中国大型真菌受威胁物种名录

doi:10.17520/biods.2019174

中国大型真菌受威胁物种名录

姚一建¹^,^*, 魏江春^,¹^,^*, 庄文颖^,¹^,^*, 魏铁铮¹, 李熠², 魏鑫丽¹, 邓红¹, 刘冬梅³, 蔡蕾⁴, 李俊生³, 王科¹^,⁵, 吴海军¹, 李斌斌¹, 王永会¹^,², 卫晓丹¹, 吴红梅¹, 赵明君¹, 杨柳¹, 苏锦河⁶, 钟习⁷

1. 中国科学院微生物研究所真菌学国家重点实验室, 北京 100101

2. 扬州大学食品科学与工程学院, 江苏扬州 225127

3. 中国环境科学研究院国家环境保护区域生态过程与功能评估重点实验室, 北京 100012

4. 生态环境部自然生态保护司, 北京 100035

5. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

6. 集美大学, 福建厦门 361021

7. 中国科学院计算技术研究所, 北京 100190

Threatened species list of China’s macrofungi

Yijian Yao¹^,^*, Wei Jiangchun^,¹^,^*, Zhuang Wenying^,¹^,^*, Wei Tiezheng¹, Li Yi², Wei Xinli¹, Deng Hong¹, Liu Dongmei³, Cai Lei⁴, Li Junsheng³, Wang Ke¹^,⁵, Wu Haijun¹, Li Binbin¹, Wang Yonghui¹^,², Wei Xiaodan¹, Wu Hongmei¹, Zhao Mingjun¹, Yang Liu¹, Su Jinhe⁶, Zhong Xi⁷

1. State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101

2. School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127

3. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-Process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012

4. Department of Nature and Ecology Conservation, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100035

5. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

6. Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021

7. Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190

通讯作者: *E-mail: yaoyj@imac.cn; weijc2004@126.com; zhuangwy@im.ac.cn

编委: 杨祝良

收稿日期: 2019-05-24 接受日期: 2019-09-3 网络出版日期: 2020-01-20

基金资助:

生态环境部生物多样性调查评估项目(2019HJ2096001006)

Editorial board: YANG Zhu-liang

Received: 2019-05-24 Accepted: 2019-09-3 Online: 2020-01-20

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引用本文

姚一建, 魏江春, 庄文颖, 魏铁铮, 李熠, 魏鑫丽, 邓红, 刘冬梅, 蔡蕾, 李俊生, 王科, 吴海军, 李斌斌, 王永会, 卫晓丹, 吴红梅, 赵明君, 杨柳, 苏锦河, 钟习. 中国大型真菌受威胁物种名录. 生物多样性, 2020, 28(1): 20-25 doi:

Yijian Yao. Threatened species list of China’s macrofungi. Biodiversity Science, 2020, 28(1): 20-25 doi:

为全面评估中国大型真菌受威胁状况, 原环境保护部联合中国科学院于2016年启动了《中国生物多样性红色名录——大型真菌卷》的编制工作。本次评估过程中制定了中国大型真菌红色名录评估等级与标准(王科等, 2020), 并依此开展评估工作。使用了以下评估等级: 灭绝(Extinct, EX)、野外灭绝(Extinct in the Wild, EW)、疑似灭绝(Possibly Extinct, PE)、极危(Critically Endangered, CR)、濒危(Endangered, EN)、易危(Vulnerable, VU)、近危(Near Threatened, NT)、无危(Least Concern, LC)和数据不足(Data Deficient, DD)。

此次评估以收集的文献资料为基础数据, 结合大型子囊菌、大型担子菌和地衣型真菌的特点以及我国资源研究和保护现状, 经过反复深入的探讨, 制定了与之相应的我国大型真菌红色名录的评估方法和程序: 即首先通过大规模的“初步筛选归类”方法评定初评等级, 然后针对需要特别关注的物种进行全面分析评估。评估过程包括任务分工、数据收集整理、建立评估表、初评、函评、会评、复审、编制红色名录等步骤(王科等, 2020)。

按照上述步骤, 对我国分布的9,302种大型真菌(其中大型子囊菌870种、大型担子菌6,268种、地衣型真菌2,164种)受威胁状况进行了全面评估, 这些真菌分属于2门14纲62目227科1,298属。评估工作汇集了全国20余家单位140多位专家的智慧, 最终完成了《中国生物多样性红色名录——大型真菌卷》的编制工作, 并于2018年5月22日以中华人民共和国生态环境部、中国科学院2018年第10号公告形式正式发布(中华人民共和国生态环境部和中国科学院, 2018a, b)。

红色名录中评估结果为受威胁的大型真菌物种有97个, 包括疑似灭绝(PE) 1种、极危(CR) 9种、濒危(EN) 25种、易危(VU) 62种, 占被评估物种总数的1.04%。受威胁的大型真菌涉及子囊菌门和担子菌门的9纲24目40科63属, 其中大型子囊菌24种、大型担子菌45种、地衣型真菌28种。本文列出每个受威胁的大型真菌信息, 包含学名、中文名、特有性以及评估等级和标准等信息。

To assess the overall threat status of macrofungi in China, the Ministry of Environmental Protection, allied with the Chinese Academy of Sciences, initiated a project compiling the Red List of China’s Biodiversity—Macrofungi in 2016. Through this project, we formulated Categories and Criteria of Red List Assessment of Macrofungi in China and the following categories were applied in the assessment: Extinct (EX), Extinct in the Wild (EW), Possibly Extinct (PE), Critically Endangered (CR), Endangered (EN), Vulnerable (VU), Near Threatened (NT), Least Concern (LC), and Data Deficient (DD),

The information for assessing Red List of China’s Biodiversity—Macrofungi was mainly collected from literature. According to the current understanding of macrofungi in China and the unique characteristics of macro-ascomycetes, macro-basidiomycetes and lichens, we formulated the methods and procedures for this assessment: initial assessed results were given using large scale scanning method; species grouped as NT or above in the preliminary scanning were subjected to a following full evaluation process. The “Red List of China’s Biodiversity—Macrofungi” was finally compiled via task assignment, data collection, assessed species verification, initial assessment, expert assessment, and red list compilation.

Brings together the wisdom of more than 140 experts from about 20 institutions, the threatened status of 9,302 macrofungal species (including 879 macro-ascomycetes, 6,268 macro-basidiomycetes and 2,164 lichenized fungi involving 2 phyla, 14 classes, 62 orders, 227 families and 1,298 genera) in China were assessed comprehensively. On May 22, 2018, the Red List of China’s Biodiversity—Macrofungi was officially released in the form of the 10th Announcement of the Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In the red list, 97 species, accounting for 1.04% of the total number of species evaluated, are under threatened, including 1 Possibly Extinct species, 9 Critically Endangered species, 25 Endangered species and 62 Vulnerable species, involving 9 classes, 24 orders, 40 families and 63 genera in both Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Of the under threatened species, 24 are macro-ascomycetes, 45 macro-basidiomycetes and 28 lichenized fungi. This paper listed the threatened species of China’s macrofungi containing the information of scientific name, Chinese name, endemic species or not, assessed categories and criteria.

Threatened species list of China【-逻*辑*与-】#x02019;s macrofungi The list contains threatened categories species of ascomycetes, basidiomycetes and lichens. Within each group, the species names are listed in alphabetical order of Latin names. PE, Possibly Extinct; CR, Critically Endangered; EN, Endangered; VU, Vulnerable; * Endemic species.

种名及分类归属 Species and classifications	等级 Categories	评估依据 Assessment criteria
1 大型子囊菌 Ascomycetes
(1)地舌菌科 Geoglossaceae
粘地舌菌 Glutinoglossum glutinosum (Pers.) Hustad, A. N. Mill., Dentinger & P. F. Cannon	VU	B1ab(i, iii, iv)+2ab(ii, iii, iv)
细小地舌菌 Geoglossum pusillum F. L. Tai *	CR	B1ab(iii)
景洪毛舌菌 Trichoglossum cheliense F. L. Tai *	CR	B1ab(i, iii)+2ab(ii, iii)
紊乱毛舌菌 Trichoglossum confusum E. J. Durand	EN	B1ab(i, iii)+2ab(ii, iii)
昆明毛舌菌 Trichoglossum kunmingense F. L. Tai *	CR	B1ab(i, iii)+2ab(ii, iii)
珀松毛舌菌 Trichoglossum persoonii F. L. Tai *	CR	B1ab(i, iii)+2ab(ii, iii)
罕见毛舌菌 Trichoglossum rasum Pat.	EN	B1ab(i, iii)+2ab(ii, iii)
中国毛舌菌 Trichoglossum sinicum F. L. Tai *	CR	B1ab(i, iii)+2ab(ii, iii)
云南毛舌菌 Trichoglossum yunnanense F. L. Tai *	CR	B1ab(i, iii)+2ab(ii, iii)
(2)未定科 Incertae sedis
云南假地舌菌 Hemiglossum yunnanense Pat. *	PE
(3)羊肚菌科 Morchellaceae
西藏羊肚菌 Morchella tibetica M. Zang *	VU	A2acd+3cd
(4)线虫草科 Ophiocordycipitaceae
老君山线虫草 Ophiocordyceps laojunshanensis J. Y. Chen, Y. Q. Cao & D. R. Yang *	VU	A2acd+3cd
冬虫夏草 Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Berk.) G. H. Sung, J. M. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora	VU	A2acd+3cd
广东虫草 Tolypocladium guangdongensis (T. H. Li, Q. Y. Lin & B. Song) V. Papp *	VU	A2ad+3cd
(5)火丝菌科 Pyronemataceae
美洲粉盘菌 Aleurina americana W. Y. Zhuang & Korf	VU	B1ac(iii, iv)
(6)核盘菌科 Sclerotiniaceae
桦杯盘菌 Ciboria betulae (Woronin) W. L. White	VU	B1ab(iii)
古巴散胞盘菌 Encoelia cubensis (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) Iturr., Samuels & Korf	VU	B1ab(i, iii, iv)+2ab(ii, iii, iv)
(7)竹黄科 Shiraiaceae
竹黄 Shiraia bambusicola Henn.	VU	A3cd
(8)块菌科 Tuberaceae
巨孢奇块菌 Paradoxa gigantospora (Y. Wang & Z. P. Li) Y. Wang *	EN	B1ab(i, iii)
会东块菌 Tuber huidongense Y. Wang *	VU	A2acd+3cd; B1ab(i, iii)
印度块菌 Tuber indicum Cooke & Massee	VU	A2acd+3cd; B1ab(i, iii)
攀枝花块菌 Tuber panzhihuanense X. J. Deng & Y. Wang *	VU	A2acd+3cd; B1ab(i, iii)
中华夏块菌 Tuber sinoaestivum J. P. Zhang & P. G. Liu *	VU	A2acd+3cd; B1ab(i, iii)
(9)炭角菌科 Xylariaceae
中华肉球菌 Engleromyces sinensis M. A. Whalley, Khalil, T. Z. Wei, Y. J. Yao & Whalley *	VU	A3cd
2 大型担子菌 Basidiomycetes
(1)蘑菇科 Agaricaceae
云南蘑菇 Agaricus yunnanensis W. F. Chiu *	EN	B2ab(iii)
景洪黑蛋巢菌 Cyathus cheliensis F. L. Tai & C. S. Hung *	EN	B2ab(iii)
紊乱黑蛋巢菌 Cyathus confusus F. L. Tai & C. S. Hung *	EN	B2ab(iii)
五台山黑蛋巢菌 Cyathus wutaishanensis B. Liu, Shangguan & P. G. Yuan *	EN	B2ab(iii)
中国白环蘑 Leucoagaricus sinicus (J. Z. Ying) Z. L. Yang *	VU	B1ab(i)
变孢柄灰包 Tulostoma variisporum B. Liu, Z. Y. Li & Du	EN	B1ab(i, iii, iv)+2ab(i, iii, iv)
榆林柄灰包 Tulostoma yulinense B. Liu, Z. Y. Li & Du *	VU	B1ab(i, iii, iv)+2ab(i, iii, iv)
(2)鹅膏科 Amanitaceae
绒托鹅膏 Amanita tomentosivolva Z. L. Yang *	VU	D2
(3)牛肝菌科 Boletaceae
橙香牛肝菌 Boletus citrifragrans W. F. Chiu & M. Zang	VU	A3cd
小橙黄牛肝菌 Boletus miniatoaurantiacus C. S. Bi & Loh	VU	A3cd
(4)丽口包科 Calostomataceae
彭氏丽口包 Calostoma pengii B. Liu & Y. H. Liu *	EN	B2ab(iii)
变孢丽口包 Calostoma variispora B. Liu, Z. Y. Li & Du *	VU	B2ab(iii)
云南丽口包 Calostoma yunnanense L. J. Li & B. Liu *	VU	B2ab(iii)
(5)鸡油菌科 Cantharellaceae
云南鸡油菌 Cantharellus yunnanensis W. F. Chiu *	VU	A3cd
(6)丝膜菌科 Cortinariaceae
疏褶暗金钱菌 Phaeocollybia sparsilamellae P. G. Liu *	EN	B2ab(iii)
云南多舌菌 Pyrrhoglossum yunnanense P. G. Liu *	VU	A3cd
(7)花耳科 Dacrymycetaceae
湖南胶角耳 Calocera hunanensis B. Liu & K. Tao *	EN	B2ab(iii)
莽山胶角耳 Calocera mangshanensis B. Liu & L. Fan *	VU	B2ab(iii)
羊肚菌状胶角耳 Calocera morchelloides B. Liu & L. Fan *	EN	B2ab(iii)
(8)粉褶蕈科 Entolomataceae
近杯伞状粉褶蕈 Entoloma subclitocyboides W. M. Zhang *	VU	B2ab(iii)
(9)钉菇科 Gomphaceae
承德高腹菌 Gautieria chengdensis J. Z. Ying *	VU	B2ab(iii)
短孢枝瑚菌 Ramaria nanispora R. H. Petersen & M. Zang *	VU	A3cd
拟粉红枝瑚菌 Ramaria neoformosa R. H. Petersen	VU	A3cd
朱细枝瑚菌 Ramaria rubriattenuipes R. H. Petersen & M. Zang *	VU	A3cd
红肉丛枝瑚菌 Ramaria rubricarnata Marr & D. E. Stuntz	VU	B2ab(iii)
(10)猴头菌科 Hericiaceae
小孢软齿菌 Dentipellis microspora Y. C. Dai *	VU	B2ab(iii)
猴头菇 Hericium erinaceus (Bull.) Pers.	VU	A3cd
(11)刺革菌科 Hymenochaetaceae
斜生纤孔菌 Inonotus obliquus (Fr.) Pilát	EN	B2ab(ii)
(12)未定科 Incertae sedis
蒙古白丽蘑 Leucocalocybe mongolica (S. Imai) X. D. Yu & Y. J. Yao	VU	C1
牛樟芝 Taiwanofungus camphoratus (M. Zang & C. H. Su) S. H. Wu, Z. H. Yu, Y. C. Dai & C. H. Su *	EN	B2ab(iii)
(13)丝盖伞科 Inocybaceae
新囊靴耳 Crepidotus neocystidiosus P. G. Liu *	EN	B2ab(iii)
(14)离褶伞科 Lyophyllaceae
斑玉蕈 Hypsizygus marmoreus (Peck) H. E. Bigelow	VU	B2ab(iii)
端圆蚁巢伞 Termitomyces tylerianus Otieno	VU	A3cd
(15)小皮伞科 Marasmiaceae
麦黄钟伞 Campanella straminea P. G. Liu *	EN	B2ab(iii)
(16)白耳科 Naemateliaceae
金耳 Naematelia aurantialba (Bandoni & M. Zang) Millanes & Wedin *	VU	A3cd
(17)桩菇科 Paxillaceae
阳城光黑腹菌 Alpova yangchengensis B. Liu, K. Tao & M. C. Chang *	VU	A3cd
(18)鬼笔科 Phallaceae
海南笼头菌 Clathrus hainanensis X. L. Wu *	EN	B2ab(iii)
(19)原毛平革菌科 Phanerochaetaceae
小孔小薄孔菌 Antrodiella micra Y. C. Dai *	VU	B1ab(i, iii, iv)+2ab(i, iii, iv)
(20)光柄菇科 Pluteaceae
冬小包脚菇 Volvariella brumalis S. C. He *	VU	A3cd
(21)红菇科 Russulaceae
长白乳菇 Lactarius changbaiensis Y. Wang & Z. X. Xie *	VU	B2ab(iii)
迷你乳菇 Lactarius minimus W. G. Sm.	EN	B2ab(iii)
(22)裂孔菌科 Schizoporaceae
粉软卧孔菌 Poriodontia subvinosa Parmasto	VU	B2ab(iii)
(23)革菌科 Thelephoraceae
干巴菌 Thelephora ganbajun M. Zang *	VU	A3cd
(24)口蘑科 Tricholomataceae
松口蘑 Tricholoma matsutake (S. Ito & S. Imai) Singer	VU		B2ab(ii)
青盖拟口蘑 Tricholomopsis lividipileata P. G. Liu *	VU		B2ab(iii)
3 地衣 Lichens
(1)粉衣科 Caliciaceae
顶杯衣 Acroscyphus sphaerophoroides Lév.	EN		B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)
(2)石蕊科 Cladoniaceae
戴氏石蕊 Cladonia delavayi Abbayes	VU		B2ab(ii); D2
拟雀石蕊 Cladonia pseudoevansii Asahina	CR		B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)
圆盘衣 Gymnoderma coccocarpum Nyl.	EN		B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)
岛圆盘衣 Gymnoderma insulare Yoshim. & Sharp	EN		B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)
(3)霜降衣科 Icmadophilaceae
卧白角衣 Siphula decumbens Nyl.	VU		B2ab(ii); D2
(4)茶渍科 Lecanoraceae
华脐鳞 Rhizoplaca huashanensis J. C. Wei *	CR		A4ac; B1ab(ii, iii)+2ab(ii, iii); D2
(5)梅衣科 Parmeliaceae
裂芽厚枝衣 Allocetraria isidiigera Kurok. & M. J. Lai *	VU		B1ab(i)
广开小孢发 Bryoria divergescens (Nyl.) Brodo & D. Hawksw.	VU		B2ab(ii); D2
藏岛衣 Cetraria xizangensis J. C. Wei & Y. M. Jiang *	VU		B2ab(i)
日光山袋衣 Hypogymnia nikkoensis (Zahlbr.) Rass.	VU		B2ab(ii); D2
台湾高山袋衣 Hypogymnia taiwanalpina M. J. Lai *	EN		B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)
金丝绣球 Lethariella cashmeriana Krog	VU		A3d; B2ab(ii, iv); D2
金丝刷 Lethariella cladonioides (Nyl.) Krog	VU		A3d; B2ab(ii, iv); D2
曲金丝 Lethariella flexuosa (Nyl.) J. C. Wei	VU		B2ab(ii); D2
中华金丝 Lethariella sinensis J. C. Wei & Y. M. Jiang *	VU		B2ab(ii); D2
金丝带 Lethariella zahlbruckneri (Du Rietz) Krog	VU		A4ac; B2ab(ii); D2
密裂大叶梅 Parmotrema myriolobulatum (J. D. Zhao) J. C. Wei	CR		A4ac; B1ab(ii)+2ab(ii); D2
绿丝槽枝 Sulcaria virens (Gyeln.) Bystrek ex Brodo & D. Hawksw.	VU		B2ab(ii); D2
(6)蜈蚣衣科 Physciaceae
湖北蜈蚣衣 Physcia hupehensis J. D. Zhao, L. W. Hsu & Z. M. Sun *	VU		B2ab(ii); D2
亚灰大孢衣 Physconia perisidiosa (Erichsen) Moberg	VU
(7)鳞网衣科 Psoraceae
朝比氏鳞网衣 Psora asahinae Zahlbr. ex J. C. Wei *	VU		B2ab(ii); D2
(8)地图衣科 Rhizocarpaceae
甘肃地图衣 Rhizocarpon kansuense H. Magn.	VU		B2ab(ii); D2
(9)石耳科 Umbilicariaceae
阿尔泰石耳 Umbilicaria altaiensis J. C. Wei & Y. M. Jiang *	EN		A4ac; B1ab(ii)+2ab(ii); D2
庐山石耳 Umbilicaria esculenta (Miyoshi) Minks	VU		A4ad; B2ab(iv); D2
周裂石耳 Umbilicaria loboperipherica J. C. Wei, Y. M. Jiang & S. Y. Guo *	VU		B2ab(ii)
皮芽石耳 Umbilicaria squamosa J. C. Wei & Y. M. Jiang *	EN		B1ab(ii)+2ab(ii); D2
太白石耳 Umbilicaria taibaiensis J. C. Wei & Y. M. Jiang *	EN		B1ab(i, ii)+2ab(i, ii); D2

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被引期刊影响因子

[1]

Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences (2018a) Assessment Report of the Red List of China’s Biodiversity— Macrofungi (in Chinese)

URL

[ 中华人民共和国生态环境部, 中国科学院 (2018a) 《中国生物多样性红色名录——大型真菌卷》评估报告]. . (accessed on 2018-05-22

URL

[2]

Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences( 2018b)

Red List of China’s Biodiversity—Macrofungi

(in Chinese)

URL

[ 中华人民共和国生态环境部, 中国科学院 (2018b) 中国生物多样性红色名录——大型真菌卷]. . (accessed on 2018-05-22

URL

[3]

Wang

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, Yao

( 2020)

Methods and procedures of the red list assessment of macrofungi in China

Biodiversity Science, 28, 11-19. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[ 王科, 刘冬梅, 蔡蕾, 吴海军, 李熠, 魏铁铮, 王永会, 吴红梅, 卫晓丹, 李斌斌, 李俊生, 姚一建 ( 2020)

中国大型真菌红色名录评估方法和程序

生物多样性, 28, 11-19.]

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