Leptobrachium boringiiEN / II / -多疣棘蛙Quasipaa verrucospinosaVU / - / -
原髭蟾Leptobrachium promustacheEN / II / -片马湍蛙Amolops bellulusVU / - / -
大花角蟾Atympanophrys giganticaVU / - / -棕点湍蛙Amolops loloensisVU / - / -
突肛拟角蟾Ophryophryne kouiVU / - / -米尔水蛙Hylarana milletiVU / - / -
小口拟角蟾Ophryophryne microstomaVU / - / -云南臭蛙Odorrana andersoniiVU / - / -
宾川角蟾Boulenophrys binchuanensisVU / - / -沙巴臭蛙Odorrana chapaensisVU / - / -
大围角蟾Boulenophrys daweimontisVU / - / -景东臭蛙Odorrana jingdongensisVU / - / -
粗皮角蟾Boulenophrys palpebralespinosaVU / - / -滇南臭蛙Odorrana tiannanensisVU / - / -
红股角蟾Boulenophrys rubrimeraEN / - / -勐腊灌树蛙Raorchestes menglaensisVU / - / -
无量山角蟾Boulenophrys wuliangshanensisVU / - / -黑蹼树蛙Rhacophorus kioVU / - / -
凹顶角蟾Xenophrys parvaVU / - / -棕褶树蛙Zhangixalus feaeVU / - / -
棘疣齿蟾Oreolalax granulosusVU / - / -

CR: 极危; EN: 濒危; VU: 易危; NT: 近危

CR, Critically Endangered; EN, Endangered; VU, Vulnerable; NT, Near threatened

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3 讨论与建议

生物类群的准确鉴定和分类是研究生物学问题的基础, 清楚的分类背景和物种名录是开展相关研究工作的必备条件。从本文整理的结果可以看出, 云南省两栖类很多类群, 例如缅甸姬蛙(Microhyla berdmorei)、缅甸树蛙(Zhangixalus burmanus)、棕黑疣螈(Tylototriton verrucosus)等还存在较大的分类争议(Ohler, 2009; Stuart et al, 2010; Hasan et al, 2014; Nishikawa et al, 2014, 附录1)。整合模式标本或地模标本进行分析将是解决这些物种分类争议的关键。尽管学者们重视对模式标本或地模标本的研究, 但现实情况下这些样本和数据却不易获得, 尤其是云南省具有较长的边境线, 有较多类群或物种跨境分布。由于不同物种的模式产地可能分布于不同的国家, 因此需要打破国界限制, 从区域性的角度出发, 结合不同地区的模式标本或地模标本将有助于解决相关分类学问题。

另外, 新技术的开发和应用可以很好地推动有分类争议类群的研究。例如采用hDNA (historical DNA)的方法对模式标本样本的直接测序(Raxworthy & Smith, 2021)可以提供最直接的分类学证据。可通过整合分类学的方法结合不同形式的生物学数据, 如形态、行为、生态、分子等, 从多个维度来重建物种的进化历史, 划分物种的界限(Edwards & Knowles, 2014; Sangster, 2018), 使物种的界定更可靠。

从本文可以看出, 云南省几乎每年都有大量的新种、新纪录种被不断地描述, 主要集中在边境地区(图1)。一方面这些地区是生物多样性的热点区域 (中国西南山地、东喜马拉雅山地和印缅地区), 物种组成复杂多样; 另一方面, 这些区域前期由于交通和技术的限制, 考察的力度较弱且科学研究的深度不足, 而近年来随着考察力度的加大和研究的深入促进了新类群不断被发现。即便如此, 目前仍有相当部分区域还未进行考察或考察较弱, 例如碧罗雪山山脉目前还未有一份综合考察报告, 该区域也没有设立一个保护区。中缅边境交界的沧源县、澜沧县, 中越交界的马关县、麻栗坡县, 中老交界的江城县等地仍考察薄弱, 这些区域还需加大研究的相关投入。

云南省是我国两栖类物种最丰富的省份, 同时也是两栖类物种保护责任最大、面临挑战最大的省份。云南省两栖类23.6%的物种受到威胁, 占全国受胁两栖类的25.6%, 受威胁的程度远高于其他省份(江建平等, 2020)。但是对于这部分物种的基础研究还非常缺乏, 例如滇南疣螈(Tylototriton yangi)、蔡氏疣螈(T. ziegleri)、无棘溪蟾(Bufo aspinius)等国家II级保护的两栖类仍不清楚其种群大小、种群动态和繁殖生活史, 因而在这些物种的保护措施上针对性不足。需要进一步加强对这些濒危物种的基础研究, 明确其受威胁的具体因素。另外, 基于目前地方政府部门的相关保护决策主要依据已有的物种名录, 我们建议应及时、定期地对相关保护名录进行修订, 这将有助于推动地方政府对这些物种的保护和管理。例如, 云南省林业和草原局、云南省科技厅2009年出台了关于野生动植物极小种群物种的名录, 其中仅收录了哀牢髭蟾(Leptobrachium ailaonicum)、原髭蟾(L. promustache, 原记录为密棘髭蟾)、滇池蝾螈、版纳鱼螈(Ichthyophis kohtaoensis)和呈贡蝾螈(Cynops chenggongensis), 而另外一些分布范围极小且受到威胁的种群仍在该地方保护名录之外, 例如德氏瘰螈(Paramesotriton deloustali)、星空湍蛙(Amolops splendissimus)、沙巴臭蛙(Odorrana chapaensis)、盈江棱鼻树蛙(Nasutixalus yingjiangensis)等。因此, 云南省现在使用的物种名录已很难匹配当前保护的需求, 建议根据本研究结果组织专家尽快进行修订。

附录 Supplementary Materia

附录1 本文修订后的云南省两栖类物种名录

Appendix 1 List of amphibian species in Yunnan Province after revised in this study

附录2 云南省两栖类科、属、种级分类变动的详细内容

Appendix 2 The revised amphibian species, genera and families in Yunnan

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is a species complex and reported widely from eastern, southern, and southwestern China. Based on molecular data of 19 populations of from China, including the population from Mt. Wuyi (type locality), we recognize and provide an expanded description based on the topotypic specimens. Combining morphological and molecular data, we describe a new species,, from southwestern China, which was previously identified as. The new species is distinguished from all other species in the group by: (1) moderate body size, SVL 35.3-39.2 mm in males (=7), and 50.5-54.4 mm in females (=7); (2) distinct tympanum, larger than half of eye diameter; (3) small tooth-like projection on anteromedial edge of mandible; (4) circummarginal groove on all fingers; (5) white tubercles on dorsal side of posterior body in both sexes; (6) distinct tubercles on dorsal thigh and white spinose tubercles on dorsal tibia in both sexes; (7) white tubercles on posterior region of tympanum in males; (8) toe webbing reaching disk by dermal fringe on inner side of toe II; (9) vomerine teeth present; (10) transverse bands on dorsal limbs; (11) external vocal sacs present in males. We further reviewed the assignment of groups, with an overall revision of membership and diagnosis of all species groups.

Jiang Y, Wei ZM, Han FY, Ni QY, Yao YF, Xu HL, Li Y, Rao DQ, Zhang MW (2017)

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Red List of China’s Vertebrates

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[ 蒋志刚, 江建平, 王跃招, 张鹗, 张雁云, 李立立, 谢锋, 蔡波, 曹亮, 郑光美, 董路, 张正旺, 丁平, 罗振华, 丁长青, 马志军, 汤宋华, 曹文宣, 李春旺, 胡慧建, 马勇, 吴毅, 王应祥, 周开亚, 刘少英, 陈跃英, 李家堂, 冯祚建, 王燕, 王斌, 李成, 宋雪琳, 蔡蕾, 臧春鑫, 曾岩, 孟智斌, 方红霞, 平晓鸽 (2016)

中国脊椎动物红色名录

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Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 40, 310-311. (in Chinese)

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云南省发现龙里瘰螈

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 110, 3441-3446.

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Review of the genus Brachytarsophrys (Anura: Megophryidae), with revalidation of Brachytarsophrys platyparietus and description of a new species from China

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[ 刘承钊, 胡淑琴 (1961) 中国无尾两栖类. 科学出版社, 北京.]

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First record of Gracixalus quangi Rowley, Dau, Nguyen, Cao et Nguyen (2011) (Anura, Rhacophoridae) from China

Russian Journal of Herpetology, 27, 275-283.

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A new species of Micryletta Dubois, 1987 (Anura, Microhylidae) from Yunnan Province, China

Herpetozoa, 34, 131-140.

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A new species of Nanorana Günther, 1896 (Anura, Dicroglossidae) from Yunnan, China

ZooKeys, 1048, 49-67.

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Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 14, 423-435.

PMID:10712847      [本文引用: 1]

We investigated the relationships of Asian bufonids using partial sequences of mitochondrial DNA genes. Twenty-six samples representing 14 species of Bufo from China and Vietnam and 2 species of Torrentophryne from China were examined. Three samples of Bufo viridis from Armenia and Georgia were also sequenced to make a comparison to its sibling tetraploid species B. danatensis. Bufo americanus, from Canada, was used as the outgroup. Sequences from the 12S ribosomal RNA, 16S ribosomal RNA, cytochrome b, and the control region were analyzed using parsimony. East Asian bufonids were grouped into two major clades. One clade included B. andrewsi, B. bankorensis, B. gargarizans, B. tibetanus, B. tuberculatus, its sister clade B. cryptotympanicus, and the 2 species of Torrentophryne. The second clade consisted of B. galeatus, B. himalayanus, B. melanostictus, and a new species from Vietnam. The placement of three taxa (B. raddei, B. viridis, and its sister species, B. danatensis) was problematic. The genus Torrentophryne should be synonymized with Bufo to remove paraphyly. Because B. raddei does not belong to the clade that includes B. viridis and B. danatensis, it was removed from the viridis species group. The species status of B. bankorensis from Taiwan is evaluated.Copyright 2000 Academic Press.

Liu XL, He YH, Wang Y, Beukema W, Hou SB, Li Y, Che J, Yuan YZ (2021)

A new frog species of the genus Odorrana (Anura: Ranidae) from Yunnan, China

Zootaxa, 4908, 263-275.

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Liu ZY, Zhu TQ, Zeng ZC, Lyu ZT, Wang J, Messenger K, Greenberg AJ, Guo ZX, Yang ZH, Shi SH, Wang YY (2018)

Prevalence of cryptic species in morphologically uniform taxa-Fast speciation and evolutionary radiation in Asian frogs

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 127, 723-731.

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Lyu ZT, Zeng ZC, Wang J, Lin CY, Liu ZY, Wang YY (2017)

Resurrection of genus Nidirana (Anura: Ranidae) and synonymizing N. caldwelli with N. adenopleura, with description of a new species from China

Amphibia-Reptilia, 38, 483-502.

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Lyu ZT, Zeng ZC, Wan H, Yang JH, Li YL, Pang H, Wang YY (2019)

A new species of Amolops (Anura: Ranidae) from China, with taxonomic comments on A. liangshanensis and Chinese populations of A. marmoratus

Zootaxa, 4609, 247-268.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4609.2.3      URL     [本文引用: 1]

Lyu ZT, Chen Y, Yang JH, Zeng ZC, Wang J, Zhao J, Wan H, Pang H, Wang YY (2020)

A new species of Nidirana from the N. pleuraden group (Anura, Ranidae) from western Yunnan, China

Zootaxa, 4861, 43-62.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4861.1.3      URL     [本文引用: 1]

Lyu ZT, Zeng ZC, Wang J, Liu ZY, Huang YQ, Li WZ, Wang YY (2021)

Four new species of Panophrys (Anura, Megophryidae) from eastern China, with discussion on the recognition of Panophrys as a distinct genus

Zootaxa, 4927, 9-40.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4927.1.2      URL     [本文引用: 2]

Mahony S, Foley NM, Biju SD, Teeling EC (2017)

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Zoological Science, 22, 489-495.

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Taxonomic revision of one of the Old World’s smallest frogs, with description of a new Bornean Microhyla (Amphibia, Microhylidae)

Zootaxa, 2814, 33-49.

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Zoologica Scripta, 44, 509-522.

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Ninh HT, Nguyen TT, Orlov NL, Nguyen TQ, Ziegler T (2020)

A new species of the genus Zhangixalus (Amphibia: Rhacophoridae) from Vietnam

European Journal of Taxonomy, 688, 1-8.

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Nishikawa K, Matsui M, Rao DQ (2014)

A new species of Tylototriton (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae) from central Myanmar

Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society, 60, 9-22.

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Nishikawa K, Matsui M, Yoshikawa N, Khonsue W, Pomchote P, Hibino M, Nguyen TT, Sanamxay D (2021)

Ichthyophis bannaicus Yang, 1984, a junior subjective synonym of I. kohtaoensis Taylor, 1960 (Amphibia, Gymnophiona, Ichthyophiidae)

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Alytes, 25, 55-74.

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Ohler A (2009)

Rhacophorus burmanus (Anderson, 1939)-the valid nomen for Rhacophorus taroensis Smith, 1940 and Rhacophorus gongshanensis Yang and Su, 1984

Herpetozoa, 21, 179-182.

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Oliver LA, Prendini E, Kraus F, Raxworthy CJ (2015)

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Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 90, 176-192.

DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.05.001      URL     [本文引用: 1]

Pabijan M, Wandycz A, Hofman S, Węcek K, Piwczyński M, Szymura JM (2013)

Complete mitochondrial genomes resolve phylogenetic relationships within Bombina (Anura: Bombinatoridae)

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A highly resolved and time-calibrated phylogeny based on nucleotide variation in 18 complete mitochondrial genomes is presented for all extant species and major lineages of fire-bellied toads of the genus Bombina (Bombinatoridae). Two sets of divergence time estimates are inferred by applying alternative fossil constraints as minima. Divergence time estimates from both analyses differed for the two oldest nodes. The earliest phylogenetic split occurred between small- and large-bodied Bombina (subgenera Bombina and Grobina, respectively) either in the Middle Oligocene or the Early Miocene. East Asian B. orientalis and European B. bombina+B. variegata diverged in the early or Middle Miocene. Divergence times inferred using the alternative fossil calibration strategies converged for the younger nodes, with broadly overlapping HPD intervals. The split between Bombina bombina and B. variegata occurred in the Late Miocene of Europe and somewhat preceded another deep mtDNA division between the Balkan B. v. scabra and B. v. variegata inhabiting the Carpathian Mts. Concurrently, the genetically distinct B. maxima diverged from other Grobina in southeast Asia in the Late Miocene or Pliocene. Our mtDNA phylogeny and a new species-tree analysis of published data (nuclear and mtDNA) suggest that B. fortinuptialis, B. lichuanensis and B. microdeladigitora may be conspecific geographic forms that separated due to Pleistocene climatic fluctuations in southeastern Asia. In the western Palearctic, the Late Pliocene to Pleistocene climatic vagaries most probably induced vicariant events in the evolutionary history of B. variegata that led to the formation of the two Balkan B. v. scabra lineages and the allopatric B. v. pachypus in the Apennine Peninsula. Divergence among B. bombina mtDNA lineages is low, with an Anatolian Turkey lineage as the sister group to the European mtDNA clades. In sum, Miocene diversification in the genus Bombina established six allopatrically distributed major mtDNA lineages that diversified during the Pliocene and Pleistocene and have survived until the present. The narrow habitat requirements of fire-bellied toads and extensive environmental changes throughout the Palearctic in the Neogene may have contributed to a putatively high extinction rate in these anurans resulting in the current east/west disjunction of their ranges.Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Payne JL, Bush AM, Heim NA, Knope ML, McCauley DJ (2016)

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Science, 353, 1284-1286.

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Despite considerable progress in unravelling the phylogenetic relationships of microhylid frogs, relationships among subfamilies remain largely unstable and many genera are not demonstrably monophyletic. Here, we used five alternative combinations of DNA sequence data (ranging from seven loci for 48 taxa to up to 73 loci for as many as 142 taxa) generated using the anchored phylogenomics sequencing method (66 loci, derived from conserved genome regions, for 48 taxa) and Sanger sequencing (seven loci for up to 142 taxa) to tackle this problem. We assess the effects of character sampling, taxon sampling, analytical methods and assumptions in phylogenetic inference of microhylid frogs. The phylogeny of microhylids shows high susceptibility to different analytical methods and datasets used for the analyses. Clades inferred from maximum-likelihood are generally more stable across datasets than those inferred from parsimony. Parsimony trees inferred within a tree-alignment framework are generally better resolved and better supported than those inferred within a similarity-alignment framework, even under the same cost matrix (equally weighted) and same treatment of gaps (as a fifth nucleotide state). We discuss potential causes for these differences in resolution and clade stability among discovery operations. We also highlight the problem that commonly used algorithms for model-based analyses do not explicitly model insertion and deletion events (i.e. gaps are treated as missing data). Our results corroborate the monophyly of Microhylidae and most currently recognized subfamilies but fail to provide support for relationships among subfamilies. Several taxonomic updates are provided, including naming of two new subfamilies, both monotypic.© The Willi Hennig Society 2015.

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Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 36, 1049-1060.

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Megophrys periosa (Mahony, Kamei, Teeling, and Biju 2018) was first recorded in Yunnan Province, China with description of its tadpole

Chinese Journal of Zoology, 55, 730-740. (in Chinese with English abstract)

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A taxonomic consensus for the diverse and pan-global frog family Ranidae is lacking. A recently proposed classification of living amphibians [Frost, D.R., Grant, T., Faivovich, J., Bain, R. H., Haas, A., Haddad, C.F.B., de Sá, R.O., Channing, A., Wilkinson, M., Donnellan, S.C., Raxworthy, C.J., Campbell, J.A., Blotto, B.L., Moler, P., Drewes, R.C., Nussbaum, R.A., Lynch, J.D., Green, D.M., Wheeler, W.C., 2006. The amphibian tree of life. B. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 297, 1-370] included expansion of the Southeast Asian ranid frog genus Huia from seven to 47 species, but without having studied the type species of Huia. This study tested the monophyly of this concept of Huia by sampling the type species and putative members of Huia. Molecular phylogenetic analyses consistently recovered the type species H. cavitympanum as the sister taxon to other Bornean-endemic species in the genus Meristogenys, rendering all previously published concepts of Huia as polyphyletic. Members of Huia sensu [Frost, D.R., Grant, T., Faivovich, J., Bain, R. H., Haas, A., Haddad, C.F.B., de Sá, R.O., Channing, A., Wilkinson, M., Donnellan, S.C., Raxworthy, C.J., Campbell, J.A., Blotto, B.L., Moler, P., Drewes, R.C., Nussbaum, R.A., Lynch, J.D., Green, D.M., Wheeler, W.C., 2006. The amphibian tree of life. B. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 297, 1-370.] appear in four places within the family Ranidae. A clade containing the type species of Odorrana is phylogenetically unrelated to the type species of Huia, and Odorrana is removed from synonymy with Huia. These findings underscore the need to include relevant type species in phylogenetic studies before proposing sweeping taxonomic changes. The molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed a high degree of homoplasy in larval and adult morphology of Asian ranid frogs. Detailed studies are needed to identify morphological synapomorphies that unite members in these major clades of ranid frogs.

Stuart BL, Phimmachak S, Sivongxay N, Robichaud WG (2010)

A new species in the Tylototriton asperrimus group (Caudata: Salamandridae) from central Laos

Zootaxa, 2650, 19-32.

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Taxonomic revision of the Chinese Limnonectes (Anura, Dicroglossidae) with the description of a new species from China and Myanmar

Zootaxa, 4093, 181-200.

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The Vietnamese population of Megophrys kuatunensis (Amphibia: Megophryidae) represents a new species of Asian horned frog from Vietnam and southern China

Zootaxa, 4344, 465-492.

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Toad radiation reveals into-India dispersal as a source of endemism in the Western Ghats-Sri Lanka biodiversity hotspot

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The family Microhylidae has a large circumtropic distribution and contains about 400 species in a highly subdivided taxonomy. Relationships among its constituent taxa remained controversial due to homoplasy in morphological characters, resulting in conflicting phylogenetic hypotheses. A phylogeny based on four nuclear genes (rag-1, rag-2, tyrosinase, BDNF) and one mitochondrial gene (CO1) of representatives of all currently recognized subfamilies uncovers a basal polytomy between several subfamilial clades. A sister group relationship between the cophylines and scaphiophrynines is resolved with moderate support, which unites these endemic Malagasy taxa for the first time. The American members of the subfamily Microhylinae are resolved to form a clade entirely separate from the Asian members of that subfamily. Otophryne is excluded from the subfamily Microhylinae, and resolved as a basal taxon. The placement of the Asian dyscophine Calluella nested within the Asian Microhyline clade rather than with the genus Dyscophus is corroborated by our data. Bayesian estimates of the divergence time of extant Microhylidae (47-90 Mya) and among the subclades within the family are discussed in frameworks of alternative possible biogeographic scenarios.

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We updated the checklists of extant, native amphibians and reptiles of China based on the previously published checklist of reptiles in 2015, the online checklist of amphibians on the database AmphibiaChina, newly published data as of December 2019, and previously uncollected literature prior to 2015. In total, the amphibian fauna of China consists of 515 species in 62 genera, 13 families, and three orders (Anura: 431 species in 47 genera and nine families; Caudata: 82 species in 14 genera and four families; Gymnophiona: one species in one genus and one family), while the reptilian fauna of China consists of 511 species in 135 genera, 35 families, and three orders (Crocodylia: one species in one genus and one family; Testudines: 34 species in 18 genera and six families; Squamata 466 species in 116 genera and 28 families [Serpentes: 256 species in 73 genera, 18 families; Lacertilia: 211 species in 43 genera and 10 families]). Specifically, for amphibians between 2015 and 2019, one family was recorded from China for the first time, two new genera were described, a genus was resurrected, a genus was recorded from China for the first time, 74 new, valid species were either described or resurrected, 18 recognized species were recorded from China for the first time, and six genera and eight species were considered as junior synonyms. For reptiles between 2015 and 2019, five subfamilies were elevated to the full family status, one new subfamily and a new genus were described, three genera were resurrected, three recognized genera were recorded from China for the first time, 35 new species were described, two species were resurrected from synonyms, six subspecies were elevated to the full species status, 10 recognized species were recorded from China for the first time, four genera and four species were considered as junior synonyms, and distribution records of one genus and four recognized species were removed from China. Furthermore, by reviewing literature before 2015, we make additional changes on the previous reptile checklist, including adding new records of three genera, elevating three subspecies to full species status, adding new records of three recognized species, synonymizing three genera and two species as junior synonyms, and removing the distribution record of a single recognized species from China. Lastly, we revise the Chinese common names of some reptilian groups with recomandations to maintain the stability of the Chinese common names. The number of new species and new national records for amphibians and reptiles between 2015 and 2019 in China accounts for 17.1% and 10.2% of the total number of species in each group, respectively. Because new species are described at considerable speed and given the constant changes in the taxonomy of China’s herpetofuna, it is crucial to update the checklists regularly and discuss the existing taxonomic problems, so that such information reflects the most current state of knowledge and are available for taxonomic researchers and conservation biologists alike.

[ 王剀, 任金龙, 陈宏满, 吕植桐, 郭宪光, 蒋珂, 陈进民, 李家堂, 郭鹏, 王英永, 车静 (2020)

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DOI:10.17520/biods.2019238      [本文引用: 1]

本文在2015年发表的爬行动物名录及同年《中国两栖类信息系统》发布的两栖动物名录的基础上, 通过整理新发表的分类学研究及先前名录遗漏的部分早期文献, 更新了截至2019年底中国现生本土两栖、爬行动物物种名录。2015-2019年间, 中国两栖动物新记录1科, 新描述2属, 恢复1属有效性, 新记录1属, 新描述或恢复有效种74种, 新增国家纪录18种; 另6属、8种的有效性未得到近年研究证据支持(在此视为次定同物异名而未做收录, 后同)。同期, 中国爬行动物新恢复5科, 新描述1亚科, 新描述1属, 恢复3属有效性, 新记录3属, 新描述、恢复或提升有效种43个, 新增国家纪录10种; 另有5属、4种的有效性未得到近年研究证据支持, 并移除1属、4种在我国的分布纪录。此外, 通过整理2015年前文献, 爬行动物增补3属, 提升3亚种至种级地位, 增补国家新纪录3种, 另有3属、2种的有效性未得到近年研究证据支持, 同时移除1种在我国的分布纪录。综上, 截至2019年底, 我国共记录现生本土两栖动物3目13科62属515种(蚓螈目1科1属1种, 有尾目3科14属82种, 无尾目9科47属431种), 爬行动物3目35科135属511种(鳄形目1科1属1种, 龟鳖目6科18属34种, 有鳞目蛇亚目18科73属265种、蜥蜴亚目10科43属211种)。此外, 本文还对先前名录中部分爬行动物的中文名提出了修改建议, 建议恢复部分物种的惯用中文名。2015-2019年, 新物种及新纪录已知物种数量占现两栖、爬行动物物种总数的17.1%和10.2%。近年来, 我国发表的两栖、爬行动物新物种和已知物种的新纪录数量持续增加, 分类体系也在研究中不断完善, 建议今后及时地进行阶段性总结, 同时对存在的问题提出讨论, 以推动中国两栖、爬行动物分类学研究工作的进一步开展。

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