生物多样性, 2020, 28(2): 189-218 doi: 10.17520/biods.2019238

生物编目

中国两栖、爬行动物更新名录

王剀,1,2,*, 任金龙3, 陈宏满1, 吕植桐4, 郭宪光3, 蒋珂3, 陈进民1, 李家堂3, 郭鹏5, 王英永4, 车静,1,*

1 中国科学院昆明动物研究所遗传资源与进化国家重点实验室, 昆明 650223

2 Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History & Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman 73072, USA

3 中国科学院成都生物研究所, 成都 610041

4 中山大学生命科学学院, 广州 510275

5 宜宾学院生命科学与食品工程学院, 四川宜宾 644000

The updated checklists of amphibians and reptiles of China

Wang Kai,1,2,*, Ren Jinlong3, Chen Hongman1, Lyu Zhitong4, Guo Xianguang3, Jiang Ke3, Chen Jinmin1, Li Jiatang3, Guo Peng5, Wang Yingyong4, Che Jing,1,*

1 State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China

2 Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History & Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman 73072, USA

3 Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China

4 School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China

5 Department of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, China

通讯作者: * E-mail: chej@mail.kiz.ac.cn * E-mail: kai.wang-2@ou.edu

编委: 江建平

责任编辑: 周玉荣

收稿日期: 2019-07-28   接受日期: 2019-12-11   网络出版日期: 2020-02-20

基金资助: 中国科学院战略性先导科技专项A(XDA19050303)
中国生物多样性监测与研究网络项目(Sino BON)
中国西南野生生物种质资源库——动物分库(国家重大科技基础设施专项)
中美人才合作交流计划(EAPSI 1714006)

Corresponding authors: * E-mail: chej@mail.kiz.ac.cn * E-mail: kai.wang-2@ou.edu

Received: 2019-07-28   Accepted: 2019-12-11   Online: 2020-02-20

摘要

本文在2015年发表的爬行动物名录及同年《中国两栖类信息系统》发布的两栖动物名录的基础上, 通过整理新发表的分类学研究及先前名录遗漏的部分早期文献, 更新了截至2019年底中国现生本土两栖、爬行动物物种名录。2015-2019年间, 中国两栖动物新记录1科, 新描述2属, 恢复1属有效性, 新记录1属, 新描述或恢复有效种74种, 新增国家纪录18种; 另6属、8种的有效性未得到近年研究证据支持(在此视为次定同物异名而未做收录, 后同)。同期, 中国爬行动物新恢复5科, 新描述1亚科, 新描述1属, 恢复3属有效性, 新记录3属, 新描述、恢复或提升有效种43个, 新增国家纪录10种; 另有5属、4种的有效性未得到近年研究证据支持, 并移除1属、4种在我国的分布纪录。此外, 通过整理2015年前文献, 爬行动物增补3属, 提升3亚种至种级地位, 增补国家新纪录3种, 另有3属、2种的有效性未得到近年研究证据支持, 同时移除1种在我国的分布纪录。综上, 截至2019年底, 我国共记录现生本土两栖动物3目13科62属515种(蚓螈目1科1属1种, 有尾目3科14属82种, 无尾目9科47属431种), 爬行动物3目35科135属511种(鳄形目1科1属1种, 龟鳖目6科18属34种, 有鳞目蛇亚目18科73属265种、蜥蜴亚目10科43属211种)。此外, 本文还对先前名录中部分爬行动物的中文名提出了修改建议, 建议恢复部分物种的惯用中文名。2015-2019年, 新物种及新纪录已知物种数量占现两栖、爬行动物物种总数的17.1%和10.2%。近年来, 我国发表的两栖、爬行动物新物种和已知物种的新纪录数量持续增加, 分类体系也在研究中不断完善, 建议今后及时地进行阶段性总结, 同时对存在的问题提出讨论, 以推动中国两栖、爬行动物分类学研究工作的进一步开展。

关键词: 两栖动物 ; 爬行动物 ; 生物多样性 ; 新物种 ; 名录 ; 分类学 ; 分类变动

Abstract

We updated the checklists of extant, native amphibians and reptiles of China based on the previously published checklist of reptiles in 2015, the online checklist of amphibians on the database AmphibiaChina, newly published data as of December 2019, and previously uncollected literature prior to 2015. In total, the amphibian fauna of China consists of 515 species in 62 genera, 13 families, and three orders (Anura: 431 species in 47 genera and nine families; Caudata: 82 species in 14 genera and four families; Gymnophiona: one species in one genus and one family), while the reptilian fauna of China consists of 511 species in 135 genera, 35 families, and three orders (Crocodylia: one species in one genus and one family; Testudines: 34 species in 18 genera and six families; Squamata 466 species in 116 genera and 28 families [Serpentes: 256 species in 73 genera, 18 families; Lacertilia: 211 species in 43 genera and 10 families]). Specifically, for amphibians between 2015 and 2019, one family was recorded from China for the first time, two new genera were described, a genus was resurrected, a genus was recorded from China for the first time, 74 new, valid species were either described or resurrected, 18 recognized species were recorded from China for the first time, and six genera and eight species were considered as junior synonyms. For reptiles between 2015 and 2019, five subfamilies were elevated to the full family status, one new subfamily and a new genus were described, three genera were resurrected, three recognized genera were recorded from China for the first time, 35 new species were described, two species were resurrected from synonyms, six subspecies were elevated to the full species status, 10 recognized species were recorded from China for the first time, four genera and four species were considered as junior synonyms, and distribution records of one genus and four recognized species were removed from China. Furthermore, by reviewing literature before 2015, we make additional changes on the previous reptile checklist, including adding new records of three genera, elevating three subspecies to full species status, adding new records of three recognized species, synonymizing three genera and two species as junior synonyms, and removing the distribution record of a single recognized species from China. Lastly, we revise the Chinese common names of some reptilian groups with recomandations to maintain the stability of the Chinese common names. The number of new species and new national records for amphibians and reptiles between 2015 and 2019 in China accounts for 17.1% and 10.2% of the total number of species in each group, respectively. Because new species are described at considerable speed and given the constant changes in the taxonomy of China’s herpetofuna, it is crucial to update the checklists regularly and discuss the existing taxonomic problems, so that such information reflects the most current state of knowledge and are available for taxonomic researchers and conservation biologists alike.

Keywords: amphibians ; biodiversity ; fauna checklist ; reptiles ; new species ; taxonomy ; taxonomic revisions

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引用本文

王剀, 任金龙, 陈宏满, 吕植桐, 郭宪光, 蒋珂, 陈进民, 李家堂, 郭鹏, 王英永, 车静. 中国两栖、爬行动物更新名录. 生物多样性, 2020, 28(2): 189-218 doi:10.17520/biods.2019238

Wang Kai, Ren Jinlong, Chen Hongman, Lyu Zhitong, Guo Xianguang, Jiang Ke, Chen Jinmin, Li Jiatang, Guo Peng, Wang Yingyong, Che Jing. The updated checklists of amphibians and reptiles of China. Biodiversity Science, 2020, 28(2): 189-218 doi:10.17520/biods.2019238

物种名录是进行生物多样性研究、保护、利用以及管理的重要基础资料。近年来研究技术手段不断提高, 特别是随着整合分类学的发展, 以形态学为主导构建的传统生物分类体系得以不断修订和完善; 同时, 新物种被不断发现并描述, 而已知物种的分布和生态数据也得以不断更新。因此, 依据最新分类学文献, 整理并及时更新我国生物多样性编目, 就显得尤为重要。

长期以来, 两栖、爬行动物分类研究一直是我国分类学研究工作的重要组成部分。基于前期研究, 我国学者出版了国家层面的两栖、爬行动物学系统性专著(如张孟闻等, 1998; 赵尔宓等, 1998, 1999; 赵尔宓, 2006; 费梁等, 2006, 2012)和一系列省、市及区域性的著作。这些著作为我国两栖、爬行动物多样性编目奠定了重要基础。基于研究发展的需要, 费梁等(1990)对中国两栖动物名录进行了修订, 随后赵尔宓等(2000)对中国两栖、爬行动物名录进行了更新。近期, 蔡波等(2015)再次更新了我国爬行动物名录, 而该研究结果被中国生物物种名录数据库所采纳并沿用(Ji et al, 2019)。自2015年以来, 中国科学院昆明动物研究所以在线数据库的方式对中国两栖动物信息进行实时更新(https://www.amphibiachina.org), 并在线发布年度性分类研究总结报告(王剀和蒋珂, 2016; 王剀和陈宏满, 2017; 王剀等, 2018c, 2019b)。

考虑到近期分类研究进展迅速, 在上述工作的基础上, 本文梳理并更新了截至2019年底我国现生本土两栖、爬行动物分类变更情况, 更新了两大类群的物种名录。希望通过讨论现存分类学问题来推动我国两栖、爬行动物分类研究工作的进一步开展, 并帮助生物多样性保护、管理部门及时掌握相关类群的物种名录及分类变更情况。

1 方法

蔡波等(2015)和中国两栖类信息系统2015年名录(http://www.amphibiachina.org/site/amplist/2015.xlsx)为基础, 结合最近5年的年度性分类研究汇总报告(王剀和蒋珂, 2016; 王剀和陈宏满, 2017; 王剀等, 2018, 2019a)和截至2019年底的分类学研究结果, 整理形成中国现生本土两栖、爬行动物物种名录。对于两栖动物, “中国两栖类信息系统”已经对主要分类体系(Frost, 2015; AmphibiaWeb, 2015)的异同进行了比较, 本文不再赘述。

对于西藏南部边境地区的物种, 由于缺乏系统调查研究, 物种分类及分布存在不确定性, 因此对除2015-2019年间描述、且模式产地在我国领土范围内的新物种进行收录外, 对以往中文文献中未记录的其他已知物种, 本文暂未进行增补收录。

物种学名依据国际动物物种命名法规相关规定(条款11.7, 11.8, 31.2, 50.3.2; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999)和已发表的相关文献研究综合修订。新分类阶元的中文名以原文献提供信息为主; 若原文献未给出中文名, 则综合考虑学名拉丁文词源本意及分类系统稳定性进行拟定。对于近期发生分类变动的物种中文名, 则结合以往中文文献内名称的使用习惯(赵尔宓等, 1993, 1999; 张孟闻等, 1998; 赵尔宓, 2004, 2006; 费梁等, 2006, 2012)、近期分类文献建议及拉丁文词源本意(Jaeger, 1965)提出修改建议。

2 结果

2.1 两栖动物分类变更

2.1.1 2015-2019年分类变更

2015-2019年间, 我国两栖动物高级分类阶元新记录1科, 即亚洲角蛙科(Ceratobatrachidae) (Yan F et al, 2016)。Yan F等(2016)依据多基因片段开展的分子系统学研究结果显示舌突蛙属(Liurana)嵌于亚洲角蛙科内部, 因此将舌突蛙属由浮蛙科 (Occidozygidae)转移至亚洲角蛙科, 而亚洲角蛙科也代表了该科在我国的首次记录。该科在我国目前仅知1属, 即舌突蛙属, 分布于我国西藏南部。

新描述2属, 即棱鼻树蛙属(Nasutixalus) (Jiang et al, 2016c)和张树蛙属(Zhangixalus) (Jiang DC et al, 2019)。Jiang等(2016c)依据线粒体片段的分子系统学结果, 同时结合形态学差异, 命名1新属, 即棱鼻树蛙属。该属目前已知三种, 其中两种分布于我国 (西藏南部和云南西南部) (Yang & Chan, 2018)。Jiang DC等(2019)在线粒体分子系统学研究基础上, 结合形态学和生物地理分布情况, 将原树蛙属 (Rhacophorus)拆分为3属, 即狭义树蛙属(Rhacophorus sensu stricto) (主要分布于南亚、东南亚及我国西南地区)、恢复有效性的瘦树蛙属(Leptomantis) (仅分布于东南亚)以及新命名的张树蛙属(主要分布于包括我国在内的东亚及中南半岛北部)。分类厘定后, 我国原广义树蛙属(Rhacophorus sensu lato)物种中仅7种仍保留于狭义树蛙属, 其余28种均改至张树蛙属, 所涉及物种中文名保持不变(表1)。

表1   两栖、 爬行动物属级分类变动1:原属依旧有效,而原属内仅部分物种的属级分类需要厘定。原属、种中文名指蔡波等(2015)、《中国两栖类信息系统》或相关文献曾使用的中文名。“-”表示该项未有变动,与先前一致。 其中突肛树蛙(Zhangixalus pachyproctus)及山地龙蜥(Diploderma swild)在原始描述时已经考虑了本文接受的属级分类变动(Yu et al, 2019b; Wang K et al, 2019f,故在此未列出。

Table 1  Generic-level taxonomic changes for amphibians and reptiles of China between 2015 and 2019, part 1: the either previous genus still remains valid, and only some species of that genus experience taxonomic changes at the generic level. The former Chinese common names refer to the ones used in AmphibiaChina (2015), in the previous reptilian checklistby Cai et al (2015), or in other related literature. “-” indicates no change occurs. For species of the referred genera, as the original descriptions of Zhangixalus pachyproctus and Diploderma swild already adopted the taxonomic changes we discuss here (Yu et al, 2019b; Wang K et al, 2019f), hence they were not included in the table.

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恢复1属有效性, 即琴蛙属(Nidirana) (Lyu et al, 2017)。结合线粒体基因片段的分子系统学、形态数据及求偶鸣叫特征, Lyu等(2017)揭示原广义拇棘蛙属(Babina sensu lato)分为两大支系, 其形态与鸣声均存在明显差异, 故恢复拇棘蛙属原次定同物异名琴蛙属的有效性, 而我国原拇棘蛙属物种遂改隶琴蛙属。综合考虑费梁等(2012)提出的形态学结论与Lyu等(2017)一致, 本文采纳该分类观点。属级变动所涉及的物种中文名保持不变(表1)。

新记录1属, 即南亚陆蛙属(Minervarya)(Sanchez et al, 2018)。依据多基因片段为基础的分子系统学研究, Sanchez等(2018)建议对广义陆蛙属(Fejervarya sensu lato)进行拆分, 限定狭义陆蛙属(Fejervarya sensu stricto)为其模式种F. limnocharis所代表支系, 同时恢复Minervarya (中文名拟定为“南亚陆蛙属”)的有效性。依据该研究, 清迈陆蛙(Fejervarya chiangmaiensis)改隶至南亚陆蛙属。因此清迈陆蛙在我国的新纪录(Hui et al, 2019)也代表了南亚陆蛙属在我国的属级新纪录(表3)。

表3   2015-2019年两栖、爬行动物已知属在我国的新纪录

Table 3  New country records of recognized genera of amphibians and reptiles of China between 2015 and 2019

新纪录属中文名
Chinese common name
新纪录属学名
Scientific name
该属在我国新纪录代表物种
Representative species in China
文献
Reference
两栖动物 Amphibians
南亚陆蛙属Minervarya清迈陆蛙 Minervarya chiangmaiensisHui et al, 2019
爬行动物 Reptiles
伞虎属Ptychozoon版纳伞虎 Ptychozoon bannaense Wang YY et al, 2016
扁头蛇属Platyceps红脊扁头蛇 Platyceps rhodorachis郭克疾等, 2018
坡普蝮属Popeia 坡普竹叶青蛇 Popeia popeorumGuo P et al, 2015

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废除原掌突蟾属(Leptolalax)有效性, 将其视为Leptobrachella的次定同物异名。依据多基因片段的分子系统学研究, Chen JM等(2018)构建了掌突蟾属及其近缘属的系统发育关系, 结果显示掌突蟾属与Leptobrachella互不成单系; 他们结合生物地理分布, 对广义掌突蟾属进行了分类厘定。我国原Leptolalax属的所有物种遂划分至命名较早的Leptobrachella属, 而该属级变动所涉及的属、种中文名均保持不变(表2)。

表2   两栖、爬行动物属级分类变动2: 原属已无效,整属均被厘定,或原属内物种发生多项变动,而我国物种仅涉及其中部分变动。原属、种中文名指蔡波等(2015)、《中国两栖类信息系统》或相关文献曾使用的中文名。“-”表示该项未有变动。其中,五皇山掌突蟾(Leptobrachella wuhuangmontis)和云开掌突蟾(L. yunkaiensis)在原始描述时已经考虑了本文接受的属级分类变动(Wang J etal, 2018a),故在此未列出。

Table 2  Generic-level taxonomic changes for amphibians and reptiles of China between 2015 and 2019, part 2: the previous genus became junior synonym, and changes for species from China represent all changes at the generic level for the genus; or the members of the previous genus became multiple genera, and the species from China only represent some of the revised genera. The former Chinese common names refer to the ones used in AmphibiaChina (2015), in the previous reptilian checklist by Cai et al (2015), and in other relatedliterature.“-” indicates no change occurs. For species of the referred genera, as Leptobrachella wuhuangmontis and L. yunkaiensis already adopted the taxonomic changes we discusshere (Wang J et al, 2018a), hence they were not included in the table.

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暂将无耳蟾属(Atympanophrys)、短腿蟾属(Brachytarsophrys)、拟角蟾属(Ophryophryne)、泛角蟾属(Panophrys)及异角蟾属(Xenophrys)视为角蟾属(Megophrys)的次定同物异名(表2)。基于多基因片段的分子系统学研究, Chen JM等(2017)研究表明广义角蟾属(Megophrys sensu lato)并非单系, 拟角蟾属、短腿蟾属和婆罗蟾属(Borneophrys)均嵌入到角蟾属的内部; 因此, 上述作者提出两种分类建议: 即将广义角蟾属进行多属拆分, 或整体合并为单属。在多属拆分原则下, Chen JM等(2017)建议承认短腿蟾属和拟角蟾属的有效性, 同时将原广义的角蟾属划分为3个独立属, 即恢复分布于中国南方和中南半岛的无耳蟾属和异角蟾属, 将狭义角蟾属(Megophrys sensu stricto)限定于巽他古陆(Sundaland), 而婆罗蟾属则是狭义角蟾属的次定同物异名。随后, Mahony等(2017)依据不同的基因片段数据, 也构建了广义角蟾属的系统发育关系, 其结果同样支持广义角蟾属并非单系; 结合形态数据, Mahony等(2017)认为广义角蟾属中多个演化支系间没有足以支持属级分类的形态区别, 属于近期分化的类群, 因此建议单属的划分观点, 即将拟角蟾属、无耳蟾属、短腿蟾属、泛角蟾属和异角蟾属均降为亚属、并视为角蟾属的次定同物异名。考虑到目前在形态上较难对部分支系作出稳定区分, 综合单系性和分类可操作性原则, 本文暂采纳单属划分观点, 将分布于我国的短腿蟾属、无耳蟾属、拟角蟾属、异角蟾属及泛角蟾属降为亚属并视为角蟾属的次定同物异名, 但所有涉及的物种中文名均保持不变(见下文)。而由于属级分类变动, 原突肛拟角蟾(Ophryophryne pachyproctus)和凸肛角蟾(Megophrys pachyproctus)成为异物同名; 因此Mahony等(2017)遵从国际动物物种命名法第52.3, 57.3及60.3条关于优先权的规定, 将命名时间较晚的突肛拟角蟾的学名变更为M. koui, 物种命名人信息也因此作出相应调整, 本文采纳其观点。

暂不接受近期关于水蛙属(Hylarana)的高阶元分类变动。Oliver等(2015)依据多基因片段的分子系统学研究构建了广义水蛙属的系统发育关系, 建议将其拆分为9个独立属。考虑到部分属的单系性并未得到较好解决, 为避免频繁不必要的变更, 本文在此暂保留原广义水蛙属单属的分类划分。

在种级分类阶元上, 共新发现描述或恢复两栖动物74种, 并新增18个已知种在我国的分布纪录(表4, 5)。新物种中, 有9种在本文中所采纳的属级分类地位与其原始描述不同(表1, 4); 其中, 除由于上述接受的属级分类变动而产生的变动外, 另将Odorrana arunachalensis移至倭蛙属(Nanorana) (Qi et al, 2019a), 即Nanorana arunachalensis, 中文名拟定为“藏南棘蛙”。

表4   2015-2019年间描述或恢复有效性的中国两栖动物新物种。“Comb. nov.” 表示本文首次将该物种划归至现所在属; 命名人引用格式中的括号代表该物种在本文中采纳的属级分类与其原始描述不同。

Table 4  Newly described or resurrected species of amphibians from China between 2015 and 2019

年份
Year
中文名
Chinese common name
学名
Scientific name
命名人
Taxonomic authority
参考文献
Reference
2015费氏刘树蛙Liuixalus feiiYang, Rao, and Wang, 2015Yang et al, 2015
十万大山刘树蛙Liuixalus shiwandashanLi, Mo, Jiang, Xie, and Jiang, 2015Qin et al, 2015
封开臭蛙Odorrana fengkaiensisWang, Lau, Yang, Chen, Liu, Pang, and Liu, 2015Wang YY et al, 2015
荔浦臭蛙Odorrana lipuensisMo, Chen, Wu, Zhang, and Zhou, 2015Mo et al, 2015
2016白刺湍蛙Amolops albispinusSung, Wang, and Wang, 2016Sung et al, 2016
林芝湍蛙Amolops nyingchiensisJiang, Wang, Xie, Jiang, and Che, 2016Jiang et al, 2016a
碧眼原指树蛙Kurixalus beryllinirisWu, Huang, Tsai, Li, Jhang, and Wu, 2016Wu et al, 2016
王氏原指树蛙Kurixalus wangiWu, Huang, Tsai, Li, Jhang, and Wu, 2016Wu et al, 2016
腾冲掌突蟾Leptobrachella tengchongensis(Yang, Wang, Chen, and Rao, 2016)Yang et al, 2016b
腾冲拟髭蟾Leptobrachium tengchongenseYang, Wang, and Chan, 2016Yang et al, 2016a
陇川大头蛙Limnonectes longchuanensisSuwannapoom, Yuan, Chen, Sullivan, and McLeod, 2016Suwannapoom et al, 2016
墨脱棱鼻树蛙Nasutixalus medogensisJiang, Wang, Yan, and Che, 2016Jiang et al, 2016c
吴氏肥螈Pachytriton wuguanfuiYuan, Zhang, and Che, 2016Yuan et al, 2016c
橙脊瘰螈Paramesotriton aurantiusYuan, Wu, Zhou, and Che, 2016Yuan et al, 2016b
平龙树蛙Zhangixalus pinglongensis(Mo, Chen, Liao, and Zhou, 2016)Mo et al, 2016
刺疣齿突蟾Scutiger spinosusJiang, Wang, Li, and Che, 2016Jiang et al, 2016c
2017新都桥湍蛙Amolops xinduqiaoFei, Ye, Wang, and Jiang, 2017Fei et al, 2017
太田溪树蛙Buergeria otaiWang, Hsiao, Lee, Tseng, Lin, Komaki, and Lin, 2017Wang Y et al, 2017
井冈纤树蛙Gracixalus jinggangensisZeng, Zhao, Chen, Chen, Zhang, and Wang, 2017Zeng et al, 2017
冷泉原指树蛙Kurixalus lenquanensisYu, Wang, Hou, Rao, and Yang, 2017Yu et al, 2017
猫儿山掌突蟾Leptobrachella maoershanensis(Yuan, Sun, Chen, Rowley, and Che, 2017)Yuan et al, 2017
南澳岛角蟾Megophrys insularis(Wang, Liu, Lyu, Zeng, and Wang, 2017)Wang J et al, 2017
荔波角蟾Megophrys liboensis(Zhang, Li, Xiao, Li, Pan, Wang, Zhang, and Zhou, 2017)Zhang et al, 2017
丽水角蟾Megophrys lishuiensis(Wang, Liu, and Jiang, 2017)王聿帆等, 2017
红股角蟾Megophrys rubrimeraTapley, Cutajar, Mahony, Chung, Dau, Nguyen, Luong, and Rowley, 2017Tapley et al, 2017
藏南棘蛙Nanorana arunachalensis(Saikia, Sinha, and Kharkongor, 2017)Saikia et al, 2017; Qi et al, 2019a
南昆山琴蛙Nidirana nankunensisLyu, Zeng, Wang, Lin, Liu, and Wang, 2017Lyu et al, 2017
大别山林蛙Rana dabieshanensisWang, Qian, Zhang, Guo, Pan, Wu, Wang, and Zhang, 2017Wang CC et al, 2017
栾川林蛙Rana luanchuanensisZhao and Yuan, 2017Zhao et al, 2017
丽水树蛙Zhangixalus lishuiensis(Liu, Wang and Jiang, 2017)Liu et al, 2017
安徽树蛙Zhangixalus zhoukaiyae(Pan, Zhang, and Zhang, 2017)Pan et al, 2017
安徽疣螈Tylototriton anhuiensisQian, Sun, Li, Guo, Pan, Kang, Wang, Jiang, Wu, and Zhang, 2017Qian et al, 2017
2018文山湍蛙Amolops wenshanensisYuan, Jin, Li, Stuart, and Wu, 2018Yuan et al, 2018
云开湍蛙Amolops yunkaiensisLyu, Wang, Liu, Zeng, and Wang, 2018Lyu et al, 2018
广东纤树蛙Gracixalus guangdongensisWang, Zeng, Lyu, Liu, and Wang, 2018Wang J et al, 2018b
田林纤树蛙Gracixalus tianlinensisChen, Bei, Liao, Zhou, and Mo, 2018Chen WC et al, 2018
杨氏原指树蛙Kurixalus yangiYu, Hui, Rao, and Yang, 2018Yu et al, 2018
莽山掌突蟾Leptobrachella mangshanensis comb. nov.(Hou, Zhang, Hu, Li, Shi, Chen, Mo, and Wang, 2018)Hou et al, 2018
紫棕掌突蟾Leptobrachella purpura comb. nov.(Yang, Zeng, and Wang, 2018)Yang et al, 2018b
五皇山掌突蟾Leptobrachella wuhuangmontisWang, Yang, and Wang, 2018Wang J et al, 2018a
盈江掌突蟾Leptobrachella yingjiangensis comb. nov.(Yang, Zeng, and Wang, 2018)Yang et al, 2018b
云开掌突蟾Leptobrachella yunkaiensisWang, Li, Lyu, and Wang, 2018Wang J et al, 2018a
费氏角蟾Megophrys feiiYang, Wang, and Wang, 2018Yang et al, 2018a
雷山角蟾Megophrys leishanensisLi, Xu, Liu, Jiang, Wei, and Wang, 2018Li SZ et al, 2018b
北仑姬蛙Microhyla beilunensisZhang, Fei, Ye, Wang, Wang, and Jiang, 2018Zhang et al, 2018
盈江棱鼻树蛙Nasutixalus yingjiangensisYang and Chan, 2018Yang & Chan, 2018
贵州臭蛙Odorrana kweichowensisLi, Xu, Lv, Jiang, Wei, and Wang, 2018Li SZ et al, 2018a
南方肥螈Pachytriton airobranchiatusLi, Yuan, and Wu, 2018Li C et al, 2018
2019孟定湍蛙Amolops mengdingensisYu, Wu, and Yang, 2019Yu et al, 2019d
陈塘湍蛙Amolops pallasitatusQi, Zhou, Lyu, Lu, and Li, 2019Qi et al, 2019b
水城湍蛙Amolops shuichengicusLyu and Wang, 2019Lyu et al, 2019c
中华湍蛙Amolops sinensisLyu, Wang, and Wang, 2019Lyu et al, 2019a
逸仙湍蛙Amolops yatseniLyu, Wang, and Wang, 2019Lyu et al, 2019a
华南大鲵Andrias sligoi(Boulenger, 1924)Turvey et al, 2019
云南纤树蛙Gracixalus yunnanensisYu, Hui, Wang, Rao, Wu, and Yang, 2019Yu et al, 2019a
毕节掌突蟾Leptobrachella bijieWang, Li, Li, Chen, and Wang, 2019Wang J et al, 2019a
紫腹掌突蟾Leptobrachella purpuraventraWang, Li, Li, Chen, and Wang, 2019Wang J et al, 2019a
上思掌突蟾Leptobrachella shangsiensisChen, Liao, Zhou, and Mo, 2019Chen WC et al, 2019
河谷舌突蛙Liurana valleculaJiang, Wang, Wang, Li, and Che, 2019Jiang K et al, 2019
东莞角蟾Megophrys dongguanensisWang and Wang, 2019Wang J et al, 2019c
九连山角蟾Megophrys jiulianensisWang, Zeng, Lyu, and Wang, 2019Wang J et al, 2019c
幕阜山角蟾Megophrys mufumontanaWang, Lyu, and Wang, 2019Wang J et al, 2019c
南昆山角蟾Megophrys nankunensisWang, Zeng, and Wang, 2019Wang J et al, 2019c
南岭角蟾Megophrys nanlingensisLyu, Wang, Liu, and Wang, 2019Wang J et al, 2019c
雨神角蟾Megophrys ombrophilaMessenger and Dahn, 2019Messenger et al, 2019
舜皇角蟾Megophrys shunhuangensisWang, Deng, Liu, and Liu, 2019Wang L et al, 2019
武功山角蟾Megophrys wugongensisWang, Lyu, and Wang, 2019Wang J et al, 2019c
梵净山姬蛙Microhyla fanjingshanensisLi, Zhang, Xu, Lv, Jiang, Liu, Wei, and Wang, 2019Li SZ et al, 2019b
隆子棘蛙Nanorana zhaoermiiQi, Zhou, Lu, Li, Qin, Hou, Zhang, Ma, and Li, 2019Qi et al, 2019a
雷山琴蛙Nidirana leishanensisLi, Wei, Xu, Cui, Fei, Jiang, Liu, and Wang, 2019Li SZ et al, 2019a
瑶琴蛙Nidirana yaoicaLyu, Mo, Wan, Li, Pang, and Wang, 2019Lyu et al, 2019b
沧源灌树蛙Raorchestes cangyuanensisWu, Suwannapoom, Xu, Murphy, and Che, 2019Wu et al, 2019
腾冲齿突蟾Scutiger tengchongensisYang and Huang, 2019Yang & Huang, 2019
突肛树蛙Zhangixalus pachyproctusYu, Hui, Hou, Wu, Rao, and Yang, 2019Yu et al, 2019b

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表5   2015-2019年间两栖动物已知物种在中国的新纪录及其分布。“-”表示无其他曾用中文名或同物异名。

Table 5  New country records of recognized species of amphibians and their distribution in China between 2015 and 2019. “-” indicates no previously used Chinese common name or junior synonym.

现中文名
Revised Chinese common name
现学名
Scientific name
曾用中文名
Previously used Chinese common name
同物异名
Junior synonyms
我国分布地
Distribution in China
参考文献
Reference
克钦湍蛙Amolops afghanus-Amolops marmoratus云南(盈江) Yunnan (Yingjiang)Yang 1991; Dever et al, 2012; Lyu et al, 2019c
布氏掌突蟾Leptobrachella bourreti-Leptolalax bourreti云南(文山、红河); 广西(桂林) Yunnan (Wenshan and Honghe); Guangxi (Guilin)Chen JM et al, 2018
拂晓掌突蟾Leptobrachella eos-Leptolalax eos云南(西双版纳) Yunnan (Xishuangbanna)Chen JM et al, 2018
夜神掌突蟾Leptobrachella nyx-Leptolalax nyx云南(文山) Yunnan (Wenshan)Chen JM et al, 2018
波普拟髭蟾Leptobrachium bompu--西藏(墨脱) Tibet (Medog)Liang et al, 2017
泰诺大头蛙Limnonectes taylori--云南(西双版纳) Yunnan (Xishuangbanna)Suwannapoom et al, 2016
茅索角蟾Megophrys maosonensis-Xenophrys maosonensis云南(文山) Yunnan (Wenshan)Chen JM et al, 2017
穆氏姬蛙Microhyla mukhlesuri--云南(红河) Yunnan (Honghe)Yuan et al, 2016a
清迈陆蛙Minervarya chiangmaiensis-Fejervarya chiangmaiensis云南(普洱) Yunnan (Puer)Hui et al, 2019
罗斯坦棘蛙Nanorana rostandi-Paa rostandi, Rana rostandi, Chaparana rostandi西藏(吉隆) Tibet (Jilong)蒋珂等, 2016
沙巴琴蛙Nidirana chapaensis-Hylarana chapaensis,
Rana chapaensis
云南(红河) Yunnan (Honghe)Yuan et al, 2019
北圻臭蛙Odorrana bacboensis-Rana bacboensis,
Huia bacboensis
云南(河口); 广西(那坡) Yunnan (Hekou); Guangxi (Napo)Wang YY et al, 2015
安子山臭蛙Odorrana yentuensis--广西(十万大山) Guangxi (Shiwandashan)卢琳琳等, 2016
德氏瘰螈Paramesotriton deloustali-Mesotriton deloustali,
Pachytriton deloustali
云南(红河) Yunnan (Honghe)Zhang et al, 2018
侏灌树蛙Raorchestes parvulus-Ixalus parvulus, Rhacophorus parvulus, Philautus parvulus云南(西双版纳) Yunnan (Xishuangbanna)Yu et al, 2019c
双色棱皮树蛙Theloderma bicolor-Rhacophorus leprosus bicolor云南(景东) Yunnan (Jingdong)Hou et al, 2017
印支棱皮树蛙Theloderma gordoni--云南(西双版纳) Yunnan (Xishuangbanna)Qi et al, 2018
蔡氏疣螈Tylototriton ziegleri-Yaotriton ziegleri云南(文山) Yunnan (Wenshan)Jiang et al, 2017

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否定8种两栖动物的有效性。其中, 综合考虑分类单系原则及形态差异, 否定以下6种的有效性: 凉山湍蛙(Amolops liangshanensis)为棕点湍蛙(A. loloensis)的次定同物异名(Lyu et al, 2019c), 广西棱皮树蛙(Theloderma kwangsiense)为北部湾棱皮树蛙(T. corticale)的次定同物异名(Hou et al, 2017), 大围山疣螈(Tylototriton daweishanensis)为滇南疣螈(T. yangi)的次定同物异名(Nishikawa et al, 2015), Nidirana caldwelli为弹琴蛙(N. adenopleura)的次定同物异名(Lyu et al, 2017), 金秀刘树蛙(Liuixalus jinxiuensis)为同年发表的费氏刘树蛙(L. feii)的次定同物异名(Pham et al, 2018), 河口水蛙(Hylarana hekouensis)和勐腊水蛙(H. menglaensis)为黑带水蛙(H. nigrovittata)的次定同物异名(Sheridan & Stuart, 2018)。此外, 依据模式标本的形态学对比结果, 将Rhacophorus maximus定为R. smaragdinus的次定同物异名(Ohler & Deuti, 2018), 而其对应中文名则保留“白颌大树蛙”(表6)。

表6   2015-2019年间中国两栖、爬行动物种级同物异名厘定。“原中文名”指蔡波等(2015)、《中国两栖类信息系统》或其他中文文献曾使用的中文名。“-”表示该项未有变动。

Table 6  Species-level taxonomic changes for the amphibians and reptiles of China between 2015 and 2019. The former Chinese common names are the ones used in the previous reptilian checklist by Cai et al (2015) and other Chinese literature. “-” indicates no change.

原中文名
Chinese common name
原学名
Previous scientific name (junior synonym)
首定同物异名中文名
Chinese common name of the senior synonym
首定同物异名学名
Scientific name of the senior synonym
参考文献
Reference
两栖动物 Amphibians
金秀刘树蛙Liuixalus jinxiuensis费氏刘树蛙Liuixalus feiiPham et al, 2018
-Nidirana caldwelli弹琴蛙Nidirana adenopleuraLyu et al, 2017
白颌大树蛙Rhacophorus maximus-Zhangixalus smaragdinusOhler & Deuti, 2018; Jiang DC et al, 2019
河口水蛙Hylarana hekouensis黑带水蛙Hylarana nigrovittataSheridan & Stuart, 2018
勐腊水蛙Hylarana menglaensis
广西棱皮树蛙Theloderma kwangsiensis北部湾棱皮树蛙Theloderma corticaleHou et al, 2017
大围山疣螈Tylototriton daweishanensis滇南疣螈Tylototriton yangiNishikawa et al, 2015
爬行动物 Reptiles
四川龙蜥Diploderma szechwanense横纹龙蜥Diploderma fasciatumOta, 2000
岩栖蝮Gloydius saxatilis中介蝮Gloydius intermediusShi et al, 2016
独龙江攀蜥Japalura bapoensis西藏拟树蜥巴坡亚种Pseudocalotes kingdonwardi bapoensisMahony, 2010; Wang K et al, 2019a
贵南沙蜥Phrynocephalus guinanensis贵德沙蜥Phrynocephalus putjataiJin et al, 2014; Jin & Browon, 2019
云南颈斑蛇Plagiopholis unipostocularis颈斑蛇Plagiopholis blakewayiZhong et al, 2015
越南巨蜥Varanus vietnamensis暗影巨蜥Varanus nebulosusBöhme & Ziegler, 1997; Böhme, 2003; 杨大同和饶定齐, 2008

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2.2 爬行动物分类变更

2.2.1 2015-2019年间分类变更

依据分子系统学研究结果, 我国爬行动物高级分类阶元中游蛇科(Colubridae)内新增1亚科, 即瘦蛇亚科(Ahaetuliinae) (Figueroa et al, 2016), 我国分布的瘦蛇属(Ahaetulla)、金花蛇属(Chrysopelea)和过树蛇属(Dendrelaphis)隶属于该亚科。

游蛇科下原有的5亚科提升至科, 包括两头蛇科(Calamariidae)、食螺蛇科(Dipsadidae)、水游蛇科(Natricidae)、斜鳞蛇科(Pseudoxenodontidae)与剑蛇科(Sibynophiidae)。受采样和可使用数据的限制, 游蛇科下各亚科的系统地位长期以来一直存在争议(Stejneger, 1907; Smith, 1943; Zaher et al, 2009; Wallach et al, 2014), 而我国学者历史上则并未强调对游蛇科下各亚科的划分(四川省生物研究所两栖爬行动物研究室, 1977; Zhao & Adler, 1993; 赵尔宓等, 1998; 赵尔宓, 2006; 蔡波等, 2015)。Zaher等(2019)基于分子系统学和形态学研究, 支持先前研究对游蛇科做出的分类建议(Zaher et al, 2009), 即将其所辖8个亚科中除游蛇亚科(Colubrinae)与瘦蛇亚科外的其他6个亚科上升为科级; 对于原游蛇科内仍无DNA分子数据的珠光蛇属(Blythia), 依据半阴茎形态特征, Zaher等(2019)建议将其暂置于水游蛇科内。基于近期Zaher等(2019)Burbrink等(2019)的研究结果, 本文暂采纳其观点。变更后, 我国原游蛇科下辖的40属现隶属于6科, 即两头蛇科(1属)、游蛇科(19属)、食螺蛇科(2属)、水游蛇科(15属)、斜鳞蛇科(2属)和剑蛇科(1属); 而变更后游蛇科内仅存2亚科, 即游蛇亚科与瘦蛇亚科。

新描述1属, 即SmithophisGiri等(2019b)依据多基因片段的分子系统学研究指出, 黄腹杆蛇(Rhabdops bicolor)与该属模式种R. oliveceus不成单系, 加之两大支系间存在形态差异(如鼻间鳞和前额鳞数量), 因此提议将黄腹杆蛇所代表支系命名为一新属, 即Smithophis, 中文名则沿用“杆蛇属”(中文名变动详见下文)。由于厘定后我国已无真正的Rhabdops属物种分布, 故在此将Rhabdops从我国爬行动物名录中移除(表1)。

恢复爬行动物3属的有效性, 即龙蜥属(Diploderma) (Wang K et al, 2019a)、颈棱蛇属(Pseudoagkistrodon) (中文名变动见下文; Takeuchi et al, 2018)和环游蛇属(Trimerodytes) (Ren et al, 2019)。基于多基因片段的分子系统学研究, Wang K等(2019a)支持原广义攀蜥属(Japalura sensu lato)并非单系(Macey et al, 2000; Pyron et al, 2013), 结合形态数据, 建议将广义攀蜥属拆分为4属, 其中3属有物种分布于我国: 长肢攀蜥(J. andersoniana)和三棱攀蜥(J. tricarinata)保留在狭义攀蜥属; 独龙江攀蜥(J. bapoensis)划至拟树蜥属(Pseudocalotes), 并暂恢复其亚种地位, 即西藏拟树蜥巴坡亚种(P. kingdonwardi bapoensis); 而中国境内其余物种被划归为恢复的龙蜥属; 伴随着属名词性变更, 我国龙蜥属部分物种的学名种加词也随之发生变动(王剀等, 2019b; 表2)。Takeuchi等(2018)研究显示, 原颈棱蛇属(Macropisthodon)并非单系, 其模式种(M. flaviceps)所代表的支系嵌于颈槽蛇属(Rhabdophis)内, 同时均具有颈腺; 而分布在我国的颈棱蛇(M. rudis)则代表了一个独立演化支系, 且缺乏颈腺。因此结合形态与分子系统学结果, Takeuchi等(2018)基于单系性原则, 将该类群重新厘定: 一方面, 恢复颈棱蛇所代表的演化支系的先占属名Pseudoagkistrodon, 而颈棱蛇学名因此变更为Pseudoagkistrodon rudis (其属、种中文名保持不变, 见下文); 另一方面, 废除Macropisthodon的有效性, 将其归并为颈槽蛇属的次定同物异名, 包括其模式种M. flaviceps在内的属内其余物种均归于颈槽蛇属。Ren等(2019)依据线粒体基因片段的分子系统学研究, 发现横纹后棱蛇(Opisthotropis balteata)嵌于华游蛇属(Sinonatrix)中, 且与华游蛇属模式种赤链华游蛇(S. annularis)互为姐妹群, 致使华游蛇属与后棱蛇属(Opisthotropis)互不成单系。由于横纹后棱蛇所代表的属级次定同物异名Trimerodytes的命名时间早于华游蛇属, 考虑到维护分类单系性原则和命名优先权, Ren等(2019)建议恢复Trimerodytes的有效性(中文名拟定为“环游蛇属”), 并将华游蛇属视为该属的次定同物异名(物种中文名变动见下文) (表1, 2)。

另外, 由于已知属的物种在我国的新分布纪录, 新增加3属在中国的纪录, 即扁头蛇属(Platyceps) (郭克疾等, 2018; 中文名变动见下文)、坡普蝮属(Popeia) (Guo P et al, 2015)和伞虎属(Ptychozoon) (Wang YY et al, 2016) (表3)。

除上述废除的原颈棱蛇属和华游蛇属, 另废除爬行动物3属的有效性, 包括晨蛇属(Orthriophis)、异纹蛇属(Pararhabdophis)和异鳞蜥属(Oriocalotes)。Chen X等(2017)基于简化基因组的分子系统学研究表明, 晨蛇属嵌于狭义锦蛇属(Elaphe sensu stricto)内, 将晨蛇属视为狭义锦蛇属次定同物异名; 因此, 我国的坎氏晨蛇(O. cantoris)、南峰晨蛇(O. hodgsonii)、百花晨蛇(O. moellendorffi)和黑眉晨蛇(O. taeniurus)均改回至锦蛇属内(涉及物种的中文名变动见下文)。依据线粒体基因片段的分子系统学分析, Ren等(2018)研究表明异纹蛇属为东亚腹链蛇属(Hebius)的次定同物异名; 因此新记录于我国的Pararhabdophis chapaensis则改隶于东亚腹链蛇属, 中文名则拟定为“沙坝腹链蛇”。Giri等(2019a)利用多基因片段的分子系统学研究指出, 异鳞蜥属物种嵌于树蜥属(Calotes)内部, 故将异鳞蜥属视为树蜥属的次定同物异名(表2)。

暂不接受近期关于翠青蛇属(Cyclophiops)和异色蛇属(Xenochrophis)的高阶元分类变动(所涉及的异色蛇属中文名变动见下文)。Figueroa等(2016)的分子系统学研究表明翠青蛇属中翠青蛇(C. major)和横纹翠青蛇(C. multicinctus)嵌于鼠蛇属(Ptyas)物种所在支系中, 因此建议将翠青蛇属视为鼠蛇属的次定同物异名; 然而, 该研究结果并未包含翠青蛇属模式种纯绿翠青蛇(C. doriae), 其结论有待进一步研究, 因此本文暂未采纳其观点。Purkayastha和David (2018)研究表明异色蛇属的物种并非单系, 其中滇西蛇属(Atretium)模式种Atretium schistosum与部分颈槽蛇属物种均嵌于异色蛇属中; 结合部分形态学数据, Purkayastha和David(2018)建议将原异色蛇属中X. piscator, X. asperrimus, X. schnurrenbergeriX. punctualatus所代表的支系恢复为异色蛇属原次定同物异名Fowlea (模式种X. punctualatus), 而将异色蛇属限定为其模式种X. cerasogaster所代表的支系。然而, 由于滇西蛇属本身的分类存疑, 且大多数支系间的系统关系尚未得到解决。鉴于该类群的属级分类在将来极可能产生新的变动, 因此本文沿用蔡波等(2015)关于该类群的保守分类, 暂未采纳Purkayastha和David(2018)的分类。

在种级分类阶元上, 发现并描述爬行动物新物种35种(表7)。新物种中, 有4种在本文中所采纳的属级分类地位与其原始描述不同: 依据Denzer等(2019)以及王剀等(2019b), 将侏攀蜥(Japalura drukdaypo)改至龙蜥属, 即Diploderma drukdaypo, 而其中文名遵从王剀等(2019b)的建议, 改为“侏龙蜥”; Chen ZN等(2019)Captain等(2019)在描述Trimeresurus yingjiangensisT. arunachalensis时采纳的均是广义竹叶青属的单属划分体系, 而依据其分子系统学结果, T. yingjiangensisT. arunachalensis分别与Popeia sabahi和西藏竹叶青蛇(Himalayophis tibetanus)聚为姐妹群, 因此在采纳广义竹叶青属多属划分的前提下, 本文将T. yingjiangensisT. arunachalensis分别移至其姐妹种所在的坡普蝮属(Popeia)和喜山蝮属(Himalayophis), 两种的学名遂改为Popeia yingjiangensisHimalayophis arunachalensis; 对于其中没有中文名的H. arunachalensis, 将其中文名拟定为“藏南竹叶青蛇”; Guo等(2019)描述景东华游蛇(Sinonatrix yapingi)的时间早于同年发表的关于华游蛇属的分类厘定(Ren et al, 2019), 而依据Guo等(2019)的分子数据, 景东华游蛇与华游蛇属模式种聚为一支, 因此在采纳Ren等(2019)关于华游蛇属分类厘定的前提下, 本文将景东华游蛇划归至环游蛇属, 学名改称Trimerodytes yapingi, 而物种中文名遵从原始描述的指定保持不变。

表7   2015-2019年间新描述或恢复有效性的中国爬行动物物种。“Comb. nov.” 表示本文首次将该物种划归至现所在属; 命名人引用格式中的括号代表该物种在本文中采纳的属级分类与其原始描述不同。

Table 7  Newly described or resurrected species of reptiles from China between 2015 and 2019

年份
Year
中文名
Chinese common name
学名
Scientific name
命名人
Taxonomic authority
参考文献
Reference
2015帆背龙蜥Diploderma vela(Wang, Jiang, Pan, Hou, Siler, and Che, 2015)Wang K et al, 2015
广西壁虎Gekko kwangsiensisYang, 2015Yang, 2015
嘉道理睑虎Goniurosaurus kadoorieorumYang and Chan, 2015Yang & Chan, 2015
广西睑虎Goniurosaurus kwangsiensisYang and Chan, 2015Yang & Chan, 2015
昌宁半叶趾虎Hemiphyllodactylus changningensisGuo, Zhou, Yan, and Li, 2015Guo WB et al, 2015
泰雅钝头蛇Pareas atayalYou, Poyarkov, and Lin, 2015You et al, 2015
阿里山钝头蛇Pareas komaii(Maki, 1931)You et al, 2015
2016翡翠龙蜥Diploderma iadinum(Wang, Jiang, Siler, and Che, 2016)Wang K et al, 2016
滑腹龙蜥Diploderma laeviventre(Wang, Jiang, Siler, and Che, 2016)Wang K et al, 2016
龟山壁虎Gekko guishanicusLin and Yao, 2016Lin & Yao, 2016
惠水半叶趾虎Hemiphyllodactylus huishuiensisYan, Lin, Guo, Li, and Zhou, 2016Yan J et al, 2016
版纳伞虎Ptychozoon bannaenseWang, Wang, and Liu, 2016Wang YY et al, 2016
2017贡山龙蜥Diploderma slowinskii(Rao, Vindum, Ma, Fu, and Wilkinson, 2017)Rao et al, 2017
红斑高山蝮Gloydius rubromaculatusShi, li, and Liu, 2017Shi et al, 2017
深圳后棱蛇Opisthotropis shenzhenensisWang, Guo, Liu, Lyu, Wang, Luo, Sun, and Zhang, 2017Wang YY et al, 2017b
赵氏后棱蛇Opisthotropis zhaoermiiRen, Wang, Jiang, Guo, and Li, 2017Ren et al, 2017
钓鱼岛石龙子Plestiodon takaraiKurita, Ota, and Hikida, 2017Kurita et al, 2017a
天井山草蜥Takydromus albomaculosusWang, Gong, Liu, and Wang, 2017Wang YY et al, 2017a
2018贡山两头蛇Calamaria andersoniYang and Zheng, 2018Yang & Zheng, 2018
若尔盖蝮Gloydius angusticepsShi, Yang, Huang, Orlov, and Li, 2018Shi et al, 2018
周氏睑虎Goniurosaurus zhouiZhou, Wang, Chen, and Liang, 2018Zhou et al, 2018
盐边腹链蛇Hebius yanbianensisLiu, Zhong, Wang, Liu, and Guo, 2018Liu et al, 2018
香港半叶趾虎Hemiphyllodactylus hongkongensisSung, Lee, Ng, Zhang, and Yang, 2018Sung et al, 2018
海南四眼斑水龟Sacalia insulensisAdler, 1962林柳等, 2018
海南华珊瑚蛇Sinomicrurus houiWang, Peng, and Huang, 2018Peng et al, 2018
2019铜壁关棘蜥Acanthosaura tongbiguanensisLiu and Rao, 2019Liu & Rao, 2019
云开脊蛇Achalinus yunkaiensisWang, Li, Wang, 2019Wang J et al, 2019b
侏龙蜥Diploderma drukdaypo(Wang, Ren, Jiang, Zou, Wu, Che, Siler, 2019)Wang K et al, 2019d
山地龙蜥Diploderma swildWang, Wu, Jiang, Chen, Miao, Siler, Che, 2019Wang K et al, 2019f
澜沧蝮Gloydius huangiWang, Ren, Dong, Jiang, Siler, Che, 2019Wang K et al, 2019e
桑植腹链蛇Hebius sangzhiensisZhou, Qi, Lu, Lyu, Li, 2019Zhou et al, 2019
云开草蜥Takydromus yunkaiensisWang, Lyu, Wang, 2019Wang J et al, 2019d
盈江竹叶青Popeia yingjiangensis comb. nov.(Chen, Ding, Shi, Zhang, 2019)Chen ZN et al, 2019
景东华游蛇Trimerodytes yapingi comb. nov.(Guo, Zhu, Liu, 2019)Guo et al, 2019
藏南竹叶青Himalayophis arunachalensis comb. nov.(Captain, Deepak, Pandit, Bhatt, Athreya, 2019)Captain et al, 2019
艾氏坭蛇Trachischium apteiiBhosale, Gowande, Mirza, 2019Bhosale et al, 2019
泪纹腹链蛇Hebius lacrimaPurkayastha, David, 2019Purkayastha & David, 2019

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恢复2种的有效性, 即阿里山钝头蛇(Pareas komaii) (You et al, 2015)和海南四眼斑龟(Sacalia insulensis) (林柳等, 2018)。提升6个亚种至种级水平: 将西伯利亚蝮阿拉善亚种(Gloydius halys cognatus)、西伯利亚蝮华北亚种(G. h. stejnegeri)、中介蝮长岛亚种(G. intermedius changdaoensis)、中华石龙子白斑亚种(Plestiodon chinensis leucostictus)、卡西裸趾虎察隅亚种(Cyrtodactylus khasiensis cayuensis)和快步麻蜥东方亚种(Eremias velox roborowskii)提升至有效种, 分别为阿拉善蝮(G. cognatus)、华北蝮(G. stejnegeri)、长岛蝮(G. changdaoensis)、白斑石龙子(P. leucostictus)、察隅裸趾虎(C. cayuensis)和吐鲁番麻蜥(E. roborowskii) (史静耸等, 2016; Kurita et al, 2017b; Agarwal et al, 2018; Chirikova et al, 2019; Liu et al, 2019) (表8)。

表8   2015-2019年间由已知亚种提升而产生的爬行动物新物种

Table 8  The species that were elevated from recognized subspecies to the full species status between 2015 and 2019

原亚种中文名
Previous Chinese common name
原亚种学名
Previous scientific name of the subspecies
提升后物种中文名
Revised Chinese common name of the species
提升后物种学名
Current scientific name of the elevated species
文献
Reference
卡西裸趾虎察隅亚种Cyrtodactylus khasiensis cayuensis察隅裸趾虎Cyrtodactylus cayuensisAgarwal et al, 2018
快步麻蜥东方亚种Eremias velox roborowskii吐鲁番麻蜥Eremias roborowskiiChirikova et al, 2019
西伯利亚蝮阿拉善亚种Gloydius halys cognatus阿拉善蝮Gloydius cognatus史静耸等, 2016
西伯利亚蝮华北亚种Gloydius halys stejnegeri华北蝮Gloydius stejnegeri
中介蝮长岛亚种Gloydius intermedius changdaoensis长岛蝮Gloydius changdaoensis
云南半叶趾虎独山亚种Hemiphyllodactylus yunnanensis dushanensis独山半叶趾虎Hemiphyllodactylus dushanensisGrismer et al, 2013
云南半叶趾虎金平亚种Hemiphyllodactylus yunnanensis jinpingensis金平半叶趾虎Hemiphyllodactylus jinpingensis
云南半叶趾虎龙陵亚种Hemiphyllodactylus yunnanensis longlingensis龙陵半叶趾虎Hemiphyllodactylus longlingensis
中华石龙子白斑亚种Plestiodon chinensis leucostictus白斑石龙子Plestiodon leucostictusKurita et al, 2017b

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此外, 新增加8种已知爬行动物在我国的分布纪录(表8); 同时, 移除4种爬行动物在我国的分布纪录, 即喜山攀蜥(Japalura kumaonensis)绿背攀蜥(J. sagittifera)、卡西裸趾虎(Cyrtodactylus khasiensis)和双带腹链蛇(Hebius parallelus)。原记录于我国的喜山攀蜥为三棱攀蜥(Japalura tricarinata)的误定(Wang K et al, 2018a); 依据Kunte和Manthey (2009)的研究, 目前未有确切证据表明绿背攀蜥分布于我国境内, 故将蔡波等(2015)中记录的绿背攀蜥纪录移除; 原记录于我国西藏察隅的卡西裸趾虎察隅亚种已被升为独立种(Agarwal et al, 2018), 同时依据现有数据, 卡西裸趾虎仅分布于印度东北部的梅加拉亚邦(Meghalaya District), 故将其分布纪录移除; 而原记录于西藏南部和云南西南部的双带腹链蛇为克氏腹链蛇(H. clerki)的误定(David et al, 2015), 故将其纪录移除。

否定了4种爬行动物的有效性。结合基于线粒体片段的分子系统学研究及形态学比较, 将云南颈斑蛇(Plagiopholis unipostocularis)定为颈斑蛇(Plagiopholis blakewayi)的次定同物异名(Zhong et al, 2015); 支持原Orlov和Barabannov (2000)提出的观点, 将岩栖蝮(Gloydius saxatilis)定为中介蝮(G. intermedius) 的次定同物异名(史静耸等, 2016); 支持原Mahony (2010)提出的观点, 将独龙江攀蜥定为西藏拟树蜥巴坡亚种的次定同物异名(Wang K et al, 2019a)。此外, 结合线粒体片段及简化基因组数据的分子系统学研究, 支持Jin等(2014)的观点, 将不成单系的贵南沙蜥(Phrynocephalus guinanensis)视为贵德沙蜥(P. putjatai)的次定同物异名(Jin & Brown, 2019) (表6)。

2.2.2 2015年前分类变动的增补

爬行动物高级分类阶元增补属级新纪录3个, 分别是树栖锦蛇属(Gonyosoma)、副后棱蛇属(Paratapinophis)及细趾虎属(Tenuidactylus)。Chen等(2014)依据多基因片段构建蛇类系统发育关系, 表明绿蛇属(Rhadinophis)和尖喙蛇属(Rhynchophis)均嵌于树栖锦蛇属(Gonyosoma)内, 因此将绿蛇属和尖喙蛇属定为树栖锦蛇属的次定同物异名, 而分布于我国的绿锦蛇(Rhadinophis prasinus)、灰腹绿锦蛇(R. frenatus)和尖喙蛇(R. boulengeri)因此均划入树栖锦蛇属内。蔡波等(2015)认为Chen等(2014)未结合形态学数据, 未采纳这一观点。本文基于分类单系性原则, 同时考虑到Chen等(2014)在分类厘定后确实提供了树栖锦蛇属的形态鉴别特征(包括体型纤细、头狭长区分于颈、眼较大且瞳孔圆形、体中短背鳞光滑或微弱起棱等), 因此接受Chen等(2014)的分类观点, 而所涉及物种则恢复其惯用中文名称(详见下文)。Bauer等(2013)依据多基因片段构建了广义弯脚虎(Cyrtopodion sensu lato)的系统演化关系, 同时结合形态学数据, 将该类群物种的属级分类进行了厘定, 将长弯脚虎(Cyrtopodion elongatum)和大墩弯脚虎(C. dadunense)划入细趾虎属(Tenuidactylus), 本文采纳此观点, 所涉及物种学名的种加词也因此在词性上做出相应改变(表1)。Murphy等(2008)认为老挝后棱蛇(Opisthotropis praemaxillaris)与后棱蛇属(Opisthotropis)其余物种在形态上存在明显差异, 包括头部形状和背鳞质感, 因此恢复了老挝后棱蛇所代表的属级次定同物异名副后棱蛇属(Paratapinophis)的有效性, 而老挝后棱蛇随之改隶至副后棱蛇属, 即老挝副后棱蛇 (Paratapinophis praemaxillaris) (表2), 但蔡波等(2015)未予引用或讨论。Ren等(2019)依据形态学证据, 认为副后棱蛇属与环游蛇属Trimerodytes无法区分, 提出其可能为后者的次定同物异名。鉴于对于副后棱蛇属仍缺乏系统学研究, 故目前暂采纳Murphy等(2008)的观点, 承认其有效性。

在种级分类方面, 依据当前的研究结果, 本文暂否定2种爬行动物有效性, 即越南巨蜥(Varanus vietnamensis)和四川龙蜥(Diploderma szechwanense) (表9)。杨大同和刘万兆(1994)依据文献中暗影巨蜥(Varanus nebulosus)的形态特征, 认为云南河口的巨蜥个体与其存在形态差异, 故描述一新种, 即越南巨蜥, 而该分类观点被后续作者所采纳(饶定齐和杨大同, 1996)。随后, Böhme和Ziegler (1997)指出越南巨蜥与暗影巨蜥在色斑上无法区分, 故将越南巨蜥视为暗影巨蜥的次定同物异名。后期主要爬行动物名录均未收录越南巨蜥(赵尔宓等, 1999; 杨大同和饶定齐, 2008), 而近期蔡波等(2015)对二者均未予收录或讨论。基于Böhme和Ziegler (1997)的研究结果以及赵尔宓等(1999)杨大同和饶定齐(2008)的观点, 本文暂将越南巨蜥视为暗影巨蜥的次定同物异名。Ota (2000)通过对比四川龙蜥(原Japalura szechwanensis)与横纹龙蜥(Diploderma fasciatum) (原Japalura fasciata)的模式标本, 认为二者在所检视的形态特征上一致, 包括缺乏横向喉褶及鳞片特征, 因此将命名较晚的四川龙蜥定为横纹龙蜥的次定同物异名, 而该观点也被后续研究所采纳(Manthey, 2010; Wang K et al, 2019a; 王剀等, 2019b)。尽管部分学者未采纳Ota (2000)的分类建议(赵尔宓, 2004; 杨大同和饶定齐, 2008; 蔡波等, 2015), 但他们均未提供另外更新的数据对Ota (2000)的观点进行讨论或反驳。因此, 在没有新数据证明四川龙蜥有效性的情况下, 本文暂采纳Ota (2000)的分类观点, 将四川龙蜥定为横纹龙蜥的次定同物异名。由于暗影巨蜥及横纹龙蜥未被前期研究收录(蔡波等, 2015), 因此这两物种也成为我国爬行动物的增补纪录。此外, 依据正式报道记录于我国的实体标本, 增补前期名录中遗漏的银山过树蛇(Dendrelaphis ngansonensis) (Pope, 1935; Nicodemo & Bain, 2007) (表9)。

表9   2015-2019年间中国爬行动物新纪录及其分布。“原中文名”指蔡波等(2015)或其他中文文献中曾经使用的中文名。“-”表示无其他曾用中文名或同物异名。

Table 9  New country records of recognized species of reptiles and their distribution in China between 2015 and 2019. The former Chinese common names are the ones used in the previous reptilian checklist by Cai et al (2015) and other Chinese literature. “-” indicates no previously used Chinese common names or junior synonyms.

采纳中文名
Revised Chinese common name
采纳学名
Current scientific name
原中文名
Previous Chinese common name
同物异名
Junior synonym
我国分布地
Distribution in China
文献
Reference
马来环蛇Bungarus candidus -Coluber candidus,
Bungarus semifasciatus
云南、广西、广东 Yunnan, Guangxi, and GuangdongXie et al, 2018
银山过树蛇Dendrelaphis ngansonensis-Dendrelaphis bioga boiga海南、云南 Hainan and YunnanPope, 1935; Nicodemo & Bain, 2007
沙坝龙蜥Diploderma chapaense-Japalura chapaensis云南绿春 Yunnan (Lüchun)Wang K et al, 2018b
横纹龙蜥Diploderma fasciatum四川龙蜥Japalura fasciata,
Japalura szechwanensis
云南、四川、江西、广东、湖南 Yunnan Sichuan, Jiangxi, Guangdong, and HunanOta, 2000; 王剀等, 2019b
沙坝腹链蛇Hebius chapaensis沙坝异纹蛇Pararhabdophis chapaensis云南屏边 Yunnan (Pingbian)Ren et al, 2018
克氏腹链蛇Hebius clerki -Amphiesma clerki 云南盈江 Yunan (Yingjiang)David et al, 2015
红脊扁头蛇Platyceps rhodorachis简氏红鞭蛇Coluber rhodorachis西藏阿里 Tibet (Ali)郭克疾等, 2018
坡普竹叶青蛇Popeia popeorum坡普蝮Trimeresurus popeiorum, Popeia popeiorum云南西双版纳 Yunnan (Xishuangbanna)Guo P et al, 2015
混鳞蜥Pseudocalotes austeniana-Mictopholis austeniana西藏墨脱 Tibet (Medog)Annandale, 1908; Athreya, 2006; Wang K et al, 2019b
耿氏坭蛇Trachischium guentheri--西藏聂拉木 Tibet (Nielamu)Wang K et al, 2019c
暗影巨蜥Varanus nebulosus越南巨蜥Varanus vietnamensis云南河口 Yunnan (Hekou)饶定齐和杨大同, 1996; Böhme & Ziegler, 1997; Böhme, 2003

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Grismer等(2013)依据线粒体片段的分子系统学研究, 考虑到单系性原则及较大的分子遗传距离, 将云南半叶趾虎(Hemiphyllodactylus yunnanensis)的3个亚种云南半叶趾虎金平亚种(H. y. jinpingensis)龙陵亚种(H. y. longlingensis)及独山亚种(H. y. dushanensis)分别提升至有效种, 即金平半叶趾虎(H. jinpingensis)、龙陵半叶趾虎(H. longlingensis)和独山半叶趾虎(H. dushanensis), 本文采纳其观点(表9)。

乌拉尔沙蜥在我国原记录有3个亚种, 即指名亚种(P. g. guttatus)、黑腹亚种(P. g. melanurus)和伊犁亚种(P. g. alpherakii) (赵尔宓等, 1999)。随后研究确定我国无指名亚种分布(Melville et al, 2009), 而其余两个确有记录的亚种均已被提升为有效种(即伊犁沙蜥P. alpherakii和黑腹沙蜥P. melanurus; 蔡波等, 2015), 因此我国已无乌拉尔沙蜥分布, 故在此将其移除。

综上, 截至2019年12月31日, 我国共记录现生本土两栖动物3目13科64属515种, 爬行动物3目35科135属511种(附录1, 2)。

2.3 爬行动物名称修改

2.3.1 学名订正

参照国际动物命名法中对于科名建立和属名词性的相关规定, Savage (2015)依据闪皮蛇科(Xenodermatidae)与钝头蛇科(Pareatidae)模式属的学名词性, 对其科名提出了订正意见, 分别将其修订为Xenodermidae与Pareidae, 本文采纳其意见(附录2)。此外, 依据国际动物命名法中的相同条款, 本文对先前名录中4属49种物种的学名或命名人格式也进行了订正(附录1, 2)。

2.3.2 中文名修改建议

对蛇类新描述或提升的科与亚科, 其中文名沿用相应类群的惯用中文名或依据科名/亚科名词源中的属名进行拟定, 即瘦蛇亚科(Ahaetuliinae), 两头蛇科(Calamariidae)、食螺蛇科(Dipsadidae)、水游蛇科(Natricidae)、斜鳞蛇科(Pseudoxenodontidae)与剑蛇科(Sibynophiidae) (赵尔宓等, 1993; 附录2)。

对已知物种及分类阶元的中文名, 为避免学术著作间的混乱(赵尔宓等, 1993; 戴鑫等, 2001; 赵尔宓, 2006; 李建, 2007; 胡晓林, 2007; 杨大同和饶定齐, 2008; 郭宪光等, 2010; 蔡波等, 2015), 同时遵循中文资料中的惯用情况, 在蔡波等(2015)的基础上, 对部分爬行动物中文名提出了修改建议。其中, 本文建议将Pythonidae中文名由“蚺科”修改为“蟒科”, Python中文名由“蚺属”修改为“蟒属”, 其属下物种中文名不变, 保留“蟒”(Python bivittatus); 将Boidae中文名由“蟒科”修改为“蚺科”, Eryx中文名由“沙蟒属”修改为“沙蚺属”, 其属下物种中文名也对应变更为“红沙蚺”(Eryx miliaris)及“东方沙蚺”(E. tataricus) (表10)。

表10   蔡波等(2015)名录相比, 本文名录中分类未发生变动、仅中文名发生变化的部分爬行动物科、属及物种。“原中文名”指蔡波等(2015)或相关文献使用的中文名。

Table 10  Proposed changes for the Chinese common names for some of the reptilian species of China. The former Chinese common names refer to the ones used in the previous reptilian checklist by Cai et al (2015)

学名
Scientific name
原中文名
Previous Chinese common name
建议修改的中文名
Revised Chinese common name
科 Family
Boidae蟒科蚺科
Lamprophiidae鳗形蛇科屋蛇科
Pythonidae蚺科蟒科
属 Genus
Coelognathus三索蛇属颌腔蛇属
Cyrtodactylus弯脚虎属裸趾虎属
Eryx沙蟒属沙蚺属
Lycodon链蛇属白环蛇属
Platyceps红鞭蛇属扁头蛇属
Python 蚺属蟒属
Xenochrophis异色蛇属渔游蛇属
种 Species
Coelognathus radiatus三索蛇三索锦蛇
Elaphe cantoris坎氏晨蛇坎氏锦蛇
Elaphe hodgsonii南峰晨蛇南峰锦蛇
Elaphe moellendorffi百花晨蛇百花锦蛇
Elaphe taeniura黑眉晨蛇黑眉锦蛇
Eremias quadrifrons方额麻蜥四额鳞麻蜥
Eryx miliaris红沙蟒红沙蚺
Eryx tataricus东方沙蟒东方沙蚺
Euprepiophis mandarinus玉斑蛇玉斑锦蛇
Euprepiophis perlaceus横斑玉斑蛇横斑锦蛇
Hemorrhois ravergieri密纹蛇花脊游蛇
Himalayophis tibetanus西藏喜山蝮西藏竹叶青蛇
Hypsiscopus plumbea铅色蛇铅色水蛇
Lycodon fasciatus双全链蛇双全白环蛇
Lycodon futsingensis福清链蛇福清白环蛇
Lycodon gongshan贡山链蛇贡山白环蛇
Lycodon laoensis老挝链蛇老挝白环蛇
Lycodon liuchengchaoi刘氏链蛇刘氏白环蛇
Lycodon multizonatus横纹链蛇横纹白环蛇
Lycodon ruhstrati黑背链蛇黑背白环蛇
Lycodon septentrionalis北链蛇白链蛇
Lycodon subcinctus细白链蛇细白环蛇
Lycodon synaptor东川链蛇东川白环蛇
Myrrophis bennettii黑斑沼蛇黑斑水蛇
Myrrophis chinensis中国沼蛇中国水蛇
Oreocryptophis porphyraceus紫灰蛇紫灰锦蛇
Orientocoluber spinalis黄脊东方蛇黄脊游蛇
Platyceps rhodorachis简氏红鞭蛇红脊扁头蛇
Popeia popeorum坡普蝮坡普竹叶青蛇
Subsessor bocourti腹斑蛇腹斑水蛇
Thermophis baileyi温泉蛇西藏温泉蛇
Viridovipera gumprechti冈氏绿蝮冈氏竹叶青蛇
Viridovipera medoensis墨脱绿蝮墨脱竹叶青蛇
Viridovipera stejnegeri福建绿蝮福建竹叶青蛇
Viridovipera yunnanensis云南绿蝮云南竹叶青蛇
Xenochrophis flavipunctatus黄斑异色蛇黄斑渔游蛇
Xenochrophis piscator异色蛇渔游蛇

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依据拉丁文词源, 并接受王剀等(2019a)的建议, 将红鞭蛇属Platyceps (郭克疾等, 2018)中文名修改为“扁头蛇属”, 而Platyceps rhodorachis中文名由“简氏红鞭蛇”修改为“红脊扁头蛇”。接受郭鹏等(2008)的建议, 将Thermophis baileyi中文名由“温泉蛇”修改为“西藏温泉蛇”。由于近期名录中Lamprophiidae的中文名“鳗形蛇科”既与拉丁文词源不符(Lampr-为希腊语, 意为“发光的”)、同时也未遵从以往中文资料中的习惯用法(模式属Lamprophis为“屋蛇属”; 赵尔宓等, 1993), 在此将Lamprophiidae的中文名由“鳗形蛇科”修改为“屋蛇科”。依据拉丁文词源, 本文将Coelognathus中文名由“三索蛇属”修改为“颌腔蛇属”, 而其属下物种中文名恢复为先前惯用的“三索锦蛇”(Coelognathus radiatus) (表10)。

依据以往中文资料的习惯用法, 建议将原蔡波等(2015)名录中修改的以下中文名统一恢复为修改前的惯用中文名称: Xenochrophis的中文名由“异色蛇属”恢复为“渔游蛇属”, 其属下物种中文名相应恢复为“渔游蛇”(Xenochrophis piscator)和“黄斑渔游蛇”(X. flavipunctatus); 将Lycodon的中文名称由“链蛇属”恢复为“白环蛇属”, 而其属内物种原隶属于Dinodon属、已有惯用中文名、且蔡波等(2015)未进行变动的, 则保留其中文名称, 包括“黄链蛇”(L. flavozonatus)、“南方链蛇”(L. meridionalis)、“粉链蛇”(L. rosozonatus)、“赤链蛇”(L. rufozonatus)和“白链蛇”(L. septentrionalis), 而对于蔡波等(2015)改动的, 则恢复其先前惯用名称, 即将L. aulicus由“白环链蛇”恢复为“白环蛇”、L. fasciatus由“双全链蛇”恢复为“双全白环蛇”、L. laoensis由“老挝链蛇”恢复为“老挝白环蛇”、L. ruhstrati由“黑背链蛇”恢复为“黑背白环蛇”、L. septentrionalis由“北链蛇”恢复为“白链蛇”、L. subcinctus由“细白链蛇”恢复为“细白环蛇”; 将原广义锦蛇属(Elaphe sensu lato)物种的中文名恢复为原惯用名, 即将E. moellendorffi中文名由“百花晨蛇”恢复为“百花锦蛇”、E. taeniurus由“黑眉晨蛇”恢复为“黑眉锦蛇”、E. hodgsonii由“南峰晨蛇”恢复为“南峰锦蛇”、E. cantoris由“坎氏晨蛇”恢复为“坎氏锦蛇”, Gonyosoma prasinum由“绿蛇”恢复为“绿锦蛇”、G. frenatum由“灰腹绿蛇”恢复为“灰腹绿锦蛇”, Euprepiophis mandarinus由“玉斑蛇”恢复为“玉斑锦蛇”、Euprepiophis perlaceus由“横纹玉斑蛇”恢复为“横斑锦蛇”, Oreocryptophis porphyraceus由“紫灰蛇”恢复为“紫灰锦蛇”, 而对于蔡波等(2015)名录中收录的广义锦蛇属中剩余有效属的中文名称, 则在此保留, 即“紫灰蛇属”Oreocryptophis和“玉斑蛇属”Euprepiophis; 将Hemorrhois ravergieri中文名由“秘纹蛇”恢复为“花脊游蛇”; 将Orientocoluber spinalis中文名由“黄脊东方蛇”恢复为“黄脊游蛇”; 在保留蔡波等(2015)使用的属中文名的情况下, 将原广义竹叶青属Trimeresurus sensu lato物种统一恢复为原惯用中文名, 即将Viridovipera medoensis中文名由“墨脱绿蝮”恢复为“墨脱竹叶青蛇”, 由V. yunnanensis由“云南绿蝮”恢复为“云南竹叶青蛇”、V. stejnegeri由“福建绿蝮”恢复为“福建竹叶青蛇”、Himalayophis tibetanus由“西藏喜山蝮”恢复为“西藏竹叶青蛇”; 将Myrrophis chinensis由“中国沼蛇”恢复为“中国水蛇”、M. bennettii由“黑斑沼蛇”恢复为“黑斑水蛇”、Hypsiscopus plumbea由“铅色蛇”恢复为“铅色水蛇”、Subsessor bocourti由“腹斑蛇”恢复为“腹斑水蛇”; 将Eremias quadrifrons的中文名恢复为先前文献中惯用的“四额鳞麻蜥”(表10)。

对于白环蛇属近期发现或恢复有效性的物种、由于Lycodon multizonatus的原惯用中文名“横纹小头蛇”与现小头蛇属(Oligodon)物种易发生混淆, 故建议修改为“横纹白环蛇”; 而剩余未有惯用中文名的物种, 为保持该属中文名最大程度一致性, 建议对其中文名做出修改, 即将Lycodon futsingensis由“福清链蛇”修改为“福清白环蛇”、Lycodon gongshan中文名由“贡山链蛇”修改为“贡山白环蛇”、Lycodon liuchengchaoi由“刘氏链蛇”修改为“刘氏白环蛇”、Lycodon synaptor由“东川链蛇”修改为“东川白环蛇”。类似地, 对于广义竹叶青属中先前中文文献中未做记载的Viridovipera gumprechtiPopeia popeorum, 中文名则分别由“冈氏绿蝮”和“坡普蝮”更改为“冈氏竹叶青蛇”和“坡普竹叶青蛇”; 对于Sinovipera sichuanensis则遵从原文, 保留其物种中文名, 即“四川华蝮”(表5)。

对于近期高阶元分类变动的类群, 对于以往文献中存在惯用名称的, 采纳以往惯用名称: Japalura中文名沿用“攀蜥属”, 而主要分布于我国西南地区及台湾岛的Diploderma中文名则使用先前使用的“龙蜥属”(赵尔宓等, 1999; 赵尔宓, 2004); 相应地, 其属内对应物种的中文名也做出了改变; Pseudoagkistrodon的中文名沿用其次定同物异名Macropisthodon在中文文献中的名称“颈棱蛇属”(赵尔宓等, 1998; 赵尔宓, 2004, 2006), 而P. rudis中文名亦保留“颈棱蛇”; 新属Smithophis此前被误定为Rhabdops, 故沿用后者的中文名, 而Rhabdops的中文名在以往文献中不统一, 或“杆蛇属”(赵尔宓等, 1993)、或“黄腹杆蛇属”(赵尔宓等, 1998; 赵尔宓, 2006; 蔡波等, 2015), 然而后者的“黄腹”一词既无语源学支持, 又对该属的鉴别无特殊意义, 故本文采纳前者, 将Smithophis中文名修改为“杆蛇属”, 而该类群在我国所涉及物种Smithophis bicolor的中文名保持不变, 即“黄腹杆蛇”; 对于新划入树蜥属的Calotes paulus, 其中文名保持不变, 即“异鳞蜥”。

对于分类变动时已明确给出中文名修改建议的, 则采纳文献意见: Trimerodytes中文名采用“环游蛇属”, 其属内除模式种外的其他物种中文名保持不变, 而其模式种Trimerodytes balteatus中文名修改为“横纹环游蛇” (Ren et al, 2019) (表1, 2)。

3 小结及展望

2015-2019年中国两栖、爬行动物累计新发现描述和恢复有效性的两栖动物共计74种、爬行动物42种。整体来看, 新物种描述的数量随着新技术手段的运用及分类工作的系统开展呈逐年稳定增加的态势(王剀和蒋珂, 2016; 王剀和陈宏满, 2017; 王剀等, 2018, 2019a), 提示我国两栖爬行动物多样性仍处于被低估的状态。

在此次名录整理过程中发现, 以下四方面问题较为突出, 值得关注: (1)部分“广布种”实际上由多个隐存物种组成, 形态上较为保守而缺少研究, 这一现象在部分类群中较为普遍, 如角蟾属(Chen JM et al, 2017; Wang J et al, 2017, 2019c; Yang et al, 2018a; Wang L et al, 2019)、掌突蟾属(Yang et al, 2016b, 2018b; Chen JM et al, 2018; Yuan et al, 2017; Wang J et al, 2018a)、亚洲蝮属(史静耸等, 2016; Shi et al, 2017, 2018; Wang K et al, 2019e)和龙蜥属(Wang K et al, 2015, 2016, 2019d, 2019f; 王剀等, 2019b)等; (2)部分研究发现, 同属物种同域分布的现象也比较突出(Chen JM et al, 2017, 2018), 建议开展深入的整合研究, 包括基础生态学数据收集(鸣声数据、繁殖行为等)和DNA遗传学数据的整合分析, 以有助于加深对物种成种机制的理解; (3)鉴于我国西南边境省份或自治区(如云南、西藏及广西; 表5, 8)持续发现已知物种的新纪录, 建议加强我国边境地区的调查研究, 开展跨境、跨区域比较研究工作; (4)部分依据早期文献的物种纪录明显存疑, 但由于缺乏关注或存在客观困难(如模式产地或模式标本遗失或未知), 长期未得到确认与解决, 建议在后期工作中得到加强: 其中部分物种在以往及本名录中已有收录, 如记录于我国海南的长棘蜥(Acanthosaura armata) (赵尔宓等, 1999; 史海涛等, 2011)及记录于香港的侏蜥(Lygosoma bowringii) (赵尔宓等, 1999), 而另一部分物种仅在早期文献中有过记录, 但后期名录中长期未做收录或讨论(赵尔宓等, 1998, 1999; 赵尔宓, 2006; 蔡波等, 2015), 本名录也暂未收录, 如黄腹颈槽蛇(Rhabdophis chrysargos) (Boulenger, 1893; Pope, 1935)、敦煌沙蚺(Eryx dunhuangensis) (李胜忠和王国英, 1989)以及爪哇蝘蜓(Lygosoma quadrupes) (Smith, 1935; Geissler et al, 2011; Siler et al, 2018)。

除上述物种阶元的分类变动外, 整体上两栖爬行动物高级分类阶元的变动也较为频繁, 特别是部分科、属阶元的分类划分仍存在争议。随着研究的不断推进, 本文所总结整理的部分分类体系在将来也会面临进一步的变动。对于今后针对高阶元分类的研究, 我们建议: (1)充分考虑目前系统学研究进展, 在遵循分类单系性原则的基础上, 综合考虑形态鉴别及分类的可操作性; (2)在系统学研究中, 充分考虑我国物种在国外的近缘类群, 尤其是关键科、属、种的模式代表, 以形成对中国分布物种类群更全面、正确的系统演化关系的认识; (3)在系统发育关系未得到解决的情况下, 不建议对属级及以上的高阶元分类进行变动, 而以分子数据为基础进行系统发育关系构建时, 应结合核基因的多基因片段开展研究; (4)高阶元分类发生变动时, 各分类阶元中文名应最大程度保持稳定, 特别是物种中文名, 不建议跟随高阶元分类变动而发生频繁改变。

附录 Supplementary Material

附录1 中国现生、原生两栖动物更新名录

Appendix 1 The updated checklist of extent, native amphibian species of China

附录2 中国现生、原生爬行动物更新名录

Appendix 2 The updated checklist of extent, native reptile species of China

致谢

感谢江建平(中国科学院成都生物研究所)、郭克疾(国家林业局中南林业调查规划设计院)、吴云鹤(中国科学院昆明动物研究所)及齐硕(沈阳师范大学)提供的宝贵建议及讨论。

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DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.10.029      URL     PMID:30393185      [本文引用: 1]

Late Cenozoic stepwise aridification has transformed Central Asia into an arid environment, and the Pleistocene climatic oscillations exerted further ecological impact. Therefore, both aridification and glaciation would have considerably influenced the evolution of many midlatitude species in arid Central Asia (ACA). However, strong biotic evidence supporting this role is still lacking. Here, we test this perspective using a phylogeographic study of Eremias velox, which is an arid-adapted lizard, across ACA using sequences from mitochondrial cytochrome b and 12S rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analyses of the concatenated data, including 595 specimens from 107 localities, revealed ten geographically correlated lineages that diverged by 1.1-15.4% for the cytochrome b gene and 1.0-10.3% for the 12S rRNA gene, which were estimated to have coalesced ∼6.23 million years ago. Ancestral area estimations suggested that E. velox originated from the Iranian Plateau and then dispersed into Central Asia. The intensification of aridification across Central Asia during the Late Pliocene may have facilitated the rapid radiation of this arid-adapted lizard throughout this vast territory. Subsequently, the geological events (e.g., uplift of the Kopet-Dagh, Tianshan and Greater Caucasus Mountains) and glacial oscillations during the Pleistocene triggered the progressive diversification of E. velox. The most recent common ancestor of the Caucasus-Central Asia clade was dated to approximately 2.05 Ma. Specifically, the diversification between the Caucasus clade (VI, VII) and the Central Asia clade (VIII, IX, X), and within the Central Asia clade may have been established and partially maintained by repeated transgressions of the Caspian Sea during the Pleistocene and Holocene. In contrast to demographic and/or range contractions in response to climatic changes during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) of the populations (Clades VI and X) from the Caucasus-Central Asia clade, mitochondrial evidence and ecological niche modeling support the signature of demographic and range expansions during the LGM for the Clade V populations (E. v. roborowskii, being endemic to the Turpan Depression). The effect of Pleistocene climatic changes on the historical demography of this arid-adapted species may be lineage-specific, depending predominantly on animal physiology and geography. Finally, we discuss the taxonomic implications, such as the appearance of the Turkmenistan populations as a distinct species, and E. v. roborowskii deserving a full species status.

Liu S, Rao DQ (2019)

A new species of the genus Acanthosaura from Yunnan, China (Squamata, Agamidae)

Zookey, 888, 105-132.

DOI:10.3897/zookeys.888.38491      URL     [本文引用: 2]

Lu LL, Lv ZT, Wang J, Wang YY (2016)

First record and re-description of Odorrana yentuensis from China

Chinese Journal of Wildlife, 37, 390-394. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[本文引用: 1]

[ 卢琳琳, 吕植桐, 王健, 王英永 (2016)

安子山臭蛙(Odorrana yentuensis)的中国新分布纪录及其补充描述

野生动物学报, 37, 390-394.]

[本文引用: 1]

Lyu ZT, Zeng ZC, Wang J, Lin CY, Liu ZY, Wang YY (2017)

Resurrection of genus Nidirana (Anura: Ranidae) and synonymizing N. caldwelli with N. adenopleura, with description of a new species from China

Amphibia-Reptilia, 38, 483-502.

[本文引用: 7]

Lyu ZT, Wu J, Wang J, Sung YH, Liu ZY, Zeng ZC, Wang X, Li YY, Wang YY (2018)

A new species of Amolops (Anura: Ranidae) from southwestern Guangdong, China

Zootaxa, 4418, 562-576.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4418.6.4      URL     PMID:30313564      [本文引用: 2]

A new species, Amolops yunkaiensis sp. nov. is described based on a series of specimens from Ehuangzhang Nature Reserve and Yunkaishan Nature Reserve, southwestern Guangdong Province, China. The new species can be distinguished from all known congeners by molecular divergence in the mitochondrial 16S rRNA, 12S rRNA and CO1 genes, and a combination of the following characters: relatively small body size, SVL 31.8-34.1 mm in adult males, 35.2-39.0 mm in adult females; numerous raised large warts on dorsum and flanks; dorsal body olive-brown or light brown with dark brown blotches; absence of vomerine teeth; absence of tarsal glands; presence of a pair of subgular vocal sacs, nuptial spines on the first finger, and sparse translucent tubercles on the lower jaw, forechest, posterior belly and ventral thigh in male. Hence, the genus Amolops contains 52 species, 29 of which occur in China.

Lyu ZT, Huang LS, Wang J, Li YQ, Chen HH, Qi S, Wang YY (2019a)

Description of two cryptic species of the Amolop sricketti group (Anura, Ranidae) from southeastern China

ZooKeys, 812, 133-156.

DOI:10.3897/zookeys.812.29956      URL     PMID:30636913      [本文引用: 4]

Two cryptic species, which were previously reported as Amolopsricketti, are revealed on the basis of significant morphological and genetic divergences. Amolopssinensissp. n. from central Guangdong, northeastern Guangxi and southwestern Hunan can be distinguished by the longitudinal glandular folds on the skin of the shoulders and other character combinations. Amolopsyatsenisp. n. from the coastal hills of west Guangdong can be distinguished by the dense tiny round translucent, or white, spines on the dorsal skin of the body, dorsal and dorsolateral skin of the limbs, and other character combinations. The phylogenetic interrelationships of the A.ricketti group have been inferred as (A.wuyiensis + A.ricketti) + (A.yunkaiensis + (A.albispinus + (A.sinensissp. n. + A.yatsenisp. n.))). This work indicates that the current records of A.ricketti might be a species complex composed of multiple species, and further work is needed to figure out this puzzle.

Lyu ZT, Mo YM, Wan H, Li YL, Pang H, Wang YY (2019b)

Description of a new species of Music frogs (Anura, Ranidae, Nidirana) from Mt. Dayao, southern China

ZooKeys, 858, 109-126.

DOI:10.3897/zookeys.858.34363      URL     PMID:31312093      [本文引用: 2]

A new species of Music frogs, Nidiranayaoicasp. nov. is described based on a series of adult male specimens collected from Mt Dayao, Guangxi, southern China, providing valuable new information on the phylogeny, bioacoustics, and biogeography of related species within the genus Nidirana. The new species forms the sister taxon to N.daunchina from western China and together the sister taxon to N.chapaensis from northern Vietnam. Nidiranayaoicasp. nov. can be distinguished from all known congeners by a significant genetic divergence in the mitochondrial 16S and CO1 genes, the advertisement call containing 1-3 rapidly repeated regular notes, and the combination of morphological characteristics including a medium-sized body with SVL 40.4-45.9 mm in adult males; lateroventral grooves on every digit, not meeting at the tip of disk; tibio-tarsal articulation reaching the nostril; the presence of a pair of subgular vocal sacs in males; and one single developed nuptial pad on dorsal surface of first finger in males.

Lyu ZT, Zeng ZC, Wan H, Yang JH, Li YL, Pang H, Wang YY (2019c)

A new species of Amolops (Anura: Ranidae) from China, with taxonomic comments on A. liangshanensis and Chinese populations of A. marmoratus

Zootaxa, 4609, 247-268.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4609.2.3      URL     PMID:31717106      [本文引用: 4]

Amolops shuichengicus sp. nov., a new species of the A. mantzorum group is described from Guizhou, southwest China, on the basis of significant molecular divergences in 16S + CO1 genes and the combination of morphological characteristics: small body size, SVL 34.6-39.6 mm in adult males and 48.5-55.5 mm in adult females; dorsal skin relatively smooth; presence of vomerine teeth; presence of cream maxillary gland from lower edge of eye to the anterior of supratympanic fold; presence of supratympanic folds and glandular dorsolateral folds; tympanum indistinct; absence of a circummarginal groove on the disk of the first finger; presence of supernumerary tubercles below the base of fingers III and IV; absence of outer metatarsal tubercle and tarsal glands; males without vocal sacs. In addition, evidenced by the phylogenetic analyses in this study and literature data, we suggest that A. liangshanensis should be synonymized with A. loloensis and the records of A. marmoratus in Yunnan, China should be referred to A. afghanus. Following our proposal, the genus Amolops contains 57 species, with 32 recorded from China.

Macey JR, Schulte JA II, Larson A, Ananjeva NB, Wang Y, Pethiyagoda R, Rastegar-Pouyani N, Papenfuss TJ (2000)

Evaluating trans-tethys migrateon: An example using acrodont lizards phylogenetics

Systematic Biology, 49, 233-256.

DOI:10.1093/sysbio/49.2.233      URL     PMID:12118407      [本文引用: 1]

A phylogenetic tree for acrodont lizards (Chamaeleonidae and Agamidae) is established based on 1434 bases (1041 informative) of aligned DNA positions from a 1685-1778 base pair region of the mitochondrial genome. Sequences from three protein-coding genes (ND1, ND2, and COI) are combined with sequences from eight intervening tRNA genes for samples of 70 acrodont taxa and two outgroups. Parsimony analysis of nucleotide sequences identifies eight major clades in the Acrodonta. Most agamid lizards are placed into three distinct clades. One clade is composed of all taxa occurring in Australia and New Guinea; Physignathus cocincinus from Southeast Asia is the sister taxon to the Australia-New Guinea clade. A second clade is composed of taxa occurring from Tibet and the Indian Subcontinent east through South and East Asia. A third clade is composed of taxa occurring from Africa east through Arabia and West Asia to Tibet and the Indian Subcontinent. These three clades contain all agamid lizards except Uromastyx, Leiolepis, and Hydrosaurus, which represent three additional clades of the Agamidae. The Chamaeleonidae forms another clade weakly supported as the sister taxon to the Agamidae. All eight clades of the Acrodonta contain members occurring on land masses derived from Gondwanaland. A hypothesis of agamid lizards rafting with Gondwanan plates is examined statistically. This hypothesis suggests that the African/West Asian clade is of African or Indian origin, and the South Asian clade is either of Indian or Southeast Asian origin. The shortest tree suggests a possible African origin for the former and an Indian origin for the latter, but this result is not statistically robust. The Australia-New Guinea clade rafted with the Australia-New Guinea plate and forms the sister group to a Southeast Asian taxon that occurs on plates that broke from northern Australia-New Guinea. Other acrodont taxa are inferred to be associated with the plates of Afro-Arabia and Madagascar (Chameleonidae), India (Uromastyx), or southeast Asia (Hydrosaurus and Leiolepis). Introduction of different biotic elements to Asia by way of separate Gondwanan plates may be a major theme of Asian biogeography. Three historical events may be responsible for the sharp faunal barrier between Southeast Asia and Australia-New Guinea, known as Wallace's line: (1) primary vicariance caused by plate separations; (2) secondary contact of Southeast Asian plates with Eurasia, leading to dispersal from Eurasia into Southeast Asia, and (3) dispersal of the Indian fauna (after collision of that subcontinent) to Southeast Asia. Acrodont lizards show the first and third of these biogeographic patterns and anguid lizards exhibit the second pattern. Modern faunal diversity may be influenced primarily by historical events such as tectonic collisions and land bridge connections, which are expected to promote episodic turnover of continental faunas by introducing new faunal elements into an area. Repeated tectonic collisions may be one of the most important phenomena promoting continental biodiversity. Phylogenetics is a powerful method for investigating these processes.

Mahony S (2010)

Systematic and taxonomic revaluation of four little known Asian agamid species, Calotes kingdonwardi Smith, 1935, Japalura kaulbacki Smith, 1937, Salea kakhienensis Anderson, 1879 and the monotypic genus Mictopholis Smith, 1935 (Reptilia: Agamidae)

Zootaxa, 2514, 1-23.

[本文引用: 2]

Mahony S, Foley NM, Biju SD, Teeling EC (2017)

Evolutionary history of the Asian horned frogs (Megophryinae): Integrative approaches to timetree dating in the absence of a fossil record

Molecular Biology and Evolution, 34, 744-771.

DOI:10.1093/molbev/msw267      URL     PMID:28100792      [本文引用: 3]

Molecular dating studies typically need fossils to calibrate the analyses. Unfortunately, the fossil record is extremely poor or presently nonexistent for many species groups, rendering such dating analysis difficult. One such group is the Asian horned frogs (Megophryinae). Sampling all generic nomina, we combined a novel ∼5 kb dataset composed of four nuclear and three mitochondrial gene fragments to produce a robust phylogeny, with an extensive external morphological study to produce a working taxonomy for the group. Expanding the molecular dataset to include out-groups of fossil-represented ancestral anuran families, we compared the priorless RelTime dating method with the widely used prior-based Bayesian timetree method, MCMCtree, utilizing a novel combination of fossil priors for anuran phylogenetic dating. The phylogeny was then subjected to ancestral phylogeographic analyses, and dating estimates were compared with likely biogeographic vicariant events. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that previously proposed systematic hypotheses were incorrect due to the paraphyly of genera. Molecular phylogenetic, morphological, and timetree results support the recognition of Megophryinae as a single genus, Megophrys, with a subgenus level classification. Timetree results using RelTime better corresponded with the known fossil record for the out-group anuran tree. For the priorless in-group, it also outperformed MCMCtree when node date estimates were compared with likely influential historical biogeographic events, providing novel insights into the evolutionary history of this pan-Asian anuran group. Given a relatively small molecular dataset, and limited prior knowledge, this study demonstrates that the computationally rapid RelTime dating tool may outperform more popular and complex prior reliant timetree methodologies.

Manthey U (2010)

Agamid Lizards of Southern Asia—Draconinae 2, Leiolepidinae

Chimaira, Hesse.

[本文引用: 1]

Melville J, Hale J, Mantziou G, Ananjeva NB, Milto K, Clemann N (2009)

Historical biogeography, phylogenyetic relationships and intraspecific diversity of agamid lizards in the Central Asian deserts of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 53, 99-112.

DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.05.011      URL     [本文引用: 1]

Abstract

The Central Asian agamid lizards are ecologically and morphologically diverse, occurring across a broad range of desert environments in this biogeographically important region. It is probable that past climatic shifts have significantly influenced the diversification patterns and distributions of the agamid lizards of this region. To assess this within a phylogenetic framework we sequenced a ∼1200 bp region of mitochondrial DNA and a ∼1200 bp nuclear gene (RAG-1), incorporating both inter- and intraspecific sampling across Central Asian agamids. Our topology and divergence time estimates support an Eocene origin of the Agaminae subfamily on the Indian subcontinent, coinciding with the collision of India into Eurasia. The onset of aridification in Central Asia during the Late Oligocene, resulting from the retreat of the Paratethys Sea and the intensified uplift of the Tibetan–Himalayan complex, probably played an important role in the diversification of Phrynocephalus, one of the three genera studied. Intensification of aridity and geologic events in the Plio-Pleistocene and Quaternary glacial cycling probably had a significant influence on intraspecific diversification patterns within Phrynocephalus.

Messenger K, Dahn H, Liang Y, Xie P, Wang Y, Lu C (2019)

A new species of the genus Megophrys Gunther, 1864 (Amphibia: Anura: Megophryidae) from Mount Wuyi, China

Zootaxa, 4554, 561-583.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4554.2.9      URL     PMID:30790977      [本文引用: 2]

A new species of horned toad, Megophrys ombrophila sp. nov., is described based on specimens found from Guadun village from Mount Wuyi in northwestern Fujian Province, China. The species is distinguished from other described Megophrys by morphology, bioacoustics, and molecular data of the 12S and 16S mitochondrial loci. The species is characterized by its rotund stature, head length approximately equal to head width, canthus rostralis well developed, tympanum large and distinct, vomerine teeth absent, margin of tongue smooth, not notched from behind, heels of the feet not meeting when femurs are held at 90° to the axis of the body and tibias are depressed against the femur, toes weakly webbed at base, dorsal skin mostly smooth with scattered granules and ridges, usually the presence of two discontinuous dorsolateral ridges, supratympanic fold distinct and well-developed, and with females ranging from 32.8-35 mm snout-to-vent length, and males ranging from 27.4-34.5 mm SVL. In its type locality, the species is sympatric with M. boettgeri and M. kuatunensis; and phylogenetically, the most closely related described species is M. obesa from southwest Guangdong province. As more cryptic species are described within the subfamily Megophryinae, the more apparent becomes the need for fine-scale molecular and phenotypic assessment to capture the many forms of this hyper-diverse group.

Mo YM, Chen WC, Wu H, Zhang W, Zhou SC (2015)

A new species of Odorrana inhabiting complete darkness in a karst cave in Guangxi, China

Asian Herpetological Research, 6, 11-17.

[本文引用: 2]

Mo YM, Chen WC, Liao XW, Zhou SC (2016)

A new species of the genus Rhacophorus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Southern China

Asian Herpetological Reserch, 7, 139-150.

[本文引用: 2]

Murphy JC, Chan-ard T, Mekchai S, Cota M, Voris HK (2008)

The rediscovery of Angel’s Stream Snake, Paratapinophis praemaxillaris Angel, 1929 (Reptilia: Serpentes: Natricidae)

The Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University, 8, 169-183.

[本文引用: 2]

Nicodemo P, Bain RH (2007)

Geographic distribution note on Dendrelaphis ngansonensis in China

Herpetological Review, 38, 355.

[本文引用: 2]

Nishikawa K, Rao D, Matsui M, Eto K (2015)

Taxonomic relationship between Tylototriton daweishanensis Zhao, Rao, Liu, Li and Yuan, 2012 and T. yangi Hou, Li and Lu, 2012 (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae)

Current Herpetology, 34, 67-74.

[本文引用: 2]

Ohler A, Deuti K (2018)

Polypedates smaragdinus Blyth, 1852 a senior subjective synonym of Rhacophorus maximus Günther, 1858

Zootaxa, 4375, 273-280.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4375.2.7      URL     PMID:29689774      [本文引用: 2]

After more than 160 years, the onomatophores (name-bearing types) of Polypedates smaragdinus Blyth, 1852 were located in the collection of the ZSI (Kolkata, India). This allowed to study the specimens, to identify them and to propose an allocation of this nomen to the taxon Rhacophorus maximus. To stabilize nomenclatural and taxonomic issues, a lectophoront (lectotype) is designated for Polypedates smaragdinus Blyth, 1852 and described. A formal synonymy list is given. The species currently known as Rhacophorus maximus Günther, 1864 should now bear the nomen Rhacophorus smaragdinus (Blyth, 1852).

Agarwal I, Mahony S, Giri VB, Chaitanya R, Bauer AM (2018)

Two new species of bent toed geckos, Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Northeast India with comments on name-bearing types from the region

Zootaxa, 4420, 334-356.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4420.3.2      URL     PMID:30313531      [本文引用: 3]

Two new species of the genus Cyrtodactylus are described based on collections from Northeast India, and descriptions and diagnoses of previously described species and synonyms from the region are provided. One of the new species from lowland habitats in Tripura is medium sized, with a continuous series of precloacal pores, and is allied to C. ayeyarwadyensis from Myanmar; while the other new species from West Bengal is smaller, with both femoral and precloacal pores, and is related to C. gubernatoris from West Bengal and Sikkim. We designate a lectotype for Cyrtodactylus khasiensis and recognize the C. khasiensis synonym Gymnodactylus himalayicus as a valid species of Cyrtodactylus based on morphological evidence, and suggest the recognition of the last remaining subspecies of C. khasiensis, C. k. cayuensis, as a valid species based on geography and morphology. The stabilization of the taxa Cyrtodactylus khasiensis and C. gubernatoris with a limited subset of characters and specific distributional data, as well as the elevation of Cyrtodactylus himalayicus comb. nov. from synonymy, will allow the descriptions of many more Cyrtodactylus species from the region.

Annandale N (1908)

Description of a new species of lizard of the genus Salea from Assam

Records of the Indian Museum 2, 37-38.

[本文引用: 1]

Oliver AL, Prendini E, Kraus F, Raxworthy CJ (2015)

Systematics and biogeography of the Hylarana frog (Anura: Ranidae) radiation across tropical Australasia, Southeast Asia, and Africa

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 90, 176-192.

DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.05.001      URL     PMID:25987527      [本文引用: 1]

We present an inclusive molecular phylogeny for Hylarana across its global distribution, utilizing two mitochondrial and four nuclear gene regions for 69 of the 97 currently described species. We use phylogenetic methods to test monophyly of Hylarana, determine relationships among ten putative subgenera, identify major clades, reconstruct biogeographic history, and estimate continental dispersal dates. Results support Hylarana as a monophyletic group originating approximately 26.9MYA and comprising eight clades that partly correspond to currently described subgenera plus two new groups. The African and Australasian species each form clades embedded within a paraphyletic Southeast Asian group. We estimate that Africa and Australasia were colonized by Hylarana s.l. from SE Asia approximately 18.7 and 10.8MYA, respectively. Biogeographic reconstructions also support three separate colonization events in India from Southeast Asia. Examination of museum specimens identified morphological characters useful for delineating subgenera and species. We herein elevate all supported subgenera to genus rank and formally describe two new genera to produce a revised taxonomy congruent with our new phylogenetic and biogeographic findings.

Orlov NL, Barabanov AV (2000)

About the type localities for some species of the genus Gloydius Hoge et Romano-Hode, 1981 (Crotalinae: Viperidae: Serpentes)

Russian Journal of Herpetology, 7, 159-160.

[本文引用: 1]

Ota H (2000)

Japalura szechwanensis, a junior synonym of J. fasciata

Journal of Herpetology, 4, 611-614.

[本文引用: 6]

Pan T, Zhang YN, Wang H, Wu J, Kang X, Qian LF, Li K, Zhang Y, Chen JY, Rao DQ, Jiang JP, Zhang B (2017)

A new species of the genus Rhacophorus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Dabie Mountains in East China

Asian Herpetological Research, 8, 1-13.

[本文引用: 2]

AmphibianWeb (2015)

University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.

Http://amphibiaweb.org. (accessed 2015-12-31)

URL     [本文引用: 1]

Bauer AM, Masroor R, Titus-McQuillan J, Heinicke MP, Daza JD, Jackman TR (2013)

A preliminary phylogeny of the Palearctic naked-toed geckos (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae) with taxonomic implications

Zootaxa, 3599, 301-324.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.3599.4.1      URL     PMID:24613954      [本文引用: 1]

Palearctic naked-toed geckos are a group of gekkonid geckos that range from North Africa to northern India and western China, with their greatest diversity in Iran and Pakistan. Relationships among the constituent genera remain incompletely resolved and the monophyly of key genera remains unverified. Further, competing classifications are in current use and many species have been allocated to different genera by different authors. We used both mitochondrial (ND2) and nuclear genes (RAG1, PDC) to explore relationships among representatives of all but one genus in the group (Rhinogecko), including four genera not previously included in phylogenetic analyses (Asiocolotes, Altigekko, Indogekko, and Siwaligekko). Siwaligekko (and presumably other Tibeto-Himalayan species often referred to Cyrtopodion) are more closely related to tropical Asian Cyrtodactylus than to Palearctic naked-toed geckos. Sampled species of Asiocolotes and Altigekko are sister taxa, but both genera are here considered junior subjective synonyms of Altiphylax. Cyrtopodion sensu lato is non-monophyletic; Mediodactylus and Tenuidactylus, which have variably been considered as subgenera or synonyms of Cyrtopodion are both valid genera. Indogekko is embedded within Cyrtopodion and is here treated as a subgenus. Bunopus and Crossobamon are closely related to one-another, and with Agamura are interdigitated among taxa previously assigned to Cyrtopodion. Our data confirm the previous identification of a Saharo-Arabian Stenodactylus/Tropiocolotes/Pseudoceramodactylus clade and verify that Microgecko and Alsophylax are not members of the main clade of Palearctic naked-toed geckos. Osteological differences between Tropiocolotes and Microgecko, formerly treated as congeneric, are discussed and illustrated. The divergence between Cyrtodactylus and the Palearctic naked-toed clade predates the initial collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates, but deeper divergences within both groups are consistent with mountain building in the Himalayas and adjacent ranges as promoting cladogenic events. Miocene divergences within Tenuidactylus are consistent with vicariant speciation caused by uplift events in the Iranian and Transcaspian regions. Taxonomic implications of our phylogenetic results are discussed and a preliminary allocation of all species of padless Palearctic gekkonids to genus is provided.

Peng LF, Wang LJ, Ding L, Zhu YW, Luo J, Yang DC, Huang RY, Lu SQ, Huang S (2018)

A new species of the genus Sinomicrurus Slowinski, Boundy and Lawson, 2001 (Squamata: Elapidae) from Hainan Province, China

Asian Herpetological Research, 9, 65-73.

[本文引用: 2]

Pham TC, Nguyen TQ, Nguyen TT, Nguyen TV, Orlov NL, van Schingen M, Ziegler T (2018)

First record of Liuixalus feii Yang, Rao et Wang, 2015 (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Vietnam and taxonomic assignment of L. jinxiuensis Li, Mo, Xie et Jiang, 2015

Russian Journal of Herpetology, 25, 121-125.

[本文引用: 2]

Pope CH (1935)

The Reptiles of China

Natural History of Central Asia, Vol.10. American Museum of Natural History, New York.

[本文引用: 3]

Pyron RA, Burbrink FT, Wiens JJ (2013)

A phylogeny and revised claassification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes

BMC Evolutionary Biology, 13, 93.

DOI:10.1186/1471-2148-13-93      URL     PMID:23627680      [本文引用: 1]

The extant squamates (>9400 known species of lizards and snakes) are one of the most diverse and conspicuous radiations of terrestrial vertebrates, but no studies have attempted to reconstruct a phylogeny for the group with large-scale taxon sampling. Such an estimate is invaluable for comparative evolutionary studies, and to address their classification. Here, we present the first large-scale phylogenetic estimate for Squamata.

Bhosale HS, Gowande GG, Mirza ZA (2019)

A new species of fossorial natricid snakes of the genus Trachischium Günther, 1858 (Serpentes: Natricidae) from the Himalayas of northeastern India

Comptes Rendus Biologies, 342, 323-329.

DOI:10.1016/j.crvi.2019.10.003      URL     PMID:31757745      [本文引用: 2]

A new species of natricid snakes, Trachischium apteii sp. nov. is described from the northeastern Indian State of Arunachal Pradesh. The new species differs from its congeners in the following suite of characters: dorsal scales in 15:15:15 rows, SVL 293-299mm, higher ventral count 143-150, very faint dorsal longitudinal lines, absence of yellow patch on the neck and the belly being pale yellow. Preliminary discussion on the phylogenetic position of the members of the genus Trachischium is presented. This discovery of a new snake species advocates the need for dedicated surveys to document biodiversity across Arunachal Pradesh and the neighbouring States of northeastern India.

Böhme W (2003)

Checklist of the living monitor lizards of the world (family Varanidae)

Zoologische Verhandelingen, 341, 3-43.

[本文引用: 2]

Purkayastha J, David P (2019)

A new species of the snake genus Hebius Thompson from Northeast India (Squamata: Natricidae)

Zootaxa, 4555, 79-90.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4555.1.6      URL     PMID:30790948      [本文引用: 5]

A new species of the family Natricidae Bonaparte is described from a single specimen obtained in Arunachal State, northeastern India. On the basis of its external morphology and of its dentition on the upper maxilla, i.e. 24 + 3 distinctly enlarged teeth separated by a short diastema, it is referred to the genus Hebius Thompson. Hebius lacrima spec. nov. is distinguished from other species of the genera Hebius, Amphiesma Duméril, Bibron Duméril and Herpetoreas Günther, by the combination of an elongate body, 19 dorsal scale rows at midbody, a distinctive broad, white band on the supralabials interrupted by a dark blotch below the eye, absence of dorsolateral stripes replaced by series of transversally elliptical or divided dorsolateral spots, a cream venter with lateral dark blotches, and scales of the first dorsal scale row entirely smooth. The interrupted, broad, lateral stripe of the head differentiates Hebius lacrima spec. nov. from all other species of the genera Hebius and Herpetoreas inhabiting the Indo-Himalayan and Indochinese Regions. This new species is compared in detail with other Asian species of Natricidae having 19 dorsal scale rows.

Qi S, Yu GH, Lei B, Fan Y, Zhang DL, Dong ZW, Li PP, Orlov NL, Hou M (2018)

First record of Theloderma gordoni Taylor, 1962 from Yunnan Province, China

Russian Journal of Herpetology, 25, 43-55.

[本文引用: 1]

Böhme W, Ziegler T (1997)

On the synonymy and taxonomy of the Bengal monitor lizard, Varanus bengalensis (Daudin, 1802) complex (Sauria: Varanidae)

Amphibia-Reptilia, 18, 207-211.

[本文引用: 4]

Boulenger GA (1893)

Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History)

Order of the Trustees, Lodon.

[本文引用: 1]

Qi S, Zhou ZY, Lu YY, Li JL, Qin HH, Hou M, Zhang Y, Ma JZ, Li PP (2019a)

A new species of Nanorana (Anuran: Dicroglossidae) from southern Tibet, China

Russian Journal of Herpetology, 26, 159-174.

DOI:10.30906/1026-2296-2019-26-3-159-174      URL     [本文引用: 4]

Qi S, Zhou ZY, Lyu ZT, Lu YY, Wan H, Hou M, Guo KJ, Li PP (2019b)

Description of a new species of Amolops (Anura: Ranidae) from Tibet, China

Asian Herpetological Research, 10, 219-229.

[本文引用: 2]

Burbrink FT, Grazziotin FG, Pyron RA, Cundall D, Donnellan S, Irish F, Keogh JS, Kraus F, Murphy RW, Noonan B, Raxworthy CJ, Ruane S, Lemmon AR, Lemmon EM, Zaher H (2019)

Interrogating genomic-scale data for Squamata (lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians) shows no support for key traditional morphological relationships

Systematic Biology, syz062, https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syz062.

DOI:10.1093/sysbio/syz062      URL     PMID:31550008      [本文引用: 1]

Genomics is narrowing uncertainty in the phylogenetic structure for many amniote groups. For one of the most diverse and species-rich groups, the squamate reptiles (lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians), an inverse correlation between the number of taxa and loci sampled still persists across all publications using DNA sequence data and reaching a consensus on the relationships among them has been highly problematic. In this study, we use high-throughput sequence data from 289 samples covering 75 families of squamates to address phylogenetic affinities, estimate divergence times, and characterize residual topological uncertainty in the presence of genome-scale data. Importantly, we address genomic support for the traditional taxonomic groupings Scleroglossa and Macrostomata using novel machine-learning techniques. We interrogate genes using various metrics inherent to these loci, including parsimony-informative sites (PIS), phylogenetic informativeness, length, gaps, number of substitutions, and site concordance to understand why certain loci fail to find previously well-supported molecular clades and how they fail to support species-tree estimates. We show that both incomplete lineage sorting and poor gene-tree estimation (due to a few undesirable gene properties, such as an insufficient number of PIS), may account for most gene and species-tree discordance. We find overwhelming signal for Toxicofera, and also show that none of the loci included in this study supports Scleroglossa or Macrostomata. We comment on the origins and diversification of Squamata throughout the Mesozoic and underscore remaining uncertainties that persist in both deeper parts of the tree (e.g., relationships between Dibamia, Gekkota, and remaining squamates; among the three toxicoferan clades Iguania, Serpentes, and Anguiformes) and within specific clades (e.g., affinities among gekkotan, pleurodont iguanians, and colubroid families).

Cai B, Wang YZ, Chen YY, Li JT (2015)

A revised taxonomy for Chinese reptiles

Biodiversity Science, 23, 365-382. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[本文引用: 31]

Qian LF, Sun XN, Li JQ, Guo WB, Pan T, Kang X, Wang H, Jiang JP, Wu J, Zhang BW (2017)

A new species of the genus Tylototriton (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae) from the Southern Dabie Mountains in Anhui Province

Asian Herpetological Research, 8, 151-164.

[本文引用: 2]

Qin SB, Mo YM, Jiang K, Cai B, Xie F, Jiang JP, Murphy RW, Li JT, Wang YZ (2015)

Two new species of Liuixalus (Rhacophoridae, Anura): Evidence from morphological and molecular analyses

PLoS ONE, 10, e0136134.

DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0136134      URL     PMID:26305377      [本文引用: 2]

Due to small body sizes, superficial similarities in morphologies, and obscure activity behaviors, the phylogeny and taxonomy of species in the genus Liuixalus were very troublesome. Some species might comprise a complex of cryptic species. To investigate the species of group, we constructed the matrilineal genealogy of the genus using 16s rRNA mitochondrial DNA sequences. Analyses recovered six well supported matrilines that involved L. romeri, L. ocellatus, L. hainanus, L. calcarius, Liuixalus shiwandashan sp. nov. and Liuixalus jinxiuensis sp. nov., though the historical relationships among them remained unresolved. Currently, Liuixalus included 4 species, distributed eastwards from northern Vietnam to Hong Kong, China. Based on genealogical and morphological distinctiveness, we described Liuixalus jinxiuensis sp. nov. from the type locality Mt. Dayao, Jinxiu, China and Liuixalus shiwandashan sp. nov. from the type locality Mt. Shiwanda, China. A combination of morphological measurements, genetic, bioacoustic and osteological analysis was served to diagnose the new taxa.

[ 蔡波, 王跃招, 陈跃英, 李家堂 (2015)

中国爬行动物分类厘定

生物多样性, 23, 365-382.]

[本文引用: 31]

Captain A, Deepak V, Pandit R, Bhatt B, Athreya R (2019)

A new species of pitviper (Serpentes: Viperidae: Trimeresurus Lacepède, 1804) from West Kameng District, Arunachal Pradesh, India

Russian Journal of Herpetology, 26, 111-122.

[本文引用: 3]

Rao DQ, Yang DT (1996)

The preliminary researches on the Varanid species of Yunnan and their habitats,

habits and conservational situation Chinese Biodiversity, 4, 194-200. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[本文引用: 1]

[ 饶定齐, 杨大同 (1996)

云南巨蜥类物种多样性及其生境、习性和现状的初步调查

生物多样性, 4, 194-200.]

[本文引用: 1]

Chen JM, Zhou WW, Poyarkov NA, Stuart BL, Brown RM, Lathrop A, Wang YY, Yuan ZY, Jiang K, Hou M, Chen HM, Suwannapoomm C, Nguyen SG, Duong TV, Papenfuss TJ, Murphy RW, Zhang YP, Che J (2017)

A novel multilocus phylogenetic estimation reveals unrecognized diversity in Asian horned toads, genus Megophrys sensu lato (Anura: Megophryidae)

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 106, 28-43.

DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.09.004      URL     PMID:27622725      [本文引用: 5]

The horned toad assemblage, genus Megophrys sensu lato, currently includes three groups previously recognized as the genera Atympanophrys, Xenophrys and Megophrys sensu stricto. The taxonomic status and species composition of the three groups remain controversial due to conflicting phenotypic analyses and insufficient phylogenetic reconstruction; likewise, the position of the monotypic Borneophrys remains uncertain with respect to the horned toads. Further, the diversity of the horned toads remains poorly understood, especially for widespread species. Herein, we evaluate species-level diversity based on 45 of the 57 described species from throughout southern China, Southeast Asia and the Himalayas using Bayesian inference trees and the Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC) approach. We estimate the phylogeny using both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data. Analyses reveal statistically significant mito-nuclear discordance. All analyses resolve paraphyly for horned toads involving multiple strongly supported clades. These clades correspond with geography. We resurrect the genera Atympanophrys and Xenophrys from the synonymy of Megophrys to eliminate paraphyly of Megophrys s.l. and to account for the morphological, molecular and biogeographic differences among these groups, but we also provide an alternative option. Our study suggests that Borneophrys is junior synonym of Megophrys sensu stricto. We provide an estimation of timeframe for the horned toads. The mitochondrial and nuclear trees indicate the presence of many putative undescribed species. Widespread species, such as Xenophrys major and X. minor, likely have dramatically underestimated diversity. The integration of morphological and molecular evidence can validate this discovery. Montane forest dynamics appear to play a significant role in driving diversification of horned toads.

Chen JM, Poyarkov NA, Suwannapoom C, Lathrop A, Wu YH, Zhou WW, Yuan ZY, Jin JQ, Chen HM, Liu HQ, Nguyen TQ, Nguyen SN, Duong TV, Eto K, Nishikawa K, Matsui M, Orlov NL, Stuart BL, Brown RM, Rowley JJ, Murphy RW, Wang YY, Che J (2018)

Large-scale phylogenetic analyses provide insights into unrecognized diversity and historical biogeography of Asian leaf-litter frogs, genus Leptolalax (Anura: Megophryidae)

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 124, 162-171.

DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.02.020      URL     PMID:29530499      [本文引用: 6]

Southeast Asia and southern China (SEA-SC) harbor a highly diverse and endemic flora and fauna that is under increasing threat. An understanding of the biogeographical history and drivers of this diversity is lacking, especially in some of the most diverse and threatened groups. The Asian leaf-litter frog genus Leptolalax Dubois 1980 is a forest-dependent genus distributed throughout SEA-SC, making it an ideal study group to examine specific biogeographic hypotheses. In addition, the diversity of this genus remains poorly understood, and the phylogenetic relationships among species of Leptolalax and closely related Leptobrachella Smith 1928 remain unclear. Herein, we evaluate species-level diversity based on 48 of the 53 described species from throughout the distribution of Leptolalax. Molecular analyses reveal many undescribed species, mostly in southern China and Indochina. Our well-resolved phylogeny based on multiple nuclear DNA markers shows that Leptolalax is not monophyletic with respect to Leptobrachella and, thus, we assign the former to being a junior synonym of the latter. Similarly, analyses reject monophyly of the two subgenera of Leptolalax. The diversification pattern of the group is complex, involving a high degree of sympatry and prevalence of microendemic species. Northern Sundaland (Borneo) and eastern Indochina (Vietnam) appear to have played pivotal roles as geographical centers of diversification, and paleoclimatic changes and tectonic movements seem to have driven the major divergence of clades. Analyses fail to reject an "upstream" colonization hypothesis, and, thus, the genus appears to have originated in Sundaland and then colonized mainland Asia. Our results reveal that both vicariance and dispersal are responsible for current distribution patterns in the genus.

Rao DQ, Vindum JV, Ma X, Fu M, Wilkinson JA (2017)

A new species of Japalura (Squamata, Agamidae) from the Nu River Valley in Southern Hengduan Mountains, Yunnan, China

Asian Herpetological Research, 8, 86-95.

[本文引用: 2]

Ren JL, Wang K, Jiang K, Guo P, Li JT (2017)

A new species of the Southeast Asian genus Opisthotropis (Serpentes: Colubridae: Natricinae) from western Hunan, China

Zoological Research, 38, 251-263.

DOI:10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2017.068      URL     PMID:29181900      [本文引用: 2]

A new species of natricine snake of the Southeast Asian genus Opisthotropis Gü nther, 1872 is described from western Hunan Province of China based on both mitochondrial DNA and morphological data. The new species is morphologically most similar and genetically most closely related to O. cheni Zhao, 1999 and O. latouchii (Boulenger, 1899), but possesses considerable genetic divergence (p-distance 5.1%-16.7%) and can be differentiated from all other congeners by a combination of the following morphological characters: (1) body size large (total length 514-586 mm) and strongly built; (2) dorsal scale rows 17 throughout, feebly keeled anteriorly and moderately keeled posteriorly; (3) ventral scales 147-152, subcaudal scales 54-62; (4) preocular absent, loreal elongated and touching orbit; (5) supralabials 8-9, fifth and sixth entering obit; (6) anterior temporals short, length 1.74-2.04 times longer than width; (7) maxillary teeth subequal, 28-30; (8) dorsal surface of head with distinct irregular yellow stripes and markings edged with ochre; (9) body with clear black and yellow longitudinal streaks, partly fused to several lighter patches or thicker stripes anteriorly; and (10) venter pale yellow, with asymmetric blackish speckles along outer margin. We present an updated diagnostic key to all members of the genus Opisthotropis, and recommendations on the ecological study for the group are provided.

Chen WC, Bei YJ, Liao XW, Zhou SC, Mo YM (2018)

A new species of Gracixalus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from West Guangxi, China

Asian Herpetological Research, 9, 74-84.

[本文引用: 2]

Chen WC, Liao XW, Zhou SC, Mo YM (2019)

A new species of Leptobrachella (Anura: Megophryidae) from southern Guangxi, China

Zootaxa, 4563, 67-82.

[本文引用: 2]

Ren JL, Wang K, Nguyen TT, Hoang CV, Zhong GH, Jiang K, Guo P, Li JT (2018)

Taxonomic re-evaluation of the monotypic genus Pararhabdophis Bourret, 1934 (Squamata: Colubridae: Natricinae) with discovery of its type species, P. chapaensis, from China

Zootaxa, 4486, 31-56.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4486.1.2      URL     PMID:30313764      [本文引用: 2]

The Asian monotypic genus Pararhabdophis Bourret, 1934 has long been known from a single holotype of the type species Pararhabdophis chapaensis Bourret, 1934 only. The limited available information hampered the identification of the natricine species. On the basis of eight newly collected specimens of P. chapaensis from the type locality in Sa Pa, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam and from Pingbian, Yunnan Province in southwestern China, the taxonomic position of the genus Pararhabdophis was re-evaluated using both morphological and molecular datasets for the first time. Pararhabdophis chapaensis is nested within the genus Hebius Thompson, 1913 with strong support, and morphologically indistinguishable from the latter genus. As a consequence, we herein synonymize the genus Pararhabdophis with Hebius and discuss about the existing paraphyly of some Hebius species. In addition we report Hebius chapaensis for the first time from China and provide redescription and natural history data of this poorly known species. To facilitate future taxonomic work, an identification key to all known natricine genera from China and Vietnam is also provided.

Ren JL, Wang K, Guo P, Wang YY, Nguyen TT, Li JT (2019)

On the generic taxonomy of Opisthotropis balteata (Cope, 1895) (Squamata: Colubridae: Natricinae): Taxonomic revision of two Natricine genera

Asian Herpetological Research, 10, 105-128.

[本文引用: 6]

Chen X, McKelvy AD, Grismer LL, Matsui M, Nishikawa K, Burbrink F (2014)

The phylogenetic position and taxonomic status of the Rainbow Tree Snake Gonyophis margaritatus (Peters, 1871) (Squamata: Colubridae)

Zootaxa, 3881, 532-548.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.3881.6.3      URL     PMID:25543651      [本文引用: 4]

Molecular phylogenies have provided strong evidence for clarifying the taxonomy of groups with ambiguous morphological traits, thus avoiding potentially misleading conclusions based on evolutionary convergence of these traits. For snakes, established molecular databases along with new sequences from rare species allows us to estimate phylogenies, to clarify the phylogenetic relationships and test the monophyly of most taxonomic groups. Using one mitochondrial gene and five nuclear loci, we evaluate the taxonomic status of a rare Southeast Asian serpent, the Rainbow Tree Snake Gonyophis margaritatus (Squamata: Colubridae) by inferring a molecular phylogeny of 101 snake species. Both maximum likelihood and time- calibrated Bayesian inference phylogenies demonstrate that G. margaritatus is sister to Rhadinophis prasinus, previously considered to be part of a radiation of Old World ratsnakes. This group is in turn sister to a group containing Rhadinophis frenatus and Rhynchophis boulengeri with the entire clade originating in the mid-Miocene (~16 Ma) in Southeast Asia. This group is sister to the genus Gonyosoma and together originated in the early Miocene (~20 Ma). We discuss three potential solutions towards eliminating polyphyly of the genus Rhadinophis, but recommend using the genus name Gonyosoma for all species within this clade, which currently contains all of the species within the genera Gonyosoma, Gonyophis, Rhadinophis, and Rhynchophis. 

Chen X, Lemmon AR, Lemmon EM, Pyron RA, Burbrink FT (2017)

Using phylogenomics to understand the link between biogeographic origins and regional diversification in ratsnakes

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 111, 206-218.

DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.03.017      URL     PMID:28347887      [本文引用: 1]

Globally distributed groups may show regionally distinct rates of diversification, where speciation is elevated given timing and sources of ecological opportunity. However, for most organisms, nearly complete sampling at genomic-data scales to reduce topological error in all regions is unattainable, thus hampering conclusions related to biogeographic origins and rates of diversification. We explore processes leading to the diversity of global ratsnakes and test several important hypotheses related to areas of origin and enhanced diversification upon colonizing new continents. We estimate species trees inferred from phylogenomic scale data (304 loci) while exploring several strategies that consider topological error from each individual gene tree. With a dated species tree, we examine taxonomy and test previous hypotheses that suggest the ratsnakes originated in the Old World (OW) and dispersed to New World (NW). Furthermore, we determine if dispersal to the NW represented a source of ecological opportunity, which should show elevated rates of species diversification. We show that ratsnakes originated in the OW during the mid-Oligocene and subsequently dispersed to the NW by the mid-Miocene; diversification was also elevated in a subclade of NW taxa. Finally, the optimal biogeographic region-dependent speciation model shows that the uptick in ratsnake diversification was associated with colonization of the NW. We consider several alternative explanations that account for regionally distinct diversification rates.

Saikia B, Sinha B, Kharkongor IJ (2017)

Odorrana arunachalensis: A new species of Cascade Frog (Anura: Ranidae) from Talle Valley Wildlife Sanctuary, Arunachal Pradesh, India

Journal of Bioresources, 4, 30-41.

[本文引用: 2]

Sanchez E, Biju SD, Islam MM, Hasan M, Ohler A, Vences M, Kurabayashi A (2018)

Phylogeny and classification of Fejervaryan frogs (Anuran: Dicroglossidae)

Salamandra, 54, 109-116.

DOI:10.2108/zsj.22.525      URL     PMID:15930825      [本文引用: 2]

The Western Ghats of Southwestern India are known as one of the world's "hotspots" of biodiversity. We collected frog specimens from the family Ranidae and investigated the phylogenetic relationships among ranid species, particularly among the Fejervarya, a genus whose morphological diagnostic characteristics and phylogenetic features remain little known. We analyzed partial sequences of the mitochondrial 12S (428 bp) and 16S rDNAs (549 bp). Results showed that the members of Fejervarya form a monophyletic group with the genera Hoplobatrachus and Euphlyctis among ranid genera. This confirms the recent allocation of Fejervarya, including it within the subfamily Dicroglossinae. The mitochondrial rDNA data in our study also appeared to be useful as a marker to distinguish Fejervarya species without morphological differences. The phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rDNA sequence showed a correlation between Fejervarya phylogenies and their geographic distributions. Lastly, our results suggested the recent occurrence of a radiation event of Fejervarya species in the Indian-Sri Lankan region.

Savage JA (2015)

What are the correct family names for the taxa that include the snake genera Xenodermus, Pareas, and Calamaria

Herpetolological Review, 46, 664-665.

[本文引用: 1]

Sheridan JA, Stuart BL (2018)

Hidden species diversity in Sylvirana nigrovittata (Amphibia: Ranidae) highlights the importance of taxonomic revisions in biodiversity conservation

PLoS ONE, 13, e0192766.

DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0192766      URL     PMID:29538432      [本文引用: 2]

Accurately delimiting species and their geographic ranges is imperative for conservation, especially in areas experiencing rapid habitat loss. Southeast Asia currently has one of the highest rates of deforestation in the world, is home to multiple biodiversity hotspots, and the majority of its countries have developing economies with limited resources for biodiversity conservation. Thus, accurately delimiting species and their ranges is particularly important in this region. We examined genetic and morphological variation in the widespread frog species Sylvirana nigrovittata (and its long-treated junior synonym S. mortenseni) with the goal of clarifying its taxonomic content and geographic range boundaries for conservation. We present evidence that the current concept of S. nigrovittata contains at least eight species, two of which are each known from only two localities, but that S. mortenseni is more geographically widespread than currently realized. Five of these species are described as new to science.

Chen ZN, Zhang L, Shi JS, Tang YZ, Guo YH, Song ZB, Ding L (2019)

A new species of the genus Trimeresurus from Southwest China (Squamata: Viperidae)

Asian Herpetological Research, 10, 13-23.

[本文引用: 3]

Chirikova MA, Dujsebayeva TN, Liu J, Guo X (2019)

Geographical distribution and morphological variability of the Rapid Racerunner, Eremias velox (Pallas, 1771) (Reptilia, Lacertidae) in the eastern periphery of its range

Asian Herpetological Research, 10, 230-245.

[本文引用: 2]

Shi HT, Zhao EM, Wang LJ , et al (2011) Amphibians and Reptiles of Hainan. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)

[本文引用: 1]

[ 史海涛, 赵尔宓, 王立军 (2011) 海南两栖爬行动物志. 科学出版社, 北京.]

[本文引用: 1]

Dai X, Wang YZ, Zeng XM (2001)

Brief review on taxonomy of Eremias in China

Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 20, 135-138. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[本文引用: 1]

[ 戴鑫, 王跃招, 曾晓茂 (2001)

中国麻蜥属分类历史简述

四川动物, 20, 135-138.]

[本文引用: 1]

David P, Agarwal I, Athreya R, Mathew R, Vogel G, Mistry VK (2015)

Revalidation of Natrix clerki Wall, 1925, an overlooked species in the genus Amphiesma Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854 (Squamata: Natricidae)

Zootaxa, 3919, 375-395.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.3919.2.9      URL     PMID:25781134      [本文引用: 2]

Natrix clerki Wall, 1925, previously known from its sole holotype and considered a synonym of Amphiesma parallelum (Boulenger, 1890), is resurrected in the genus Amphiesma on the basis of the analysis of morphological variation in 28 specimens of "Amphiesma parallelum" auctorum, plus six living, unvouchered specimens discovered in Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland, India, and one vouchered specimen from Talle Valley in Arunachal Pradesh. Specimens from northeast India (Nagaland), northern Myanmar, and China (Yunnan), previously identified as Amphiesma parallelum either in the literature or in museum's catalogues, are also here referred to A. clerki. The holotype of Amphiesma clerki is redescribed. As a consequence, the definition of Amphiesma parallelum is modified. A. parallelum inhabits the Khasi Hills and Naga Hills in Northeast India, whereas A. clerki has a wider range in the Eastern Himalayas, northern Myanmar and Yunnan (China). Amphiesma clerki differs from A. parallelum by its longer tail, dorsal scales more strongly keeled, scales of the first dorsal scale row strongly keeled vs. smooth, a postocular streak not interrupted at the level of the neck, and a much more vivid pattern on a darker background colour. Characters of species of the Amphiesma parallelum group, i.e. A. clerki, A. parallelum, A. bitaeniatum, A. platyceps and A. sieboldii are compared. A key to this group is provided.

Denzer W, Manthey U, Campbell PD (2019)

Catalogue of type specimens of the agamid lizard genus Japalura s. l. (Squamata: Agamidae: Draconinae)

Zootaxa, 4612, 109-125.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4612.1.8      URL     PMID:31717083      [本文引用: 1]

The genus Japalura Gray, 1853 s. l. currently comprises 34 species (Japalura n=7; Cristidorsa Wang, Deepak, Datta-Roy, Lin, Jiang, Che Siler, 2018, n=2; Diploderma Hallowell, 1861, n=25). Furthermore the species Diploderma polygonatum is composed of its nominate form and three additional subspecies. For all but one species primary types (holo-, syn- or lectotypes) are available, and in most cases paratypical specimens have also been deposited. The type specimen of Japalura yunnannensis appears to be lost.

Shi JS, Yang DW, Zhang WY, Qi S, Li PP, Ding L (2016)

Distribution and infraspecies taxonomy of Gloydius halys-Gloydius intermedius complex in China (Serpentes: Crotalinae)

Chinese Journal of Zoology, 51, 777-798. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[本文引用: 5]

[ 史静耸, 杨登为, 张武元, 齐硕, 李丕鹏, 丁利 (2016)

西伯利亚蝮-中介蝮复合种在中国的分布及种下分类 (蛇亚目: 蝮亚科)

中国动物学杂志, 51, 777-798.]

[本文引用: 5]

Dever AJ, Fuiten AM, Konu O, Wilsinson JA (2012)

Cryptic Torrent Frogs of Myanmar: An examination of the Amolops marmoratus species complex with the resurrection of Amolops afghanus and the identification of a new species

Copeia, 1, 57-76.

[本文引用: 1]

Fei L, Ye CY, Huang YZ (1990) Key to Chinese Amphibia. Scientific and Techonological Literature Press, Chongqing. (in Chinese)

[本文引用: 1]

Shi JS, Wang G, Chen XE, Fang YH, Ding L, Huang S, Hou M, Liu J, Li PP (2017)

A new moth-preying alpine pit viper species from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (Viperidae, Crotalinae)

Amphibia-Reptilia, 38, 517-532.

[本文引用: 3]

Shi JS, Yang DC, Zhang WY, Peng LF, Orlov NL, Jiang F, Ding L, Hou M, Huang XL, Huang S, Li PP (2018)

A new species of the Gloydius strauchi complex (Crotalinae: Viperidae: Serpentes) from Qinghai, Sichuan, and Gansu, China

Russian Journal of Herpetology, 25, 126-138.

DOI:10.30906/1026-2296-2018-25-2-126-138      URL     [本文引用: 3]

[ 费梁, 叶昌媛, 黄永昭 (1990) 中国两栖动物检索. 科学技术文献出版社, 重庆.]

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Fei L, Hu SQ , Ye CY et al(2006) Fauna Sinica Amphibia (Vol. 1): General Accounts of Amphibia, Gymnophiona, and Caudata. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)

[本文引用: 2]

Siler CD, Heitz BB, Davis D, Freitas ES, Aowphol A, Termprayoon K, Grismer LL (2018)

New supple skink, genus Lygosoma (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae), from Indochina and redescription of Lygosoma quadrupes (Linnaenus, 1766)

Journal of Herpetology, 52, 332-347.

DOI:10.1670/16-064      URL     [本文引用: 1]

Smith MA (1935)

The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma

Reptiles and Amphibia, Volume II. Sauria. Taylor and Francis, London.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4671.2.12      URL     PMID:31716063      [本文引用: 1]

Last year I reported the rediscovery in Cambodia of Lestes nigriceps Fraser, 1924, described from Pusa, India (Fraser 1924a) but never reported since that time from India (Kosterin 2018). In my paper I presumed non-conspecificity of the male and females of the type series and made critical comments on Fraser's appendage drawing (Fraser 1924a: plate IX: 6) and verbal descriptions (Fraser 1924a; 1933) of this species but did not consider his key for Lestes Leach, 1815 in the 1st volume of "Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Odonata" (Fraser 1933). Later I found a considerable corruption in this key, which could lead to misidentifications. (It is noteworthy to stress that Fraser explicitly provided keys for males only).

[ 费梁, 叶昌媛, 黄永昭 (2006) 中国动物志·两栖纲(第一卷): 总论 蚓螈目 有尾目. 科学出版社, 北京.]

[本文引用: 2]

Fei L, Ye CY, Jiang JP (2012) Colored Atlas of Chinese Amphibians and Their Distributions. Sichuan Publishing House of Science & Techonology, Chengdu. (in Chinese)

[本文引用: 3]

Smith MA (1943)

The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma

Reptiles and Amphibia, Volume III. Serpentes. Taylor and Francis, London.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4671.2.12      URL     PMID:31716063      [本文引用: 1]

Last year I reported the rediscovery in Cambodia of Lestes nigriceps Fraser, 1924, described from Pusa, India (Fraser 1924a) but never reported since that time from India (Kosterin 2018). In my paper I presumed non-conspecificity of the male and females of the type series and made critical comments on Fraser's appendage drawing (Fraser 1924a: plate IX: 6) and verbal descriptions (Fraser 1924a; 1933) of this species but did not consider his key for Lestes Leach, 1815 in the 1st volume of "Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Odonata" (Fraser 1933). Later I found a considerable corruption in this key, which could lead to misidentifications. (It is noteworthy to stress that Fraser explicitly provided keys for males only).

Stejneger L (1907)

Herpetology of Japan and adjacent territory

Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 58, 1-577.

[本文引用: 1]

[ 费梁, 叶昌媛, 江建平 (2012) 中国两栖动物及其分布彩色图鉴. 四川科学技术出版社, 成都.]

[本文引用: 3]

Fei L, Ye CY, Wang YF, Jiang K (2017)

A new species of the genus Amolops (Anura: Ranidae) from high-altitude Sichuan, southwestern China, with a discussion on the taxonomic status of Amolops kangtingensis

Zoological Research, 38, 138-145.

DOI:10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2017.022      URL     PMID:28585437      [本文引用: 2]

A new species of the genus Amolops Cope, 1865 is described from Xinduqiao, Kangding, Sichuan. It was previously identified as Amolops kangtingensis, which is synonymized to Amolops mantzorum in this study. The new species, Amolops xinduqiao sp. nov., is distinguished from all other congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) medium body size, adult males SVL 41.2-47.5 mm ( n=15, average 43.9 mm), adult females SVL 48.5-56.6 mm ( n=15, average 52.5 mm); (2) head length equal to width or slightly wider than long; (3) tympanum small, but distinct; (4) vomerine teeth in two tiny rows, separated by a space about one vomerine teeth row; (5) bony projections on lower jaw absent; (6) dorsolateral folds usually absent; (7) tarsal folds or glands on tarsus absent; (8) circummarginal groove on disc of finger I absent; (9) tibiotarsal articulation reaching nostril or beyond; (10) webs of toe IV reaching to distal articulation, other toes fully webbed to disc; and (11) vocal sac absent in males.

Sung YH, Hu P, Wang J, Liu HJ, Wang YY (2016)

A new species of Amolops (Anura: Ranidae) from southern China

Zootaxa, 4170, 525-538.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4170.3.6      URL     PMID:27701240      [本文引用: 2]

A new species, Amolops albispinus sp. nov. is described based on a series of specimens collected from Mt. Wutong, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China. The new species can be distinguished from other known congeners by molecular divergence in the mitochondrial COI and 16S rRNA gene and morphological characters including presence of white conical spines on the lips, loreal and temporal regions, excluding the tympanum; small body, SVL 36.7-42.4 mm in adult males and 43.1-51.9 mm in adult females; very rough dorsal skin of body with numerous raised large warts; olive-brown dorsum with dark brown blotches; strongly developed vomerine teeth; absence of vocal sacs; absence of tarsal glands; absence of dorsolateral folds; presence of circummarginals groove on the disk of first finger; and absence of outer metatarsal tubercles. At present, the genus Amolops contains 51 species, of which 23 occur in China.

Sung YH, Lee WH, Ng HN, Zhang YJ, Yang JH (2018)

A new species of Hemiphyllodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Hong Kong

Zootaxa, 4392, 361-373.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4392.2.8      URL     PMID:29690410      [本文引用: 2]

A new species of gekkonid, Hemiphyllodactylus hongkongensis sp. nov., is described based on a series of specimens collected from Hong Kong SAR, China. The new species can be distinguished from other known congeners by molecular divergence in the mitochondrial ND2 gene and morphological characters including 5-6 chin scales; a manual lamellar formula of 3-3(4)-4-4; a pedal lamellar formula of 3(4)-4(5)-4(5)-4; 24-25 continuous femoral and precloacal pores; 12-15 dorsal scales and 9-10 ventral scales contained in diameter of eye. At present, the genus Hemiphyllodactylus comprises 22 described species.

Figueroa A, McKelvy AD, Grismer LL, Bell CD, Lailvaux SP (2016)

A species-level phylogeny of extant snakes with description of a new colubrid subfamily and genus

PLoS ONE, 11, e0161070.

DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0161070      URL     PMID:27603205      [本文引用: 2]

With over 3,500 species encompassing a diverse range of morphologies and ecologies, snakes make up 36% of squamate diversity. Despite several attempts at estimating higher-level snake relationships and numerous assessments of generic- or species-level phylogenies, a large-scale species-level phylogeny solely focusing on snakes has not been completed. Here, we provide the largest-yet estimate of the snake tree of life using maximum likelihood on a supermatrix of 1745 taxa (1652 snake species + 7 outgroup taxa) and 9,523 base pairs from 10 loci (5 nuclear, 5 mitochondrial), including previously unsequenced genera (2) and species (61).

Frost DR (2015)

Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference

American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html. (accessed on 2015-12-31)

URL     [本文引用: 1]

Suwannapoom C, Yuan Z, Chen J, Hou M, Zhao H, Wang L, Nguyen T, Nguyen T, Murphy RW, Sullivan J, Mcleod DS (2016)

Taxonomic revision of the Chinese Limnonectes (Anura, Dicroglossidae) with the description of a new species from China and Myanmar

Zootaxa, 4093, 181-200.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4093.2.2      URL     PMID:27394489      [本文引用: 3]

Phylogenetic reconstructions derived from DNA sequence data play a central role in documenting the number of species in a complex. Such analyses are pointing to the existence of many cryptic species, especially in poorly understood groups such as the genus Limnonectes, and the L. kuhlii species complex in particular. To understand the Limnonectes frogs of China, we reconstruct the major matrilineal genealogy of Limnonectes from China and Southeast Asia based on 12S rRNA, tRNA<sup>Val</sup> and 16S rRNA gene sequences. Based on new data we recognize five species of Limnonectes in China including L. bannaensis, L. fujianensis, L. fragilis, L. taylori (new record), and a new species from southern China and Myanmar. Phylogenetically, the new species is more closely related to the clade comprising L. taylori, L. megastomias, L. isanensis, L. nguyenorum, and L. jarujini from Thailand than to other Chinese species. This study supports previous findings of sympatric members of a species complex that are not each other's closest relatives.

Takeuchi H, Savitzky AH, Ding L, de Silva A, Das I, Nguyen TT, Tsai TS, Jono T, Zhu G, Mahaulpatha D (2018)

Evolution of nuchal glands, unusual defensive organs of Asian natricine snakes (Serpentes: Colubridae), inferred from a molecular phylogeny

Ecology and Evolution, 8, 10219-10232.

DOI:10.1002/ece3.4497      URL     PMID:30397460      [本文引用: 3]

A large body of evidence indicates that evolutionary innovations of novel organs have facilitated the subsequent diversification of species. Investigation of the evolutionary history of such organs should provide important clues for understanding the basis for species diversification. An Asian natricine snake, Rhabdophis tigrinus, possesses a series of unusual organs, called nuchal glands, which contain cardiotonic steroid toxins known as bufadienolides. Rhabdophis tigrinus sequesters bufadienolides from its toad prey and stores them in the nuchal glands as a defensive mechanism. Among more than 3,500 species of snakes, only 17 Asian natricine species are known to possess nuchal glands or their homologues. These 17 species belong to three nominal genera, Balanophis, Macropisthodon, and Rhabdophis. In Macropisthodon and Rhabdophis, however, species without nuchal glands also exist. To infer the evolutionary history of the nuchal glands, we investigated the molecular phylogenetic relationships among Asian natricine species with and without nuchal glands, based on variations in partial sequences of Mt-CYB, Cmos, and RAG1 (total 2,767 bp). Results show that all species with nuchal glands belong to a single clade (NGC). Therefore, we infer that the common ancestor of this clade possessed nuchal glands with no independent origins of the glands within the members. Our results also imply that some species have secondarily lost the glands. Given the estimated divergence time of related species, the ancestor of the nuchal gland clade emerged 19.18 mya. Our study shows that nuchal glands are fruitful subjects for exploring the evolution of novel organs. In addition, our analysis indicates that reevaluation of the taxonomic status of the genera Balanophis and Macropisthodon is required. We propose to assign all species belonging to the NGC to the genus Rhabdophis, pending further study.

Geissler P, Nguyen TQ, Phung TM, Van Devender RW, Hartmann T, Farkas B, Ziegler T, Böhme W (2011)

A review of Indochinese skinks of the genus Lygosoma Hardwocke & Gray, 1872 (Squamata: Scincidae), with natural history notes and an identification key

Biologia, 66, 1159-1176.

[本文引用: 1]

Giri VB, Chaitanya R, Mahony S, Lalrounga S, Lalrinchhana C, Das A, Sarkar V, Karanth P, Deepak V (2019a)

On the systematic status of the genus Oriocalotes Günther, 1864 (Squamata: Agamidae: Draconinae) with the description of a new species from Mizoram State, Northeast India

Zootaxa, 4638, 451-484.

[本文引用: 1]

Tapley B, Cutajar T, Mahony S, Nguyen CT, Dau VQ, Nguyen TT, Van Luong H, Rowley JJ (2017)

The Vietnamese population of Megophrys kuatunensis (Amphibia: Megophryidae) represents a new species of Asian horned frog from Vietnam and southern China

Zootaxa, 4344, 465-492.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4344.3.3      URL     PMID:29245621      [本文引用: 2]

The Asian frog genus Megophrys is a diverse group of morphologically conserved, forest-dwelling frogs. The genus harbours highly localised species diversification and new species continue to be described on a regular basis. We examined the taxonomic status of a population of Megophrys frogs from the Hoang Lien Range in northern Vietnam and southern China previously identified as M. kuatunensis (subgenus Panophrys). Preliminary phylogenetic analyses using a fragment of 16S rDNA places the species in question within the Megophrys (subgenus Panophrys) species group, a primarily Chinese radiation within the genus. On the basis of morphological, molecular and bioacoustic data, we conclude that this population does not represent M. kuatunensis, or any known species in the genus. We herein describe this species of Megophrys as new. Known only from Sa Pa District, Lao Cai Province in Vietnam and Jinping County, Yunnan Province in China, the new species is likely to be threatened by ongoing deforestation in the region. We provide an updated species description of M. kuatunensis based on type specimens, and suggest that M. kuatunensis is likely to be restricted to eastern China.

Turvey ST, Marr MM, Barnes I, Brace S, Tapley B, Murphy RW, Zhao EM, Cunningham AA (2019)

Historical museum collections clarify the evolutionary history of cryptic species radiation in the world’s largest amphibians

Ecology and Evolution, 9, 10070-10084.

DOI:10.1002/ece3.5257      URL     PMID:31624538      [本文引用: 1]

Inaccurate taxonomic assessment of threatened populations can hinder conservation prioritization and management, with human-mediated population movements obscuring biogeographic patterns and confounding reconstructions of evolutionary history. Giant salamanders were formerly distributed widely across China, and are interpreted as a single species, Andrias davidianus. Previous phylogenetic studies have identified distinct Chinese giant salamander lineages but were unable to associate these consistently with different landscapes, probably because population structure has been modified by human-mediated translocations for recent commercial farming. We investigated the evolutionary history and relationships of allopatric Chinese giant salamander populations with Next-Generation Sequencing methods, using historical museum specimens and late 20th-century samples, and retrieved partial or near-complete mitogenomes for 17 individuals. Samples from populations unlikely to have been affected by translocations form three clades from separate regions of China, spatially congruent with isolation by either major river drainages or mountain ranges. Pliocene-Pleistocene divergences for these clades are consistent with topographic modification of southern China associated with uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. General Mixed Yule Coalescent model analysis indicates that these clades represent separate species: Andrias davidianus (Blanchard, 1871) (northern Yangtze/Sichuan), Andrias sligoi (Boulenger, 1924) (Pearl/Nanling), and an undescribed species (Huangshan). Andrias sligoi is possibly the world's largest amphibian. Inclusion of additional reportedly wild samples from areas of known giant salamander exploitation and movement leads to increasing loss of biogeographic signal. Wild Chinese giant salamander populations are now critically depleted or extirpated, and conservation actions should be updated to recognize the existence of multiple species.

Giri VB, Gower DJ, Das A, Lalremsanga HT, Lalronunga S, Captain A, Deepak V (2019b)

A new genus and species of natricine snake from northeast India

Zootaxa, 4603, 241-264.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4603.2.2      URL     PMID:31717226      [本文引用: 1]

Based on the first molecular phylogenetic analyses of samples from northeast India, specimens referred to Rhabdops from this region are more closely related to the southeast and east Asian natricine genera Opisthotropis Günther, 1872 and Sinonatrix Rossman Eberle, 1977 (as well as to New World and western Palearctic natricines) than to peninsular Indian (true) Rhabdops. Morphologically, these northeast Indian populations differ from other natricines by having a single ('fused' or unpaired) internasal shield and a single prefrontal shield. Given the morphological and phylogenetic distinctiveness of these northeast Indian populations, we refer them to a new genus, Smithophis gen. nov., and transfer Rhabdops bicolor (Blyth, 1854) to Smithophis bicolor comb. nov. Based on morphological and molecular variation within our northeast Indian sample, we additionally describe Smithophis atemporalis sp. nov. from the state of Mizoram.

Grismer LL, Wood PL Jr, Anuar S, Muin MA, Quah ESH, McGuire JA, Brown RM, Tri NV, Thai PH (2013)

Integrative taxonomy uncovers high levels of cryptic diversity in Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, 1860 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) and the description of a new species from Peninsular Malaysia

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 169, 849-880.

[本文引用: 2]

Wallach V, Williams KL, Boundy J (2014) Snakes of the World. A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. CRC Press, Boca Raton.

[本文引用: 1]

Wang CC, Qian LF, Zhang CL, Guo WB, Pan T, Wu J, Wang H, Zhang BW (2017)

A new species of Rana from the Dabie Mountains in eastern China (Anura, Ranidae)

ZooKeys, 724, 135-153.

DOI:10.3897/zookeys.724.19383      URL     PMID:29362536      [本文引用: 3]

A new species Rana dabieshanensissp. n. is described from the Dabie Mountains in Anhui Province, China, based on morphological character differences and molecular analyses. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of diagnostic characters. The results of phylogenetic analyses (based on 12s rRNA, 16s rRNA, ND2, Cyt b, RAG1, BDNF and Tyr) and genetic distances (based on Cyt b) indicate that the new species belongs to the Rana longicrus group, and is placed as the sister taxon to R. hanluica.

Guo KJ, Deng XJ, Zhao DD, Xiong JW, Zhu XL, Chen GY, Chen SD (2018)

First record of the genus Platyceps Blyth, 1860 from China (Serpentes, Colubridae, Colubrinae)

Journal of Sichuan Normal University (Natural Science), 41, 677-680. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[本文引用: 4]

[ 郭克疾, 邓学建, 赵东东, 熊嘉武, 朱雪林, 陈贵英, 陈顺德 (2018)

中国蛇类新记录属——红鞭蛇属Platyceps Blyth, 1860 (Serpentes, Colubridae, Colubrinae)

四川师范大学学报(自然科学版), 41, 677-680.]

[本文引用: 4]

Guo P, Liu SY, Feng JZ, He M (2008)

The description of a new species of Thermophis (Serpentes, Colubridae)

Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 27, 321. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[本文引用: 1]

[ 郭鹏, 刘少英, 冯今朝, 何苗 (2008)

温泉蛇属Thermophis一新种——四川温泉蛇

四川动物, 27, 321.]

[本文引用: 1]

Wang J, Liu Z, Lyu ZY, Zeng ZC, Wang YY (2017)

A new species of the genus Xenophrys (Amphibia: Anura: Megophryidae) from an offshore island in Guangdong Province, southeastern China

Zootaxa, 4324, 541-556.

[本文引用: 2]

Wang J, Yang JH, Li Y, Lyu ZT, Zeng ZC, Liu ZY, Ye YH, Wang YY (2018a)

Morphology and molecular genetics reveal two new Leptobrachella species in southern China (Anura, Megophryidae)

ZooKeys, 776, 105-137.

DOI:10.3897/zookeys.776.24462      URL     PMID:30150879      [本文引用: 7]

A collection of exotic birds deposited in the Šariš Museum in Bardejov (SMB), Slovakia, has not been evaluated critically since their deposition. We assessed the accuracy of identification of 465 bird specimens deposited in SMB with native distributions outside of Slovakia. Specimens belonged to 322 species of 82 families and 26 orders. Of the specimen represented, 34 belonged to species considered as 'near-threatened' (7.3%), 16 as 'vulnerable' (3.4%) and one as 'endangered' (0.2%). The SMB collection holds 10 of 28 extant Cuban endemic species and another 11 species endemic to the Caribbean archipelago. Even among birds that are relatively easy to identify, many specimens were identified incorrectly or species identification was missing. Of 465 specimens evaluated, 95 (20.4%) were identified incorrectly or were missing species identification, and another 79 (17%) were identified correctly, but their names have changed over time due to taxonomic shift, thus they required correction.

Guo P, Wang YZ (2011)

A new genus and species of cryptic Asian green pitviper (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae) from Southwest China

Zootaxa, 2918, 1-14.

Guo P, Liu Q, Zhong GH, Zhu F, Yan F, Tang T, Xiao R, Fang M, Wang P, Fu X (2015)

Cryptic diversity of green pitvipers in Yunnan, South-west China (Squamata, Viperidae)

Amphibia-Reptilia, 36, 265-276.

[本文引用: 3]

Wang J, Zeng ZC, Lyu ZT, Liu ZY, Wang YY (2018b)

Description of a new species of Gracixalus (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Guangdong Province, southeastern China

Zootaxa, 4420, 251-269.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4420.2.7      URL     PMID:30313546      [本文引用: 2]

A new species of tree frog, G. guangdongensis sp nov., is described based on a series of specimens collected from Dawuling Forest Station, Mount Nankun and Nanling Nature Reserve of Guangdong Province, southeastern China. The new species is distinguished from all known congeners by a significant genetic divergence at the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene fragment examined (p-distance ≥ 4.6%) and the following combination of morphological characters: relatively small body size (SVL 26.1-34.7 mm in adult males, 34.9-35.4 mm in adult females); upper eyelid and dorsum lacking spines; supratympanic fold and tympanum distinct; dorsal and lateral surface rough, sparsely scattered with tubercles; ventral skin granular; tibiotarsal projection absent; toe-webbing moderately developed, finger webbing rudimentary; heels slightly overlapping when flexed hindlimbs are held at right angles to the body axis; brown to beige above, with an inverse Y-shaped dark brown marking extendeing from the interorbital region to the centre of the dorsum; males with a single subgular vocal sac and protruding nuptial pads with minute granules on the dorsal surface of the base of first finger. The discovery and description of Gracixalus guangdongensis sp. nov. represents the 14th species known in this genus.

Wang J, Li Y, Li Y, Chen HH, Zeng Y, Shen JM, Wang YY (2019a)

Morphology, molecular genetics, and acoustics reveal two new species of the genus Leptobrachella from northwestern Guizhou Province, China (Anura, Megophryidae)

ZooKeys, 848, 119-154.

DOI:10.3897/zookeys.848.29181      URL     PMID:31160882      [本文引用: 5]

Two new species of the genus Leptobrachella Smith, 1925, L.bijie J. Wang, Y.L. Li, Y. Li, H.H. Chen & Y.Y. Wang, sp. nov. and L.purpuraventra J. Wang, Y.L. Li, Y. Li, H.H. Chen & Y.Y. Wang, sp. nov., were described from northwestern Guizhou Province, China based on a combination of acoustic, molecular, and morphological data. The new discoveries bring the total number of this genus to 73, with 16 congeners recorded in China, and represent the second and third species of the genus reported from Guizhou Province.

Guo P, Zhu F, Liu Q (2019)

A new species of the genus Sinonatrix (Serpentes: Colubridae) from western China

Zootaxa, 4623, 535-544.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4623.3.5      URL     PMID:31716249      [本文引用: 4]

A new member of the natricine snake genus Sinonatrix Rossman Eberle, 1977 is described from Yunnan Province, southwestern China, based on a single female specimen. The new species, Sinonatrix yapingi sp. nov., is distinguished from its congeners and related species by the following combination of characters: 1) large body size (maximum total length more than 795 mm); 2) dorsal scales in 19-19-17 rows, moderately keeled except outer four; 3) prefrontal single; 4) ventral scales 149, subcaudals 55, paired; 5) cloaca divided; 6) body bands 30; 7) belly milk-white, without speckles or bands; 8) reduction of dorsal scale rows from 19 to 17 anterior to 90th ventral scale; 9) reduction of caudodorsal scale rows from 8 to 6 anterior to 12th subcaudal and from 6 to 4 anterior to 38th subcaudal; 10) postorbital bones not in contact with frontals, with weak parietal ridge; end of supratemporal bones extending beyond braincase; maxillary teeth 25, last two not enlarged; and, dentary teeth 26. In addition, the genetic distances between the new species and other representatives of Sinonatrix ranged from 14.6% to 15.0%.

Guo WB, Zhou KY, Yan J, Li P (2015)

A new species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, 1860 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from western Yunnan, China

Zootaxa, 3974, 377-390.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.3974.3.5      URL     PMID:26249911      [本文引用: 2]

A new species of the genus Hemiphyllodactylus is described from mountainous area of Changning County, Yunnan Province, China. Hemiphyllodactylus changningensis sp. nov. is distinguished from all other congeners by morphology and a significant genetic divergence of greater than 17% (ND2 gene). The new species from Changning is characterized by the following features: a maximum SVL of 40.1 mm in males and 43.8 mm in females; 11-15 dorsal scale rows; 6-8 ventral scale rows; a forefoot lamellar formula of 3-3/4-3/4-3; a hindfoot lamellar formula of 3-4-4-4 or 3-3-3-3; precloacal and femoral pore series continuous; cloacal spurs present in both sexes; dark dorsal transverse blotches; dark postorbital stripe; a brown postsacral mark bearing anteriorly projecting arms; and unpigmented caecum and gonads. The new species occurs also in Longyang District of Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, China.

Guo XG, Chen DL, Wan HF, Wang YZ (2010)

Review of systematics on the racerunner lizard (Lacertidae: Eremias)

Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 29, 665-672. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[本文引用: 1]

[ 郭宪光, 陈达丽, 万宏富, 王跃招 (2010)

麻蜥属Eremias的系统学研究进展

四川动物, 29, 665-672.]

[本文引用: 1]

Herpetological Department, Sichuan Biological Research Institute (1977) Retrieval of Chinese Reptile Taxonomy. Science Press. Beijing. (in Chinese)

[本文引用: 1]

[ 四川省生物研究所两栖爬行动物研究室(1977) 中国爬行动物系统检索. 科学出版社, 北京.]

[本文引用: 1]

Wang J, Li Y, Zeng ZC, Lyu ZT, Sung YH, Li YY, Lin CY, Wang YY (2019b)

A new species of the genus Achalinus from southwestern Guangdong Province, China (Squamata: Xenodermatidae)

Zootaxa, 4674, 471-481.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4674.4.6      URL     PMID:31715996      [本文引用: 2]

A new species of xenodermatid snake, Achalinus yunkaiensis J. Wang, Y. Li Y.Y. Wang, sp. nov. was described based on a series of specimens collected from Dawuling Forestry Station located in the Yunkai Mountains of western Guangdong Province. It can be distinguished from known congeners by a significant genetic divergence at the mitochondrial CO1 gene fragment examined (p-distance ≥ 12.0%) and the following combination of characters: (1) dorsal scales strongly keeled, in 23 rows throughout the body, the most outer row on each side smooth and significantly enlarged; (2) tail relatively shorter, TaL/TL ratio 18.5-20.0%; (3) maxillary teeth 20-22; (4) length of suture between internasals subequal to that between the prefrontals; (5) nasal divided into two sections by nasal cleft, posterior one half as long as anterior; (6) loreal elongated, nearly twice as wide as high; (7) supralabials six; (8) infralabials six; (9) temporals 2+2+3 (rarely 2+2+4), the two anterior temporals in contact with eye; (10) ventrals 151-162, subcaudals 49-56 arranged in single row, not paired; (11) cloacal entire; (12) uniform brown (in adults) or black (in juveniles) above, tinged weakly iridescent, with a longitudinal dark-colored vertebral line; (13) light brown (in adults) or greyish white (in juveniles) beneath; and (14) dorsum with a longitudinal dark brown vertebral stripe from posterior margin of parietals to tail tip. Currently, 13 species are known in the genus Achalinus, with seven from mainland China.

Wang J, Lyu ZT, Liu ZY, Liao CK, Zeng ZC, Zhao J, Li YL, Wang YY (2019c)

Description of six new species of the subgenus Panophrys within the genus Megophrys (Anura, Megophryidae) from southeastern China based on molecular and morphological data

ZooKeys, 851, 113-164.

DOI:10.3897/zookeys.851.29107      URL     PMID:31205445      [本文引用: 12]

The diversity of the subgenus Panophrys within the genus Megophrys has been revealed to be extremely underestimated from southeastern China. Herpetological surveys coupled with extensive sampling in a longitudinal mountain belt located in southeastern China resulted in the discoveries of six new species of the subgenus Panophrys. Furthermore, the new discoveries support the findings of "micro-endemism", "sympatric phenomenon" and "sympatric but distant phylogenetically" which appear to be common among Panophrys species, and also indicates that the Asian horned toads would be good candidates for studies on speciation and biogeography, and additionally emphasizes the conservation difficulties of these toads.

Hou M, Yu GH, Chen HM, Liao CL, Zhang L, Chen J, Li PP, Orlov NL (2017)

The taxonomic status and distribution range of six Theloderma species (Anura: Rhacophoridae) with a new record in China

Russian Journal of Herpetology, 24, 99-127.

DOI:10.30906/1026-2296-2019-24-2-99-127      URL     [本文引用: 3]

Hou YM, Zhang MF, Hu F, Li SY, Shi SC, Chen J, Mo XY, Wang B (2018)

A new species of the genus Leptolalax (Anura, Megophryidae) from Hunan, China

Zootaxa, 4444, 247-266.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4444.3.2      URL     PMID:30313922      [本文引用: 2]

A new species, Leptolalax mangshanensis sp. nov., is described from the Mangshan National Nature Reserve, in Hunan Province, China. The new species is genetically similar to Leptolalax liui, and morphologically similar to Leptolalax maoershanensis. Morphological characteristics that distinguish the new species from its congeners are a small body size (snout-vent length, SVL, 22.2 mm-27.8 mm in 27 adult males, and 30.2 mm in one adult female); nearly smooth dorsal skin with some small, orange, tubercles and irregular, dark brown stripes, throat and belly scattered with white speckles, weak lateral fringes on toes and rudimentary toe webbing; indistinct longitudinal ridges under toes, and not interrupted at the articulations, iris bicolored with bright orange in the upper half and greyish cream in the lower half. The new species is widely distributed in montane evergreen secondary forests and small bamboo forests in Mangshan Nature Reserve, at altitudes between 500-1600 m a.s.l.

Wang J, Lyu ZT, Yang CY, Li YL, Wang YY (2019d)

A new species of the genus Takydromus (Squamata, Lacertidae) from southwestern Guangdong, China

ZooKeys, 871, 119-139.

DOI:10.3897/zookeys.871.35947      URL     PMID:31435189      [本文引用: 2]

A new species, Takydromus yunkaiensis J. Wang, Lyu, & Y.Y. Wang, sp. nov. is described based on a series of specimens collected from the Yunkaishan Nature Reserve located in the southern Yunkai Mountains, western Guangdong Province, China. The new species is a sister taxon to T. intermedius with a genetic divergence of 8.0-8.5% in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, and differs from all known congeners by a combination of the following morphological characters: (1) body size moderate, SVL 37.8-56.0 mm in males, 42.6-60.8 mm in females; (2) dorsal ground color brown; ventral surface green to yellow-green, but light blue-green on chin and throat, posteriorly green in adult males; (3) dorsolateral lines paired, strikingly yellowish-white bordered by black above and below, invisible or indistinct in juveniles and adult females; (4) flanks of body blackish brown with light brown marks in adult males; (5) presence of four pairs of chin-shields; (6) four supraoculars on each side; (7) presence of a row of supracilary granules that separate supracilaries from supraoculars; (8) two postnasals; (9) enlarged dorsal scales in six longitudinal rows on trunk of body, with strong keel; (10) enlarged ventral scales in six longitudinal rows, strongly keeled in males, smooth but outermost rows weakly keeled in females; (11) enlarged and keeled lateral scales in a row above ventrals; (12) femoral pores 2-3 on each side; (13) subdigital lamellae 20-23 under the fourth finger, 23-30 under the fourth toe; and (14) the first 2-3 subdigital lamellae under the fourth toe divided. The discovery of Takydromus yunkaiensissp. nov. brings the total number of species of this genus to 24, of which nine occur in mainland China.

Wang K, Jiang K (2016)

Taxonomic Novelties and New Records of Herpetofauna of China in 2015

AmphibiaChina. (http://www.amphibiachina.org/news/scientifictrends/132-2015. accessed on 2019-02-05)

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Hu XL (2007)

The movements patterns and habitat selection of the Tibetan Hot Spring Snake

Journal of Tibetan University, 2, 77-83. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[本文引用: 1]

[ 胡晓林 (2007)

西藏温泉蛇的活动规律和栖息地选择

西藏大学学报汉文版, 2, 77-83.]

[本文引用: 1]

[ 王剀, 蒋珂 (2016)

2015中国两栖爬行动物新物种和新纪录

中国两栖类信息系统.] (http://www.amphibiachina.org/news/scientifictrends/132-2015. 获取自2019年2月5日

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Wang K, Chen HM (2017)

Annual Review: Taxonomic Changes and Novelties of Herpetofauna from China in 2016

AmphibiaChina. (http://www.amphibiachina.org/news/41. accessed on 2019-02-05)

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Hui H, Yu GH, Yang JX, Rao DQ (2019)

First record of Minervarya chiangmaiensis (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from China and Myanmar

Russian Journal of Herpetology, 26, 261-266.

[本文引用: 3]

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1999)

International Code of Zoological Nomenclature

International Trust of Zoological Nomenclature, London.

[本文引用: 1]

[ 王剀, 陈宏满 (2017)

2016中国两栖爬行动物新种、新纪录及分类变动

中国两栖类信息系统.] (http://www.amphibiachina.org/news/scientifictrends/97-177. 获取自2019年2月5日

URL     [本文引用: 3]

Wang K, Jiang K, Pan G, Hou M, Siler CD, Che J (2015)

A new species of Japalura (Squamata: Sauria: Agamidae) from Upper Lancang (Mekong) Valley of Eastern Tibet, China

Asian Herpetological Research, 6, 159-168.

[本文引用: 3]

Jaeger EC (translated by Teng DP, Jiang ZY) (1965) A Source-book of Biological Names and Terms. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)

[本文引用: 1]

[ 滕砥平, 蒋芝英 (译) (1965) 生物名称和生物学术语的词源. 科学出版社, 北京.]

[本文引用: 1]

Wang K, Jiang K, Zou DH, Yan F, Siler CD, Che J (2016)

Two new species of Japalura (Squamata: Agamidae) from the Hengduan Mountain Range, China

Zoological Research, 37, 41-56.

DOI:10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2016.1.41      URL     PMID:26828033      [本文引用: 4]

Until recently, the agamid species, Japalura flaviceps, was recognized to have the widest geographic distribution among members of the genus occurring in China, from eastern Tibet to Shaanxi Province. However, recent studies restricted the distribution of J. flaviceps to the Dadu River valley only in northwestern Sichuan Province, suggesting that records of J. flaviceps outside the Dadu River valley likely represent undescribed diversity. During two herpetofaunal surveys in 2013 and 2015, eight and 12 specimens of lizards of the genus Japalura were collected from the upper Nujiang (=Salween) Valley in eastern Tibet, China, and upper Lancang (=Mekong) Valley in northwestern Yunnan, China, respectively. These specimens display a unique suite of diagnostic morphological characters. Our robust comparisons of phenotype reveal that these populations can be distinguished readily from J. flaviceps and all other recognized congeners. Herein, we describe the two Japalura lineages as new species, Japalura laeviventris sp. nov. and Japalura iadina sp. nov.. In addition, we provide updated conservation assessments for the new species as well as imperiled congeners according to the IUCN criteria for classification, discuss the importance of color patterns in the diagnosis and description of species in the genus Japalura, and discuss directions for future taxonomic studies of the group.

Wang K, Ren JL, Jiang K, Yuan ZY, Che J, Siler CD (2017)

Rediscovery of the enigmatic Mountain Dragon, Japalura yulongensis (Reptilia: Sauria: Agamidae), with notes on its natural history and conservation

Zootaxa, 4318, 351-363.

Jiang DC, Jiang K, Ren JL, Wu J, Li JT (2019)

Resurrection of the genus Leptomantis, with description of a new genus to the family Rhacophoridae (Amphibia: Anura)

Asian Herpetological Research, 10, 1-12.

[本文引用: 3]

Jiang K, Wang K, Yang JX, Jin JQ, Zou DH, Yan F, Pan HJ, Che J (2016)

Three new records of Amphibia from Tibet, China

Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 35, 210-216. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[本文引用: 2]

Wang K, Chen, HM, Ren JL (2018)

Annual Review: New Taxa and Taxonomic Changes of Chinese Herpetofauna in 2017

AmpibiaChina. (http://www.amphibiachina.org/news/scientifictrends/113-193. accessed on 2019-02-05)

URL     [本文引用: 3]

[ 王剀, 陈宏满, 任金龙 (2018)

2017中国两栖爬行动物新种、新纪录及分类变动

中国两栖类信息系统.] (http://www.amphibiachina.org/news/scientifictrends/112-192. 获取自2019年2月5日

URL     [本文引用: 3]

Wang K, Jiang K, Deepak V, Abhijit D, Hou M, Che J, Siler CD (2018a)

On the occurrences of Japalura kumaonensis and Japalura tricarinata (Reptilia: Sauria: Draconinae) in China

Herpetologica, 74, 181-190.

[本文引用: 1]

Wang K, Jiang K, Wang YF, Poyarkov NAJ, Che J, Siler CD (2018b)

Rediscovery of Japalura chapaensis Bourret, 1937 (Reptilia: Squamata: Agamidae) from Southeast Yunnan Province, China

Zoological Research, 39, 105-113.

DOI:10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2017.064      URL     PMID:29515092      [本文引用: 1]

Due to a paucity of surveys in northern Indochina and lack of international collaborations among neighboring countries, recognized distributional ranges for many amphibian and reptile species end at the political borders for some countries, despite seemingly continuous suitable habitat spanning the region. Combining both morphological and genetic data, we report the first discovery of Japalura chapaensis, a rare agamid lizard believed previously to be endemic to northern Vietnam only, along the border region of southeastern Yunnan Province, China. To facilitate future research on the genus Japalura sensu lato in Indochina, we provide detailed descriptions of additional specimens of this rare species, including the first description of coloration in life and an expanded diagnosis, and discuss the species boundary of J. chapaensis with respect to its congeners.

[ 蒋珂, 王剀, 杨军校, 金洁琼, 邹大虎, 颜芳, 潘虎君, 车静 (2016)

西藏两栖纲新纪录2种及缅甸树蛙描述

四川动物, 35, 210-216.]

[本文引用: 2]

Jiang K, Wang K, Yan F, Xie J, Zou DH, Liu WL, Jiang JP, Li C, Che J (2016a)

A new species of the genus Amolops (Amphibia: Ranidae) from southeastern Tibet, China

Zoological Research, 37, 31-40.

DOI:10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2016.1.31      URL     PMID:26828032      [本文引用: 1]

A new species of the genus Amolops Cope, 1865 is described from Nyingchi, southeastern Tibet, China, based on morphological and molecular data. The new species, Amolops nyingchiensis sp. nov. is assigned to the Amolops monticola group based on its skin smooth, dorsolateral fold distinct, lateral side of head black, upper lip stripe white extending to the shoulder. Amolops nyingchiensis sp. nov. is distinguished from all other species of Amolops by the following combination of characters: (1) medium body size, SVL 48.5-58.3 mm in males, and 57.6-70.7 mm in females; (2) tympanum distinct, slightly larger than one third of the eye diameter; (3) a small tooth-like projection on anteromedial edge of mandible; (4) the absence of white spine on dorsal surface of body; (5) the presence of circummarginal groove on all fingers; (6) the presence of vomerine teeth; (7) background coloration of dorsal surface brown, lateral body gray with yellow; (8) the presence of transverse bands on the dorsal limbs; (9) the presence of nuptial pad on the first finger in males; (10) the absence of vocal sac in males. Taxonomic status of the populations that were previously identified to A. monticola from Tibet is also discussed.

Jiang K, Wang K, Zou DH, Yan F, Li PP, Che J (2016b)

A new species of the genus Scutiger (Anura: Megophryidae) from Medog of southeastern Tibet, China

Zoological Research, 37, 21-30.

DOI:10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2016.1.21      URL     PMID:26828031     

A new species of Scutiger Theobald, 1868 is described from Medog, southeastern Tibet, China, based on morphological and molecular data. The new species was previously identified as Scutiger nyingchiensis, but it can be differentiated from the latter and all other congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) medium adult body size, SVL 50.5-55.6 mm in males and 53.8-57.2 mm in females; (2) maxillary teeth absent; (3) web rudimentary between toes; (4) prominent, conical-shaped tubercles on dorsal and lateral surfaces of body and limbs; (5) tubercles covered by black spines in both sexes in breeding condition; (6) a pair of pectoral glands and a pair of axillary glands present and covered by black spines in males in breeding condition, width of axillary gland less than 50% of pectoral gland; (7) nuptial spines present on dorsal surface of first and second fingers, and inner side of third finger in males in breeding condition; (8) spines absent on the abdominal region; (9) vocal sac absent. In addition, the distribution and conservation status of the new species are also discussed.

Jiang K, Yan F, Wang K, Zou DH, Li C, Che J (2016c)

A new genus and species of treefrog from Medog, southeastern Tibet, China (Anura, Rhacophoridae)

Zoological Research, 37, 15-20.

DOI:10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2016.1.15      URL     PMID:26828030      [本文引用: 6]

A new genus and species of threefrog is described from Medog, southeastern Tibet, China based on morphological and phylogenetic data. The new genus can be distinguished from other treefrog genera by the following combination of characters: (1) body size moderate, 45.0 mm in male; (2) snout rounded; (3) canthus rostralis obtuse and raised prominently, forming a ridge from nostril to anterior corner of eyes; (4) web rudimentary on fingers; (5) web moderately developed on toes; (6) phalange "Y" shaped, visible from dorsal side of fingers and toes; (7) skin of dorsal surfaces relatively smooth, scatted with small tubercles; (8) iris with a pale yellow, "X" shaped pattern of pigmentation.

Wang K, Ren JL, Chen HM (2019a)

Taxonomic Novalties and Changes of Chinese Amphibians and Reptiles in 2018

AmphibiaChina. (http://www.amphibiachina.org/news/scientifictrends/146-20190116. accessed on 2019-02-05)

URL     [本文引用: 3]

[ 王剀, 任金龙, 陈宏满 (2019a)

2018年中国两栖爬行动物新物种及分类变动

中国两栖类信息系统] (http://www.amphibiachina.org/news/scientifictrends/146-20190116. 获取自2019年2月5日

URL     [本文引用: 3]

Jiang K, Wang K, Wang YF, Li C, Che J (2019)

A new species of the endemic Himalayan genus Liurana (Anura, Ceratobatrachidae) from southeastern Tibet, China, with comments on the distribution, reproductive biology, and conservation of the genus

Zoological Research, 40, 175-184.

DOI:10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2019.025      URL     PMID:30936414      [本文引用: 2]

A new species of the genus Liurana Dubois, 1986 is described from Medog County, Tibet, China, based on morphological and molecular data. The new species can be differentiated from all other congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) head wider than long; (2) tympanum distinct and large; (3) hindlimb long, tibiotarsal articulation beyond tip of snout when adpressed; (4) belly with flat tubercles, cloacal region with small tubercles; (5) transverse bands distinctly on dorsal limbs, four bands on thigh and three on tibia; and, (6) dark brown marbled patterns or speckles on white belly. Here, we also discuss the distribution pattern of Liurana in the East Himalaya region, the role of the Yarlung Tsangpo River in the speciation and genetic isolation of congeners, the direct developmental mode of reproduction, and the two different ecotypes of the genus. Lastly, we provide conservation recommendations for the genus in southeastern Tibet.

Jiang Y, Wei ZM, Han FY, Ni QY, Yao YF, Xu HL, Li Y, Rao DQ, Zhang MW (2017)

The complete mitogenome sequence of Tylototriton ziegleri (Amphibia: Caudata)

Conservation Genetics Resources, 9, 503-506.

[本文引用: 1]

Wang K, Ren JL, Jiang K, Wu JW, Yang CH, Xu HM, Messanger K, Lei KM, Yu HL, Yang JY, Siler CD, Li JT, Che J (2019b)

Revised distribution of some species in the genus Diploderma (Reptilia: Agamidae) in China

Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 38, 481-495. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[本文引用: 8]

[ 王剀, 任金龙, 蒋珂, 巫嘉伟, 杨春华, 徐会明, Kevin Messanger, 雷开明, 余辉亮, 杨敬元, Cameron D. Siler, 李家堂, 车静 (2019b)

龙蜥属Diploderma (爬行纲Reptilia: 鬣蜥科Agamidae)部分物种的分类及分布记录修订

四川动物, 38, 481-495.]

[本文引用: 8]

Jin YT, Yang ZS, Brown RP, Liao PH, Liu NF (2014)

Intraspecific lineages of the lizard Phrynocephalus putjatia from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: Impact of physical events on divergence and discordance between morphology and molecular markers

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 71, 288-297.

DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.11.004      URL     PMID:24269317      [本文引用: 2]

The Northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (NQTP) contains many physical features that may have contributed to its rich biological diversity. We explored the systematics and genetic structures of the sand lizards Phrynocephalus putjatia, distributed across semi-deserts or rocky steppe habitats, and Phrynocephalus guinanensis, found only in sand dune habitats, from the NQTP using mitochondrial (ND2 and tRNAs) and nuclear (RAG-1) markers. Bayesian analyses revealed two main monophyletic mtDNA groups that separate populations of the Qinghai Lake Basin (QLB) from populations to the southeast of this basin (SEQL), but these did not correspond to the two morphological species. The QLB populations are divided into western and eastern groups. Two major groups with similar geographical structuring were also detected for the nuclear RAG-1 marker, but with some geographical discordance. A Bayesian species delimitation analysis did not support division of P. putjatia/P. guinanensis into separate species. Bayesian dating of mtDNA suggests that the earliest divergence within this group occurred less than 2 Ma, which seems to be explained by mountain uplift between the QLB and the SEQL regions. Other Pleistocene events may explain further genetic structuring. Overall, we do not detect reciprocal monophyly of markers between morphological species but note that they do appear to represent ecological forms.

Jin YT, Browon RP (2019)

Morphological species and discordant mtDNA: A genomic analysis of Phrynocephalus lizard lineages on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 139, 106523.

DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106523      URL     PMID:31170521      [本文引用: 2]

Many species have been established on the basis of morphology, with markers such as mtDNA used to confirm the existence of independent historical lineages. Discordance between morphology and gene trees makes this less straightforward. Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) was used to analyse general genomic divergence across two recognized high altitude lizard species found in the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. One of the species (Phyrnocephalus guinanensis) is found on a large area of sand dune habitat and distinguished from the other (P. putjatia) by morphology. We found that the primary pattern of genomic divergence is discordant with these morphological species: northern P. putjatia populations from around the large saline Qinghai lake are genomically distinct from P. putjatia and P. guinanensis populations located south of the Qinghai South and Riyue Mountains. Two competing historical scenarios were assessed using approximate Bayesian computation which unequivocally favoured a split between populations separated by the Qinghai South and Riyue mountains over a split between morphological species. The findings indicate that historical vicariance due to geographical features underpins the phylogenetic split rather than ecology-mediated divergence between sand dune and non-sand areas which i) is predicted by the mtDNA tree (showing the utility of this marker in species delimitation) and ii) demonstrates the unsuitability of the morphology-based taxonomy (indicating that large morphological differences do not always reflect historical lineages). In addition, we found a clear signal of isolation-by-distance around the periphery of Qinghai lake which suggests: i) a high level of resolution by GBS for detecting local divergence and ii) restricted gene flow over relatively short geographic distances. Overall, we show how morphological variation can mislead taxonomic conclusions and the utility of GBS for resolving these issues.

Ji LQ , et al (2019)

China Checklist of Animals

In: Catalougue of Life China: 2018 Annual Checklist (ed. Biodiversity Committee of Chinese Academy of Sciences), Beijing, China. (http://www.sp2000.org.cn)

URL     [本文引用: 1]

Kunte K, Manthey U (2009)

Wiederentdeckung von Japalura sagittifera (Sauria: Agamidae) in Arunachal Pradesh, Ost-Himalaya: Ein Erstnachweis für die indische Herpetofauna

Sauria, 31, 49-55.

DOI:10.1021/bi00164a031      URL     PMID:1463738      [本文引用: 1]

The NAD(+)-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) from the thermoacidophilic archaebacterium Sulfolobus solfataricus, DSM1617 strain (SSADH), has been purified and characterized. Its gene has been isolated by screening two S. Solfataricus genomic libraries using oligonucleotide probes. The encoding sequence consists of 1041 base pairs, and it shows a high preference for codons ending in T or A. The primary structure, determined by peptide and gene analysis, consists of 347 amino acid residues, yielding a molecular weight of 37,588. A level of identity of 24-25% was found with the amino acid sequences of horse liver, yeast, and Thermoanaerobium brockii alcohol dehydrogenases. The coenzyme-binding and catalytic and structural zinc-binding residues typical of eukaryotic alcohol dehydrogenases were found in SSADH with the difference that one out of the four structural zinc-binding Cys residues is substituted by Glu. The protein contains four zinc atoms per dimer, two of which are removed by chelating agents with a concomitant loss of structural stability.

Wang K, Che J, Lin SM, Deepak V, Aniruddha DR, Jiang K, Jin JQ, Chen HM, Siler CD (2019a)

Multilocus phylogeny and revised classification for mountain dragons of the genus Japalura s. l. (Reptilia: Agamidae: Draconinae) from Asia

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 185, 246-267.

[本文引用: 5]

Wang K, Ci P, Jiang K, Weng SY, Siler CD, Che J (2019b)

Range extension of rare agamid species, Pseudocalotes austeniana (Annandale, 1908) (Reptilia: Saurinia: Draconinae) in the East Himalaya, with comments on its ontogenetic shift

Checklist, 15, 425-433.

DOI:10.15560/15.3.425      URL    

Kurita K, Ota H, Hikida T (2017a)

A new species of Plestiodon (Squamata: Scincidae) from the Senkaku Group, Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan

Zootaxa, 4254, 520-536.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4254.5.2      URL     PMID:28609942      [本文引用: 2]

A new scincid lizard, Plestiodon takarai sp. nov., is described from the Senkaku Group, Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. The Plestiodon lizards in this island group have previously been identified as P. elegans because they all exhibit a patch of enlarged and irregularly arranged scales on the posterior surface of their femurs. However, detailed molecular analyses revealed that the Senkaku population, although closely related to P. elegans and other species in the P. latiscutatus species group, is substantially diverged from all other recognized species. Furthermore, although the Senkaku population largely exhibits the characteristic morphological features of this species group, it can be differentiated from all recognized species by the scutellation and hatchling tail coloration. The biogeographical and conservation implications of these findings are briefly discussed.

Kurita K, Nakamura Y, Okamoto T, Lin S, Hikida T (2017b)

Taxonomic reassessment of two subspecies of Chinese skink in Taiwan based on morphological and molecular investigations (Squamata, Scincidae)

ZooKeys, 131-148.

DOI:10.3897/zookeys.687.12742      URL     PMID:29114169      [本文引用: 2]

The Chinese skink, Plestiodon chinensis (Gray, 1838), is widely distributed across continental China, Taiwan, the Korean Peninsula, and offshore islets, and consists of several subspecies. Here morphological and molecular methods have been used to reassess the taxonomic status and distributions of P. c. formosensis (Van Denburgh, 1912) and P. c. leucostictus (Hikida, 1988), which are endemic to Taiwan and Green Island (an islet off the east coast of Taiwan), respectively. It can be confirmed that the eastern Taiwanese populations of P. c. formosensis exhibit similar juvenile color patterning and genetic composition to the islet subspecies P. c. leucostictus, and are distinct from consubspecific populations in western Taiwan. Therefore, the eastern Taiwanese populations are assigned to P. c. leucostictus, and this subspecies is recognized as a distinct species, Plestiodon leucostictus (Hikida, 1988), based on their unique juvenile coloration and highly divergent DNA sequences. Our results also revealed that P. c. formosensis in western Taiwan is close to nominotypical subspecies from the continent, suggesting the necessity of a comprehensive taxonomic analysis in the future.

Wang K, Jiang K, Jin J, Liu X, Che J (2019c)

Confirmation of Trachischium guentheri (Serpentes: Colubridae) from Tibet, China, with description of Tibetan T. monticola

Zootaxa, 4688, 101-110.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4688.1.5      URL     PMID:31719460      [本文引用: 2]

Little is known about the worm-eating snakes of the genus Trachischium in the East Himalaya due to their secretive nature. To date, only T. monticola and T. tenuiceps are recorded from China, and the former species was recorded based on historical literature without vouchered information. In addition, a questionable record of T. guentheri in Tibet, China exists in literature, but no one has yet confirmed this distribution record. Here we confirm the distribution of T. guentheri in southeastern Tibet, China based on a newly collected specimen, and provide the first detailed description of T. monticola, including the first description of its hemipenial morphology, based on newly collected Tibetan specimens. Lastly, we provide a diagnostic key to the three Chinese species, and discuss the general distribution patterns of the genus in the Trans-Himalayan Region.

Wang K, Jiang K, Ren J, Zou DH, Wu JW, Che J, Siler CD (2019d)

A new species of dwarf Japalura sensu lato (Reptilia: Squamata: Agamidae) from the upper Mekong River in eastern Tibet, China, with notes on morphological variation, distribution, and conservation of two congeners along the same river

Zootaxa, 4544, 505-522.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4544.4.3      URL     PMID:30647255      [本文引用: 3]

Despite being recognized as ecologically and biogeographically important, the biodiversity of the Hengduan Mountain Region, particularly along the upper Mekong River, remains poorly understood. Here we describe a new species of Mountain Dragon of the genus Japalura sensu lato Gray, 1853 from the headwater region of the Mekong River in Chamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region, China. The species is recognized as a member of the Japalura flaviceps Barbour Dunn 1919 complex, and it can be distinguished readily from all congeners by a suite of morphological characteristics, including its dwarf appearance (small body size and disproportionally short tails and short hind limbs), smooth or weakly keeled ventral scales, feebly developed vertebral crests in males, and by the absence of distinct gular spots in males and females. In addition to the description of the new species, we also report morphological variations and range extensions of two recently described congeners along the same river, namely J. iadina and J. vela. We discuss the distribution patterns of the genus in the Hengduan Mountain Region and the urgent conservation priorities for protecting Japalura species along the Mekong River. According to our best available data, we provided IUCN assessments of the three species and propos to list them as nationally protected under the Chinese Wildlife Protection Act.

Wang K, Ren JL, Dong WJ, Jiang K, Siler CD, Che J (2019e)

A new species of Plateau Viper (Reptilia: Serpentes: Gloydius) from the upper Lancang (=Mekong) Valley in the Hengduan Mountain Region, Tibet, China

Journal of Herpetology, 53, 224-236.

DOI:10.1670/18-126      URL     [本文引用: 3]

Wang K, Wu JW, Jiang K, Chen JM, Miao BF, Siler CD, Che J (2019f)

A new species of Mountain Dragon (Reptilia: Agamidae: Diploderma) from the D. dymondi complex in southern Sichuan Province, China

Zoological Research, 40, 456-465.

DOI:10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2019.034      URL     PMID:31502428      [本文引用: 5]

Mountain Dragons of the genus Diploderma Hallowell, 1861 were recently resurrected from the paraphyletic genus Japalura sensu lato (Wang et al., 2019a). Despite the recent split, Diploderma still represents one of the most diverse groups of agamid lizard from Asia, including 25 species recognized currently, with most species found in China ((Wang et al., 2019a, 2019b). Although increasing attention has been paid to cryptic diversity within the genus in Southwest China during the past decade, most studies have focused on a single species complex, D. flaviceps, only (Manthey et al., 2012; Wang et al., 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019a), with few studies on other congeners that also have widespread distributions. One such example is D. dymondi (Boulenger, 1906).

Li C, Yuan ZY, Li HB, Wu YK (2018)

The tenth member of Stout Newt (Amphibia: Salamandridae: Pachytriton): Description of a new species from Guangdong, southern China

Zootaxa, 4399, 207-219.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4399.2.5      URL     PMID:29690305      [本文引用: 2]

Field surveys of less-explored forests often lead to discoveries of new amphibian species. During a series of field surveys in early 2017 at Mt. Lianhua (the Lotus Mountain) of Lianhuashan-Baipenzhu Provincial Nature Reserve in southern China, we found an undocumented population of stout newt, genus Pachytriton. Based on its distinct morphological characters and large genetic divergence from congeners (uncorrected p-distance > 5% in either mitochondrial nd2 or cytb sequences), we describe this population as the tenth species of the genus: Pachytriton airobranchiatus sp. nov. It can be distinguished from other members of Pachytriton by a combination of the following morphological characters: prominently elevated distal end of the epibranchial bone showing as two conspicuous protruding bulges behind the head; dorsal coloration can be either spotted or unspotted; bright orange dots absent on dorsum; costal grooves absent between axilla and groin; fingers I and toe I slender, do not forms a volar pad; dorsal tips of fingers and toes brown; and tips of fore- and hind limbs could contact when limbs adpressed against body flank. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the new species with P. wuguanfui, P. xanthospilos, and P. changi. Currently, the new species is known from the type locality and an adjacent mountain peak at about 1000 m elevation. It inhabits small montane streams in broadleaf forests near the top of the mountain.

Wang L, Deng XJ, Liu Y, Wu QQ, Liu Z (2019)

A new species of the genus Megophrys (Amphibia: Anura: Megophryidae) from Hunan, China

Zootaxa, 4695, 301-330.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4695.4      URL     [本文引用: 2]

Wang Y, Hsiao YW, Lee KH, Tseng HY, Lin Y, Komaki S, Lin SM (2017)

Acoustic differentiation and behavioral response reveals cryptic species within Buergeria treefrogs (Anura, Rhacophoridae) from Taiwan

PLoS ONE, 12, e0184005.

DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0184005      URL     [本文引用: 2]

Wang YF, Liu BQ, Jiang K, Jin W, Xu JN, Wu CH (2017)

A new species of the horn toad of the genus Xenophrys from Zhejiang, China (Amphibia: Megophryidae)

Chinese Journal of Zoology, 52, 19-29. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[本文引用: 2]

[ 王聿帆, 刘宝权, 蒋珂, 金伟, 许济南, 吴丞昊 (2017)

中国浙江省发现异角蟾属一新种(两栖纲: 角蟾科)

动物学杂志, 52, 19-29.]

[本文引用: 2]

Wang YY, Lau M, Yang JH, Chen GL, Liu ZY, Pang H, Liu Y (2015)

A new species of the genus Odorrana (Amphibia: Ranidae) and the first record of Odorrana bacboensis from China

Zootaxa, 3999, 235-254.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.3999.2.4      URL     PMID:26623573      [本文引用: 3]

The genus Odorrana currently contains at least 56 recognized species that inhabits montane streams in subtropical and tropical Asia. Twenty new species have been described in the last decade, indicating the potential cryptic species diversity of this genus. We collected several specimens of Odorrana species from Southern China from 2007 to 2014, and on the basis of a combined morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis, we described the new species Odorrana fengkaiensis sp. nov. herein. The new species is very similar to O. hainanensis and O. bacboensis, but can be consistently separated by morphology, and allopatric distribution. It is further reciprocally monophyletic to O. hainanensis in a mitochondrial gene trees with an average genetic divergence of 2.1% (1.9%-2.4%). The new species inhabits in lowland broad streams, rivers, pools and near the riparian areas, but its general ecology remains poorly known. The new species is characterized by its body length of adult females approximately twice as long as adult males (SVL 77.8-111.9 mm in females, 37.4-51.8 mm in males); eye large in males, eye diameter 1.01-1.16 times as long as snout length; tympanum of males large and distinct, extremely close to the eye, 0.7-1.4 mm in tympanum-eye distance; dorsolateral folds absent; dorsal skin shagreened, with several large tubercles in males; flanks with tubercles and scattered larger pustules, 8-10 of which usually arranged in a dorsolateral row; ventral skin smooth, with spines in adult males during the breeding season; the tibio-tarsal articulation stretched forward beyond the tip of snout; relative finger lengths: II < I < IV < III; dorsum brown with irregularly reticulated green markings in males and young females, uniformly brown in some old adult females; males with velvety nuptial pad on thumb, paired gular pouches; mature oocytes almost purely black in life, showed dark grey animal pole and olive vegetative pole in preservative. In addition, we found O. bacboensis, a new country record from China, indicating a range extension from north-central Vietnam to southeast Yunnan and adjacent area in Guangxi.

Wang YY, Wang J, Liu ZY (2016)

Description of a new species of the genus Ptychozoon (Squamata: Gekkonidae), representing a new national record of this genus from southern Yunnan Province, China

Zootaxa, 4084, 406-420.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4084.3.6      URL     PMID:27394272      [本文引用: 3]

A new species of the Parachute Gecko, Ptychozoon bannaense sp. nov., is described on the basis of two specimens from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China. The new species can be distinguished from eight known congeners by the following combination of morphological characters: body size moderate, SVL 83.2-87.5 mm; rostral with a short dorsomedian groove; dorsal head and body covered with granular scales without enlarged tubercles, but male with several enlarged tubercles on the occipital region; two supranasals separated from each other by a large internasal; the absence of a predigital notch in the preantebrachial cutaneous flap; male possesses 17 preanofemoral pores in a continuous scale row; tail tubercle absent, 24 pairs of lateral denticulate cutaneous lobes of the tail; width of tail and caudal lobes progressively decreasing posteriorly; the terminal caudal flap short, semicircle, not expanded; lack of lobe fusion at the terminal caudal flap border; the presence of four dark dorsal bands between fore- and hind limbs insertions, the third and fourth dorsal bands fused into a X-shaped mark. The new species is also divergent from known taxa in mitochondrial gene sequences, supporting its recognition based on morphological characters. The discovery and description of Ptychozoon bannaense brings the total number of Ptychozoon to nine, and represents the first record of the genus Ptychozoon in China.

Wang YY, Gong SP, Liu P, Wang X (2017a)

A new species of the genus Takydromus (Squamata: Lacertidae) from Tianjingshan Forestry Station, northern Guangdong, China

Zootaxa, 4338, 441-458.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4338.3.2      URL     PMID:29245711      [本文引用: 2]

Many early descriptions of species of the genus Takydromus were based on limited diagnostic characteristics. This has caused considerable challenges in accurate species identification, meaning that a number of cryptic species have been erroneously identified as known species, resulting in substantially underestimated species diversity. We have integrated evidence from morphology and DNA sequence data to describe a new species of the Asian Grass Lizard, Takydromus albomaculosus sp. nov., based on two specimens from Tianjingshan Forestry Station, Ruyuan County, Guangdong Province, China. The new species can be distinguished from other known Takydromus species by distinctive morphological differences and significant genetic divergence in the mitochondrial COI gene. Morphologically, the new species differs from the known 22 congeners in the following combination of characters: relatively large body size, SVL 70.9 mm in female, 65.5 mm in male; presence of three or four pairs of femoral pores and four pairs of chin-shields; supraoculars three, rarely four, the posterior loreal either in contact with the anteriormost supraocular or not; the presence of supraciliary granules; the presence of six rows of ventral scales, strongly keeled in the male, and smooth but with the outermost row keeled in the female; the presence of enlarged and keeled lateral scales in a row above the ventrals, but shorter than the ventrals; subdigital lamellae 23-24 under the fourth finger and 29-30 under the fourth toe; dorsal surface brown, ventral surface green, flank dark brown or brown black with several prominent white round spots; the presence of a pair of white longitudinal dorsolateral stripes and a pair of white longitudinal ventrolateral stripes. Takydromus albomaculosus sp. nov. represents the twenty-third species of this genus, of which six species occur in northern Guangdong, where the biodiversity level of Takydromus is the second highest in the world, just below that of Taiwan.

Wang YY, Guo Q, Liu ZY, Lyu ZT, Wang J, Luo L, Sun YJ, Zhang YW (2017b)

Revisions of two poorly known species of Opisthotropis Günther, 1872 (Squamata: Colubridae: Natricinae) with description of a new species from China

Zootaxa, 4247, 391-412.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4247.4.3      URL     PMID:28610047      [本文引用: 2]

The previous descriptions of Opisthotropis maxwelli Boulenger, 1914 and O. andersonii (Boulenger, 1888) were considered imperfect due to the limited number of specimens. This may in turn cause a problem for accurate species identification. In our study, the species boundaries of these two species were investigated using an integrative approach incorporating morphological characters and molecular phylogenetic analyses of the mitochondrial Cyt b gene of 26 specimens of nine known Opisthotropis species collected from south-eastern China. Our results surprisingly revealed a new cryptic species, Opisthotropis shenzhenensis sp. nov., from Shenzhen and Dongguan, Guangdong Province, southern China. Further, we re-described O. maxwelli based on several specimens from Fujian and Guangdong, and O. andersonii based on a series of specimens from Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou, China. We provide an updated identification key to all described Opisthotropis species from China.

Wu SP, Huang CC, Tsai CL, Lin TE, Jhang JJ, Wu SH (2016)

Systematic revision of the Taiwanese genus Kurixalus members with a description of two new endemic species (Anura, Rhacophoridae)

ZooKeys, 557, 121-153.

DOI:10.3897/zookeys.557.6131      URL     PMID:26877703      [本文引用: 4]

Two new species of rhacophorid tree frog were identified in Taiwan. In both new taxa, derived reproductive characteristics of laying eggs in tree holes and oophagous tadpoles are shared with Kurixalus eiffingeri, but they are divergent from each other in molecular genetics, mating calls, and tadpole and adult morphology. The morphological characteristics and the molecular phylogenetic evidence support the hypothesis that the two new species, Kurixalus berylliniris sp. n. and Kurixalus wangi sp. n., are both monophyletic lineages.

Wu YH, Suwannapoom C, Xu K, Chen JM, Jin JQ, Chen HM, Murphy RW, Che J (2019)

A new species of the genus Raorchestes (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Yunnan Province, China

Zoological Research, 40, 558-563.

DOI:10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2019.066      URL     PMID:31631588      [本文引用: 2]

A new bush frog species, Raorchestes cangyuanensissp. nov., from Cangyuan, Yunnan Province, China, is described based on morphological and molecular analyses. It differs from all known congeners by a combination of the following characters: body size small, adult snout-vent length (SVL) 16.1-20.0 mm in males (n=3); tympanum indistinct; tips of all fingers and toes expanded into discs with circummarginal grooves; rudimentary webbing between toes; fingers and toes with lateral dermal fringes; inner and outer metacarpal tubercles present; heels meeting when limbs held at right angles to body; crotch with a distinct black patch; discs of fingers and toes orange; male with external single subgular vocal sac and reddish nuptial pad at the base of first finger.

Xie YL, Wang P, Zhong GH, Zhu F, Liu Q, Che J, Shi L, Murphy RW, Guo P (2018)

Molecular phylogeny found the distribution of Bungarus candidus in China (Squamata: Elapidae)

Zoological Systematics, 43, 109-117.

[本文引用: 1]

Yan F, Jiang K, Wang K, Jin JQ, Suwannapoom C, Li C, Che J (2016)

The Australasian frog family Ceratobatrachidae in China, Myanmar and Thailand: Discovery of a new Himalayan forest frog clade

Zoological Research, 37, 7-14.

DOI:10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2016.1.7      URL     [本文引用: 2]

In an effort to study the systematic affinities and specieslevel phylogenetic relationships of the enigmatic anurans variably assigned to the genera Ingerana or Limnonectes (family Dicroglossidae), we collected new molecular sequence data for five species including four Himalayan taxa, Limnonectes xizangensis, Lim. medogensis, Lim. alpine, Ingerana borealis and one southeast Asian species, I. tasanae, and analyzed these together with data from previous studies involving other ostensibly related taxa. Our surprising results demonstrate unequivocally that Lim. xizangensis, Lim. medogensis and Lim. alpine form a strongly supported clade, the sister-group of the family Australasian forest frog family Ceratobatrachidae. This discovery requires an expansion of the definition of Ceratobatrachidae and represents the first record of this family in China. These three species are distinguished from the species of Ingerana and Limnonectes by the: (1) absence of interdigital webbing of the foot, (2) absence of terminal discs on fingers and toes, (3) absence of circumarginal grooves on the fingers and toes, and (4) absence of tarsal folds. Given their phylogenetic and morphological distinctiveness, we assign them to the oldest available generic name for this clade, Liurana Dubois 1987, and transfer Liurana from Dicroglossidae to the family Ceratobatrachidae. In contrast, Ingerana tasanae was found to be clustered with strong support with the recently described genus Alcalus (Ceratobatrachidae), a small clade of otherwise Sundaic species; this constitutes a new record of the family Ceratobatrachidae for Myanmar and Thailand. Finally, Ingerana borealis clustered with the "true" Ingerana (family Dicroglossidae), for which the type species is I. tenasserimensis.

Yan J, Lin YB, Guo WB, Li P, Zhou KY (2016)

A new species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, 1860 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Guizhou, China

Zootaxa, 4117, 543-554.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4117.4.6      URL     PMID:27395192      [本文引用: 2]

A new species of the genus Hemiphyllodactylus is described from Huishui County, Guizhou Province, Southwest China. Hemiphyllodactylus huishuiensis sp. nov. is distinguished from all other congeners by having the unique combination of the following characters: a maximum SVL of 51.2 mm; 8 or 10 chin scales; enlarged postmental scales; 3 circumnasal scales; 2 or 3 scales between the supranasals; 9-11 supralabials; 9-11 infralabials; 13-15 dorsal scales; 7-9 ventral scales; a lamellar hand formula of 3-4-4-4 or 4-4/5-5-4; a lamellar foot formula of 4-4/5-5-4/5; 3 subdigital lamellae on the first finger and first toe; a continuous precloacal and femoral pore series of less than 20; one cloacal spur in both males and females; no enlarged subcaudal scales; dark dorsal transverse blotches; dark postorbital stripe; a brown postsacral mark bearing anteriorly projecting arms; and unpigmented caecum and gonads. The new species also occurs in Ziyun County, Guizhou Province, China.

Yang DT (1991)

Phylogenetic systematics of the Amolops group of ranid frogs of southeastern Asia and the greater Sudan Islands

Fieldiana Zoology, 63, 1-42.

[本文引用: 1]

Yang DT, Liu WZ (1994)

Relationships among species groups of Varanus from Southern Southeastern Asia with description of a new species from Vietnam

Zoological Research, 15, 11-15. (in Chinese with English abstract)

URL     [本文引用: 1]

In the present paper,four new species of the genus Hepialus are described.The type specimens collected from the snow mountains of alpine meadow are kept in the Kunming Institute of Zoology,Academia Sinica,Kunming,China.

[ 杨大同, 刘万兆 (1994)

南亚和东南亚巨蜥居群的种间亲缘和越南一新种描述

动物学研究, 15, 11-15.]

URL     [本文引用: 1]

In the present paper,four new species of the genus Hepialus are described.The type specimens collected from the snow mountains of alpine meadow are kept in the Kunming Institute of Zoology,Academia Sinica,Kunming,China.

Yang DT, Rao DQ (2008) Amphibia and Reptilia of Yunnan. Yunnan Science and Techonology Press, Kunming. (in Chinese)

[本文引用: 6]

[ 杨大同, 饶定齐 (2008) 云南两栖爬行动物. 云南科技出版社, 昆明.]

[本文引用: 6]

Yang JH (2015)

A new species of the genus Gekko Laurenti (Squamata: Sauria: Gekkonidae) from Guangxi, China

Zootaxa, 3936, 287-295.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.3936.2.9      URL     PMID:25947437      [本文引用: 2]

A new species of the genus Gekko is described on the basis of six specimens from Wuming county of Guangxi, southern China. Gekko kwangsiensis sp. nov. is distinguished from other congeners by a combination of the following characters: body relatively small (SVL 64.2-69.7 mm in adults), slender; nares in contact with rostral; internasal absent or single; postmentals two (rarely three), enlarged; interorbital scales between anterior corners of the eyes 29-31; dorsal tubercle rows 9-11; ventral scales between mental and cloacal slit 185-208; midbody scale rows 143-156; ventral scale rows 41-45; subdigital lamellae on first toe 11-13, on fourth toe 13-18; finger and toe webbing weakly developed; tubercles absent on upper surface of fore limbs and hind limbs; precloacal pores nine or ten in males, absent in females; postcloacal tubercle single; tubercles present on dorsal surface of tail base; subcaudals enlarged; dorsal surface of body with 9 or 10 thin light bands between nape and sacrum, and dorsal surface of tail with remarkable black and white bands. Data on the natural history of the new species are provided, and the number of species in the genus Gekko recorded from China is now 17.

Yang JH, Chan BPL (2015)

Two new species of the genus Goniurosaurus (Squamata: Sauria: Eublepharidae) from southern China

Zootaxa, 3980, 67-80.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.3980.1.4      URL     PMID:26249939      [本文引用: 4]

Two new species of large geckos in the genus Goniurosaurus are described based on specimens collected from karst areas of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, southern China: Goniurosaurus kadoorieorum sp. nov. and Goniurosaurus kwangsiensis sp. nov. Data on natural history of the new species are provided, as well as discussions on the current conservation status of Goniurosaurus species in southern China. Due to the popularity of this genus as novelty pets, and recurring cases of scientific descriptions driving herpetofauna to near-extinction by commercial collectors, we do not disclose the collecting localities of these restricted-range species in this publication. However, such information has been presented to relevant government agencies, and is available upon request by fellow scientists.

Yang JH, Chan BPL (2018)

A new phytotelm-breeding treefrog of the genus Nasutixalus (Rhacophoridae) from western Yunnan of China

Zootaxa, 4388, 191-206.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4388.2.3      URL     PMID:29690452      [本文引用: 3]

A new treefrog of the genus Nasutixalus is described from montane evergreen forest in Yingjiang County, in western Yunnan, China. The new species, Nasutixalus yingjiangensis sp. nov., can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: medium body size (SVL 39.5-40.0 mm in adult males, 47.5 mm in a single female); tympanum indistinct and covered with tubercles; disc diameter of third finger greater than tympanum diameter; dorsal skin relatively smooth, scattered with small tubercles, those on head and anterior dorsum of body more dense and more prominent; light brown above with a dark brown marking between eyes and two broad dark brown lateral strips on the dorsum; iris with a weak "X"-shaped, light colored marking; interorbital distance shorter than the upper eyelid width; comparatively short foot (mean TFL/SVL ratio 67.0% and 62.9% in males and female respectively). The new species appears to be forest-dependent and was found in well-preserved montane rainforest; it inhabits the canopy and breeds in tree holes during the rainy season. The type locality of the new species is an isolated forest fragment surrounded by degraded landscape and efforts are already underway to protect the site. Nasutixalus yingjiangensis sp. nov. represents the third known species of the newly established genus Nasutixalus.

Yang JH, Zheng X (2018)

A new species of the genus Calamaria (Squamata: Colubridae) from Yunnan Province, China

Copeia, 106, 485-491.

DOI:10.1643/CH-17-663      URL     [本文引用: 2]

Yang JH, Rao DQ, Wang YY (2015)

A new species of the genus Liuixalus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from southern China

Zootaxa, 3990, 247-258.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.3990.2.5      URL     PMID:26250231      [本文引用: 2]

A new tree frog species of the genus Liuixalus was described from Heishiding Nature Reserve, Guangdong Province, China based on a combination of morphological characters and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Liuixalus feii sp. nov. is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of following characters: small size (SVL 16.2-17.6 mm in adult males and 18.0-18.7 mm in adult females); snout obtusely pointed; tympanum distinct, about half size of eye diameter; nostril closer to eye than to the tip of snout; fingers free of webbing; toe III longer than toe V; toes weakly webbed; tibiotarsal articulation reaching the naris or loreal; dorsal skin smooth and scattered with fine granulars; a subtle longitudinal median ridge present on dorsum; weak skin folds present on dorsal surface of body and thighs; supratympanic fold distinct and curved; ventral surface dull white with more or less irregular dark spots; iris bicolored. The new species appears to be forest-dependent and to date has only been found on the forest floor in primary forests at elevations between 350-800 m. Based on our molecular analyses, we consider Liuixalus catbaensis as a junior synonym of L. calcarius. Thus, with the description of the new species, the genus Liuixalus hitherto contains five recognized species, four of which are endemic to China.

Yang JH, Wang YY, Chan BP (2016a)

A new species of the genus Leptobrachium (Anura: Megophryidae) from the Gaoligongshan Mountain Range, China

Zootaxa, 4150, 133-148.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4150.2.3      URL     PMID:27515651      [本文引用: 2]

We describe a new species of the genus Leptobrachium from the Gaoligongshan Mountain Range, Yunnan Province of China based on molecular and morphological evidences. The new species, Leptobrachium tengchongense sp. nov., can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: (1) relatively small size (adult males SVL 41.7-51.5 mm); (2) head width slightly larger than head length; (3) tympanum indistinct; (4) two palmar tubercles oval and distinct, inner one larger than outer one; (5) sexually active males without spines on the upper lip; (6) dorsal skin smooth with distinct network of ridges; (7) dorsum pinkish grey and scattered with irregular black markings; (8) venter dark purplish-gray with numerous small white spots on tubercles, solid white chest; (9) iris bicolored, upper one-third light blue, lower two-third dark brown. With the description of the new species, the number of Leptobrachium species currently known from China adds up to ten.

Yang JH, Wang YY, Chen GL, Rao DQ (2016b)

A new species of the genus Leptolalax (Anura: Megophryidae) from Mt. Gaoligongshan of western Yunnan Province, China

Zootaxa, 4088, 379-394.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4088.3.4      URL     PMID:27394346      [本文引用: 3]

A new species of the genus Leptolalax is described from the Tengchong Section of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve, Tengchong County, Yunnan Province, China. The new species, Leptolalax tengchongensis sp. nov., can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: (1) small size (SVL 23.9-26.0 mm in males, 28.8-28.9 mm in females); (2) dorsal skin shagreened and scattered with fine, round reddish tubercles; (3) toes with rudimentary webbing and narrow lateral fringes; (4) tympanum distinctly discernible, almost entirely black; (5) ventrolateral glands indistinct; (6) flanks with several distinct and large dark blotches; (7) ventral surfaces white, scattered with distinct irregular dark speckling; (8) iris not bicolored, uniformly dark brown and scattered with minute, coppery reticulations throughout. To date, the new species has only been found at its type locality in evergreen broadleaf forests at elevations between 2000-2100 m.

Yang JH, Wang J, Wang YY (2018a)

A new species of the genus Megophrys (Anura: Megophryidae) from Yunnan Province, China

Zootaxa, 4413, 325-338.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4413.2.5      URL     PMID:29690111      [本文引用: 3]

We describe a new horned toad species of the genus Megophrys from Yingjiang County of Yunnan Province, China. The new species, Megophrys feii sp. nov., can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: (1) body slender and small (SVL 24.3-25.1 mm in four males, 28.2-28.9 mm in two females); (2) head length about equal to head width (HDL/HDW 0.97-0.99); (3) tympanum circular and distinct; (4) maxillary teeth present; (5) vomerine ridges and vomerine teeth absent; (6) tongue round, slightly notched posteriorly; (7) tibia long (TIB/SVL 0.48-0.52 in four males, 0.54-0.55 in two females), shanks overlapping when thighs are held at right angles to the body; (8) dorsal skin distinctly granular and densely covered with small tubercles; (9) lower flanks and lateral sides of belly scattered with small but prominent, white, tubercles; (10) webbing between toes rudimentary; (11) lateral fringes on toes moderate to wide; (12) breeding males without nuptial pads and spines on fingers; (13) protruding projection posterior to cloaca present in both sexes; (14) groin and ventral thigh coloration in life not contrasting with surrounding regions; (15) the presence of an indistinct and small horn-like tubercle at the edge of the eyelid; and (16) an advertisement call with a dominant frequency of 4.74-4.91 kHz (at 18 ˚C). To date, the new species has only been found at its type locality in stream areas in montane evergreen broadleaf forests between 700-1200 m elevation.

Yang JH, Zeng ZC, Wang YY (2018b)

Description of two new sympatric species of the genus Leptolalax (Anura: Megophryidae) from western Yunnan of China

PeerJ, 6, e4586.

DOI:10.7717/peerj.4586      URL     PMID:29666755      [本文引用: 5]

The Asian leaf litter toads of the genus Leptolalax represent a highly diverse species group and currently contain 53 recognized species. During herpetological surveys in Yingjiang County, western Yunnan of China, we collected series of Leptolalax specimens from an isolated small fragment of montane evergreen forest. Subsequent study based on acoustic, morphological and molecular data reveals that there were three different species among the specimens sampled: while one of them belongs to Leptolalax ventripunctataus, the other two species represent unknown taxa and are described herein: Leptolalax purpurussp. nov. and Leptolalax yingjiangensissp. nov. The two new species can be distinguished from other congeners by the molecular divergences, acoustic data, and by a combination of morphological characters including: body size, dorsal and ventral patterns, dorsal skin texture, sizes of pectoral and femoral glands, degree of webbing and fringing on the toes and fingers, dorsum coloration and iris coloration in life. Our results further reveal that species diversity of the genus Leptolalax still remains highly underestimated and warrants further attention.

Yang JH, Huang XY (2019)

A new species of Scutiger (Anura: Megophryidae) from the Gaoligongshan Mountain Range, China

Copeia, 107, 10-21.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4150.2.3      URL     PMID:27515651      [本文引用: 2]

We describe a new species of the genus Leptobrachium from the Gaoligongshan Mountain Range, Yunnan Province of China based on molecular and morphological evidences. The new species, Leptobrachium tengchongense sp. nov., can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: (1) relatively small size (adult males SVL 41.7-51.5 mm); (2) head width slightly larger than head length; (3) tympanum indistinct; (4) two palmar tubercles oval and distinct, inner one larger than outer one; (5) sexually active males without spines on the upper lip; (6) dorsal skin smooth with distinct network of ridges; (7) dorsum pinkish grey and scattered with irregular black markings; (8) venter dark purplish-gray with numerous small white spots on tubercles, solid white chest; (9) iris bicolored, upper one-third light blue, lower two-third dark brown. With the description of the new species, the number of Leptobrachium species currently known from China adds up to ten.

You CW, Poyarkov NA, Lin SM (2015)

Diversity of the snail-eating snakes Pareas (Serpentes, Pareatidae) from Taiwan

Zoologica Scripta, 44, 349-361.

DOI:10.1111/zsc.2015.44.issue-4      URL     [本文引用: 4]

Yu GH, Wang J, Hou M, Rao DQ, Yang JX (2017)

A new species of the genus Kurixalus from Yunnan, China (Anura, Rhacophoridae)

ZooKeys, 694, 71-93.

DOI:10.3897/zookeys.694.12785      URL     PMID:29134000      [本文引用: 2]

A new species of the genus Kurixalus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) is described from Yunnan, China based on morphological and molecular evidence. The new species, Kurixalus lenquanensissp. n., is distinguished from other congeneric species by a combination of (1) smaller body size (SVL in males ranges from 25.0 to 28.9 mm), (2) obtusely pointed snout with no prominence on tip, (3) rough and brown dorsum with darker mark, (4) absence of large dark spots on ventral surface, (5) brownish clouded chin, (6) granular throat, chest, and belly, (7) presence of vomerine teeth, (8) serrated dermal fringes along outer edge of limbs, (9) slight nuptial pad, (10) golden brown iris, and (11) single internal vocal sac. The new species is known only from montane scrub vegetation at the type locality (Lenquan Village, Mengzi City, Yunnan Province) and Yangjiatian Village, Gejiu City, Yunnan Province. Genetically, the new species is nested within a clade of Taiwanese Kurixalus and recovered as the sister taxon to Kurixalus idiootocus with strong support values, indicating that the ancestor of this new species might have come from Taiwan Island or the ancestor of this new species may have been widespread in southern China and the descendent species in between Taiwan and Yunnan has become extinct.

Yu GH, Hui H, Rao DQ, Yang JX (2018)

A new species of Kurixalus from western Yunnan, China (Anura, Rhacophoridae)

ZooKeys, 770, 211-226.

DOI:10.3897/zookeys.770.23526      URL     PMID:30002595      [本文引用: 2]

A new species of the genus Kurixalus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) is described from western Yunnan, China. Genetically the new species, Kurixalus yangisp. n., is closer to Kurixalus naso than to other known congeners. Morphologically the new species is distinguished from all other known congeners by a combination of the following characters: smaller ratios of head, snout, limbs, IND, and UEW to body size; male body size larger than 30 mm; curved canthus rostralis; weak nuptial pad; brown dorsal color; absence of large dark spots on surface of upper-middle abdomen; presence of vomerine teeth; gold brown iris; single internal vocal sac; serrated dermal fringes along outer edge of limbs; granular throat and chest; rudimentary web between fingers; and presence of supernumerary tubercles and outer metacarpal tubercle.

Yu GH, Hui H, Wang J, Rao D, Wu Z, Yang JX (2019a)

A new species of Gracixalus (Anura, Rhacophoridae) from Yunnan, China

ZooKeys, 851, 91-111.

DOI:10.3897/zookeys.851.32157      URL     PMID:31205444      [本文引用: 2]

A new species of the genus Gracixalus, Gracixalusyunnanensissp. n., is described based on a series of specimens collected from southwestern and southern Yunnan, China. This species is distinguished from all other known congeners by a combination of the following characters: relatively small body size in adult males (SVL 26.0-34.2 mm); dorsal surface yellow brown or red brown; distinctive conical asperities on dorsum; males with an external subgular vocal sac and linea masculina; throat, chest, and belly nearly immaculate; venter surface orangish with yellow spots, semi-transparent; snout rounded; supratympanic fold distinct; iris bronze; lack of white patch on temporal region; tibiotarsal projection absent; sides of body nearly smooth with no black blotch; finger webbing rudimentary; and toe webbing formula I1.5-2II1.5-2.7III.5-3IV2.5-1.5V. Genetically, the new species diverges from its congeners by 2.2%-14.1% (uncorrected p-distance) and is closest to G.guangdongensis. However, the new species can morphologically be separated from G.guangdongensis by distinctive conical tubercles on dorsum (versus absent), lateral surface nearly smooth with no black blotches on ventrolateral region (versus lateral surface rough, scattered with tubercles and black blotches on ventrolateral region), snout rounded (versus triangularly pointed), iris bronze (versus iris brown), and ventral surface orangish (versus throat and chest creamy white and belly light brown).

Yu GH, Hui H, Hou M, Wu ZJ, Rao DQ, Yang JX (2019b)

A new species of Zhangixalus (Anura: Rhacophoridae), previously confused with Zhangixalus smaragdinus (Blyth, 1852)

Zootaxa, 4711, 275-292.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.3      URL     PMID:32230496      [本文引用: 4]

We describe a new species of Zhangixalus from southern Yunnan of China, Vietnam, and Thailand based on morphological and molecular evidence. The new species had been confused with Zhangixalus smaragdinus (Blyth, 1852) in the past. Zhangixalus pachyproctus sp. nov. can be distinguished from Z. smaragdinus morphologically by the protruding vent in adult males, large thick grey reticular mottles below the white stripe on flank, more oblique snout in profile and wider head, longer snout, greater internarial distance, larger tympanum and longer hindlimb. The new species can be distinguished from other species of Zhangixalus with green dorsum by the following combination of characters: body size larger (SVL of adult males: 74.2-83.3 mm; SVL of adult female: 102.4 mm); dorsum smooth; narrow white stripes along edge of the lower jaw, body sides, outer side of limbs and above the vent; absence of brown bands on canthus rostralis, upper eyelid and supratympanic fold; webbing between fingers and toes complete except between the first two fingers; and internal single subgular vocal sac. Phylogeny based on comparison of 16S rRNA sequences suggests that the new species is the sister taxon to Z. smaragdinus and the two species differ by 7.63% in the uncorrected pairwise distance of 16S sequences.

Yu GH, Liu S, Hou M, Li S, Yang JX (2019c)

Extension in distribution of Raorchestes parvulus (Boulenger, 1893) (Anura: Rhacophoridae) to China

Zootaxa, 4577, 381-391.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4577.2.10      URL     PMID:31715729      [本文引用: 1]

We record Raorchestes parvulus (Boulenger, 1893) for the first time from China based on six specimens collected from southern Yunnan. Phylogenetically these individuals were placed in a clade with R. parvulus from Southeast Asia and pairwise genetic distances in DNA sequences of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene ranged from 0 to 3.1% within the clade. Morphologically these specimens agree with R. parvulus in a series of characters including body size small, a large external vocal sac, vomerine teeth absent, snout slightly shorter than the diameter of the orbit, canthus rostralis indistinct, interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid, tympanum indistinct, fingers free, toes webbed at the base, an inner metatarsal tubercle, tibio-tarsal articulation reaches eye, small warts on the dorsal surfaces of body and limbs, throat smooth, belly granular, a dark triangular blotch between the eyes, a butterfly-like dark band on the back, a dark blotch on each side of lumbar region, and more or less distinct dark bars across limbs. Obvious intraspecific variation in the color pattern occurs within the population. It is possible that previous records of Raorchestes longchuanensis (Yang and Li, 1979) from southern Yunnan might be misidentification of R. parvulus.

Yu GH, Wu ZJ, Yang JX (2019d)

A new species of the Amolops monticola group (Anura: Ranidae) from southwestern Yunnan, China

Zootaxa, 4577, 548-560.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4577.3.8      URL     PMID:31715714      [本文引用: 2]

We describe the new species Amolops mengdingensis sp. nov. from southwestern Yunnan, China. It belongs to the Amolops monticola species group and phylogenetically clusters together with Amolops akhaorum and Amolops archotaphus with strong support, although the relationships between these three species are not resolved. Distance between the new species and A. akhaorum is 4.7% and distance between the new species and A. archotaphus is 5.2% for 16S rRNA sequences. The new species is characterized by the following characters: distinct dorsolateral folds; side of the head dark brown with a white upper lip stripe extending to the axilla; dorsal surface smooth, except white spinules on posterior part of dorsolateral folds and above vent; top of head and dorsum green with dark spots in life; loreal region dark brown and flanks brown without any coloration of green; SVL 36.9-40.2 mm in males and 64.3 mm in female; two external subgular vocal sacs in males; vomerine teeth in two oblique ridges, separated by a small distance; pineal body absent; snout longer than eye diameter; internarial space broader than interorbital space; tympanum distinct, smaller than half of eye diameter; all fingertips expanded; two palmar tubercles; outer metatarsal tubercle absent; tibiotarsal articulation reaching beyond snout tip; near immaculate venter; limbs dorsally grayish brown with clear dark brown bars on hindlimbs; and velvety nuptial pads.

Yuan ZY, Suwannapoom C, Yan F, Poyarkov NA, Nguyen SN, Chen HM, Chomdej S, Murphy RW, Che J (2016a)

Red River barrier and Pleistocene climatic fluctuations shaped the genetic structure of Microhyla fissipes complex (Anura: Microhylidae) in southern China and Indochina

Current Zoology, 62, 531-543.

DOI:10.1093/cz/zow042      URL     PMID:29491943      [本文引用: 1]

South China and Indochina host striking species diversity and endemism. Complex tectonic and climatic evolutions appear to be the main drivers of the biogeographic patterns. In this study, based on the geologic history of this region, we test 2 hypotheses using the evolutionary history of Microhyla fissipes species complex. Using DNA sequence data from both mitochondrial and nuclear genes, we first test the hypothesis that the Red River is a barrier to gene flow and dispersal. Second, we test the hypothesis that Pleistocene climatic cycling affected the genetic structure and population history of these frogs. We detect 2 major genetic splits that associate with the Red River. Time estimation suggests that late Miocene tectonic movement associated with the Red River drove their diversification. Species distribution modeling (SDM) resolves significant ecological differences between sides of the Red River. Thus, ecological divergence also probably promoted and maintained the diversification. Genogeography, historical demography, and SDM associate patterns in southern China with climate changes of the last glacial maximum (LGM), but not Indochina. Differences in geography and climate between the 2 areas best explain the discovery. Responses to the Pleistocene glacial-interglacial cycling vary among species and regions.

Yuan ZY, Wu YJ, Zhou JJ, Che J (2016b)

A new species of the genus Paramesotriton (Caudata: Salamandridae) from Fujian, southeastern China

Zootaxa, 4205, 549-563.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4205.6.3      URL     PMID:27988548      [本文引用: 2]

New amphibian species have been constantly discovered throughout southern China, including from areas close to heavily populated cities that remain poorly surveyed for amphibian diversity. We describe a new species of the newt genus Paramesotriton from Fujian, a developed province on the southeastern coast of mainland China. The mitochondrial genealogy suggests that the new species is the sister taxon to Paramesotriton hongkongensis, separated by an uncorrected pairwise distances of 5.8% at the ND2 gene fragment analyzed. In addition to the genetic divergence, the new species can be readily differentiated from its congeners by having: a very rough skin; a continuous, orange, vertebral ridge; few warts on each side of the vertebral ridge; numerous small irregular orange-red or yellow spots on the chin, venter, underside of axillae, flanks, lateral side of the tail, base of limbs and cloaca; a small groove at the base of the vomerine tooth series; relatively long tail, relatively flat cloaca in females; normally developed eyes, and the absence of vestigial gills and gill filaments in adults.

Yuan ZY, Zhang BL, Che J (2016c)

A new species of the genus Pachytriton (Caudata: Salamandridae) from Hunan and Guangxi, southeastern China

Zootaxa, 4085, 219-232.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4085.2.3      URL     PMID:27394299      [本文引用: 2]

Despite recent descriptions of multiple new species of the genus Pachytriton (Salamandridae), species richness in this China-endemic newts genus likely remains underestimated. In this study, we describe a new species of Pachytriton from northeastern Guangxi and southern Hunan, southeastern China. Both molecular analyses and morphological characters reveal that the new species can be distinguished from its congeners. The mitochondrial gene tree identified the new lineage highly divergent (uncorrected p-distance > 5.8 % by mitochondrial gene) from currently recognized species and placed it as the sister species of P. xanthospilos and P. changi. Furthermore, a nuclear gene haplotype network revealed a unique haplotype in the new populations. Statistical species delimitation using Bayes factor strongly supported the evolutionary independence of the new species from the closely-related P. xanthospilos. Morphologically, the new species is characterized by a uniformly dark brown dorsum without bright orange dots or black spots; irregular orange blotches on the venter; tips of fingers and toes orange on the dorsal side; moderately developed webs on the side of digits; absence of costal grooves between the axilla and groin; and widely open vomerine tooth series.

Yuan ZY, Sun RD, Chen JM, Rowley JJL, Wu ZJ, Hou SB, Che J (2017)

A new species of the genus Leptolalax (Anura: Megophryidae) from Guangxi, China

Zootaxa, 4300, 551-570.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4300.4      URL     [本文引用: 3]

Yuan ZY, Jin JQ, Li JN, Stuart BL, Wu J (2018)

A new species of Cascade Frog (Amphibia: Ranidae) in the Amolops monticola group from China

Zootaxa, 4415, 498-512.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4415.3.5      URL     PMID:30313613      [本文引用: 2]

A new species, Amolops wenshanensis sp. nov., is described from Guangxi and Yunnan Provinces, China. The new species is a member of the A. monticola group, and is distinguished from its congeners using morphological and molecular data. The new species is diagnosed by having glandular dorsolateral folds; smooth skin; side of head dark with a light-colored upper lip stripe extending to axilla; green dorsal coloration in life; immaculate venter; indistinct transverse bands on dorsal surfaces of limbs; tympanum distinct; pineal body absent; all fingertips expanded with circummarginal grooves; two oblique vomerine teeth; vocal sac and white nuptial pad present in males; supratympanic fold absent; outer metatarsal tubercle absent; glandular gold-white flank spot absent; and skin on venter not translucent. A molecular phylogenetic analysis is performed using the mitochondrial (mt) NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) gene and parts of flanking tRNA genes for nine of the 15 members of the A. monticola group with available homologous sequences. The new species is sister to a clade containing A. cucae and A. compotrix, two species known from adjacent parts of Vietnam and Laos. The new species differs from its congeners by having an uncorrected p-distance of > 6.7% in the mt DNA fragment examined. At present, the new species is known from small, montane streams near Wenshan, Yunnan Province, and Jingxi, Guangxi Province, China.

Yuan ZY, Liu XL, Wang K, Wang J, Chen JM, Jin JQ, Wei PF, Zhou JJ, Che J (2019)

Nidirana chapaensis (Bourret, 1937), one additional anuran species for the amphibian fauna of China

Zootaxa, 4571, 580-588.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4571.4.10      URL     PMID:31715798      [本文引用: 1]

The China-Vietnam border region is a well-known biodiversity hotspot, harboring a striking diversity of species and endemism. However, the largest part of this region is so far understudied due to restrictions by political boundaries and difficulties in accessibility. Consequently, many species have only been reported from one side of the political boundary, despite the presence of continuous habitat on both sides. In this study, we present our discovery of the frog Nidirana chapaensis in southern Yunnan Province, China. This species was previously known only from Vietnam. All major morphometric characters of these Chinese specimens were found to match with the Vietnamese specimens. In addition, our mitochondrial phylogeny suggests that the Chinese population is monophyletic with respect to topotypic Nidirana chapaensis, with uncorrected pairwise distances of 0.2% at the COI gene fragment analyzed. Therefore, we report Nidirana chapaensis as a new member of amphibian fauna of China, describe the morphological variation of the Chinese population, and provide additional natural history data of this species based on our observation from China.

Zaher H, Grazziotin FG, Cadle JE, Murphy RW, Moura-Leite JCD, Bonatto SL (2009)

Molecular phylogeny of advanced snakes (Serpentes, Caenophidia) with an emphasis on South American Xenodontines: A revised classification and descriptions of new taxa

Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 49, 115-153.

DOI:10.1590/S0031-10492009001100001      URL     [本文引用: 2]

Zaher H, Murphy RW, Arredondo JC, Graboski R, Machado- Filho PR, Mahlow K, Montingelli GG, Quadros AB, Orlov NL, Wilkinson M (2019)

Large-scale molecular phylogeny, morphology, divergence-time estimation, and the fossil record of advanced caenophidian snakes (Squamata: Serpentes)

PLoS ONE, 14, e0216148.

DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0216148      URL     PMID:31075128      [本文引用: 3]

Caenophidian snakes include the file snake genus Acrochordus and advanced colubroidean snakes that radiated mainly during the Neogene. Although caenophidian snakes are a well-supported clade, their inferred affinities, based either on molecular or morphological data, remain poorly known or controversial. Here, we provide an expanded molecular phylogenetic analysis of Caenophidia and use three non-parametric measures of support-Shimodaira-Hasegawa-Like test (SHL), Felsentein (FBP) and transfer (TBE) bootstrap measures-to evaluate the robustness of each clade in the molecular tree. That very different alternative support values are common suggests that results based on only one support value should be viewed with caution. Using a scheme to combine support values, we find 20.9% of the 1265 clades comprising the inferred caenophidian tree are unambiguously supported by both SHL and FBP values, while almost 37% are unsupported or ambiguously supported, revealing the substantial extent of phylogenetic problems within Caenophidia. Combined FBP/TBE support values show similar results, while SHL/TBE result in slightly higher combined values. We consider key morphological attributes of colubroidean cranial, vertebral and hemipenial anatomy and provide additional morphological evidence supporting the clades Colubroides, Colubriformes, and Endoglyptodonta. We review and revise the relevant caenophidian fossil record and provide a time-calibrated tree derived from our molecular data to discuss the main cladogenetic events that resulted in present-day patterns of caenophidian diversification. Our results suggest that all extant families of Colubroidea and Elapoidea composing the present-day endoglyptodont fauna originated rapidly within the early Oligocene-between approximately 33 and 28 Mya-following the major terrestrial faunal turnover known as the "Grande Coupure" and associated with the overall climate shift at the Eocene-Oligocene boundary. Our results further suggest that the caenophidian radiation originated within the Caenozoic, with the divergence between Colubroides and Acrochordidae occurring in the early Eocene, at ~ 56 Mya.

Zeng ZC, Zhao J, Chen CQ, Chen GL, Zhang Z, Wang YY (2017)

A new species of the genus Gracixalus (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Mount Jinggang, southeastern China

Zootaxa, 4250, 171-185.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4250.2.3      URL     PMID:28610025      [本文引用: 2]

A new species, Gracixalus jinggangensis sp. nov., is described based on a series of specimens collected from Mount Jinggang, Jiangxi Province, southeastern China. The new species is distinguished from all other known congeners by the following combination of morphological characters: relatively small body size, SVL 27.9-33.8 mm in nine males and 31.6 mm in a single female; upper eyelid and dorsum lacking spines; skin of dorsal and lateral surface of head, body and limbs rough with sparsely scattered with tubercles; ventral skin granular; tibiotarsal projection absent; finger webbing rudimentary; toes with moderately developed webbing; brown to beige above in life, with an inverse Y-shaped dark brown marking extending from the interorbital region to the middle of dorsum; males with a single, subgular vocal sac, barely visible nuptial pads with minute granules on the dorsal surface of the bases of first and second fingers. The new species is also genetically divergent from all other Gracixalus for which comparable 16S rRNA gene sequences are available. The discovery of Gracixalus jinggangensis sp. nov. represents the twelfth known species in the genus.

Zhang MH, Fei L, Ye CY, Wang YF, Wang B, Jiang JP (2018)

A new species of genus Microhyla (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae) from Zhejiang Province, China

Asian Herpetological Research, 9, 135-148.

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Zhang MW, Han FY, Ye J, Ni QY, Li Y, Yao YF, Xu HL (2018)

The entire mitochondrial genome of Vietnam Warty Newt Paramesotriton deloustali (Salamandridae: Paramesotriton) with a new distribution record from China

Conservation Genetics Resources, 10, 551-554.

DOI:10.1007/s12686-017-0804-3      URL     [本文引用: 1]

Zhang YN, Li G, Xiao N, Li J, Pan T, Wang H, Zhang BW, Zhou J (2017)

A new species of the genus Xenophrys (Amphibia: Anura: Megophryidae) from Libo County, Guizhou, China

Asian Herpetological Research, 8, 75-85.

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A new species of the genus Rana from Henan, central China (Anura, Ranidae)

ZooKeys, 694, 95-108.

DOI:10.3897/zookeys.694.12513      URL     PMID:29134001      [本文引用: 2]

A new species of brown frog Rana luanchuanensis Zhao & Yuan, sp. n. is described from Luanchuan County, western Henan, central China. The mitochondrial genealogy suggests that the new species is the sister taxon to the clade including R. amurensis and R. coreana, and is separated by uncorrected pairwise distances more than 12.5%. Morphologically, this new species differs from its congeners by a suite of characters. Analyses of partial sequences of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) resolve the new species as a single matriline.

Zhong GH, Chen WD, Liu Q, Zhu F, Peng PH, Guo P (2015)

Valid or not? Yunnan mountain snake Plagiopholis unipostocularis (Serpentes: Colubridae: Pseudoxenodontinae)

Zootaxa, 4020, 390-396.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4020.2.9      URL     PMID:26624106      [本文引用: 2]

Plagiopholis unipostocularis Zhao, Jiang & Huang, 1978 is a small snake endemic to Yunnan, southern China. Its validity is still controversial and unresolved. Based on extensive sampling in Yunnan, we conducted morphological comparison and molecular phylogenetics on the unidentified specimens of Plagiopholis from Yunnan. Based on a combination of morphological comparison and molecular phylogeny, the newly collected specimens could be identified as P. blakewayi. While some specimens exhibit one or more diagnostics of P. unipostocularis, and some characteristics are intermediate between that of Plagiopholis unipostocularis and P. blakewayi. Thus morphological continuities between two species uncovered P. unipostocularis is a synonymy of P. blakewayi, and the diagnostics of this species was revised accordingly.

Zhou RB, Wang N, Chen B, Liang B (2018)

Morphological evidence uncovers a new species of Goniurosaurus (Squamata: Eublepharidae) from the Hainan Island, China

Zootaxa, 4369, 281-291.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4369.2.8      URL     PMID:29689892      [本文引用: 2]

A new species of the genus Goniurosaurus, G. zhoui sp. nov., is described based on specimens collected from karst areas in Hainan Island, China. Quantitative comparison of morphological traits and egg size with two known endemic species in Hainan Island and other known congeners confirmed the distinctiveness of G. zhoui sp. nov., which has a moderate size with a snout-vent length of 93.4-97.4 mm; light purple-brown dorsal ground color in adults; a posteriorly protracted nuchal loop on nape; four faint, purple-gray body bands bearing dark purple spots between and on them; eight nasal scales surrounding nares; single internasal; 49-62 eyelid fringe scales; 130-140 scales around midbody; 11 granular scales surrounding the dorsal tubercles; 36-38 precloacal pores in males (absent in females); claws sheathed by four scales, two lateral scales long and curved. We provide the first data on the natural history of the new species and an expanded key to Goniurosaurus species on Hainan Island and the adjacent mainland. The discovery of the new species facilitates our understanding of the speciation process on continental islands.

Zhou ZY, Sun ZY, Qi S, Lu YY, Lyu ZT, Wang YY, Li PP, Ma JZ (2019)

A new species of the genus Hebius (Squamata: Colubridae: Natricinae) from Hunan Province, China

Zootaxa, 4674, 68-82.

DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.4674.1.3      URL     PMID:31716020      [本文引用: 2]

A new snake species of the genus Hebius is described on the basis of three specimens from Hunan Province, China. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by a significant genetic divergence of 6.1%-12.9% of the mitochondrial cytb gene and a combination of the following morphological characters: (1) tail long, approximately 25% of the total length; (2) dorsal scale rows 19-19-17, vertebral scales enlarged, smooth, 2nd-10th rows distinctly keeled; (3) anterior temporals 2, preocular 1, postoculars 3; (4) ventrals 160-164; (5) internasals narrowed anteriorly; (6) a pair of occipital spots and a pale postparietal streak; (7) a pale brown or beige dorsolateral stripe on the 4th-6th scale rows; (8) ventral scales brick-red at their outer border, with a row of well-defined dark blotches; (9) maxillary teeth 21, gradually enlarged, followed by 2 moderately enlarged posterior teeth, without diastema; (10) nostrils lateral.

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