Bioinventory

China’s mammal diversity (2nd edition)

Expand
  • 1 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
    2 Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Chengdu 610081
    3 School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006
    4 Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223
    5 College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023
    6 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

Received date: 2017-03-27

  Accepted date: 2017-07-09

  Online published: 2017-08-31

Abstract

Due to recent modifications of mammalian taxonomy, discoveries of mammalogy in China, and conservation needs of the country, China’s mammal diversity inventory is in urgent need of an update. We collected new species and records of mammal species in China from the literature since March 2015, adopted the new taxonomy, incorporated our own research, and added mammalian species of the Zangnan Region, to renew the inventory of mammal diversity in the country. The major changes in the new version of the inventory are the elevation of the order Cetartiodactyla to the super order Cetartiodactyla and the split of the order Cetartiodactyla in Jiang et al (2015) into orders Cetacea and Artiodactyla, respectively. Chodsigoa hoffmanni C. furva and Mesechinus sp. were added to the order Eulipotyphla. In the order Chiroptera, Murina fanjingshanensis, Myotis rufoniger and Rhinolophus subbadius were added, while Myotis hirsutus and Miniopterus fuscus were deleted from the inventory. In the order Primates, Hoolock tianxing, Trachypithecus pileatus, Nycticebus coucang and Hoolock hoolock were added to the inventory. In the order Carnivora, Melursus ursinus, Canis aureus, Vulpes bengakensis, Herpestes edwardsii, and Felis viverrinus were added. We reclassified the species in the order Artiodactyla according to the taxonomy of the Handbook of the Mammals of the World, Vol. 2, Ungulates. Ovis ammon, O. collium, Budorcas taxicolor, and Muntiacus muntjak were added to the order. All sika deer in the country were grouped as a single species, Cervus nippon, and all moose were grouped as a single species, Alces alces. Cervus alashanicus and C. macneilli as well as the dwarf blue sheep, Psuodois sharferi, were deleted, and the species of the Tragulus in Xishuangbanna was listed as Tragulus sp. In the order Cetacea, Platanista gangetica was added while Delphinus capensis was deleted. In the order Rodentia, new species, Typhlomys nanus, Neodon medogensis and N. nyalamensis, Bandicota bengalensis as well as Myospalax cansus, Biswamoyopterus biswasi, Niviventer niviventer, Mus booduga; and one species, Typhlomys daloushanensis, which was elevated from the status of subspecies, were added to the inventory, however, Hadromys humei was deleted from the inventory. The taxonomy of Arvicolini of Cricetidae was renewed. Caprolagus hispidus and Lepus nigricollis were added to the order Lagomorpha and the taxonomy of Ochotona was renewed, with 5 species downgraded from the status of species to subspecies while 4 were elevated from subspecies to species. Altogether there are 29 pika species in China. However, O. princeps, O. collaris, O. hoffinanni, O. rufescens and O. pusilla are not found in the country. The new inventory of China’s mammals has 13 orders, 56 families, 248 genera and 693 species. Compared with that reported by Jiang et al (2015), there is now an additional order, family, three genera and 20 species in the new mammalian diversity inventory. Of the mammalian species in country, the statuses of 18 species, mostly rodents, are still in dispute amongst mammalogists. There are 146 endemic mammalian species in China, which accounted for 21% of the total mammal species in the country. Of those endemic species by order, the highest endemic rate is found in Lagomorpha (37%), followed by Eulipotyphla (35%) and Artiodactyla (25%). Overall, China has the richest mammal diversity in the world.

Cite this article

Zhigang Jiang, Shaoying Liu, Yi Wu, Xuelong Jiang, Kaiya Zhou . China’s mammal diversity (2nd edition)[J]. Biodiversity Science, 2017 , 25(8) : 886 -895 . DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017098

References

[1] Adams JC, Chiquet-Ehrismann R, Tucker RP (2015) The evolution of tenascins and fibronectin. Cell Adhesion & Migration, 9, 22-33.
[2] Apagow PM, Bininda-Emonds ORP, Crandall KA, Gittleman JL, Mace GM, Marshall JC, Purvis A (2004) The impact of species concept on biodiversity studies. Quarterly Review of Biology, 79, 161-179.
[3] Biswas KK, Soren PC, Basu D, Chattopadhyay S, Bhuinya S (2005) Observation on vertebrate fauna of D’ering Memorial Wildlife Sanctuary, “Arunachal Pradesh”. Records of the Zoological Survey, 105, 169-188.
[4] Cao LR, Wang XM, Fang SG (2003) A molecular phylogeny of bharal and dwarf blue sheep based on mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences. Acta Zoologica Sinica, 49, 198-204. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[4] [曹丽荣, 王小明, 方盛国 (2003) 从细胞色素b基因全序列差异分析岩羊和矮岩羊的系统进化关系. 动物学报, 49, 198-204.]
[5] Cernansky R (2017) Biodiversity moves beyond counting species. Nature, 546, 22-24.
[6] Chen ZZ, He K, Huang C, Wan T, Lin LK, Liu SY, Jiang XL (2017) Integrative systematic analyses of the genus Chodsigoa (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla: Soricidae), with descriptions of new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 180, 694-713.
[7] Cheng F, He K, Chang ZZ, Zhang B, Wan T, Li JT, Zhang BW, Jiang XL (2017) Phylogeny and systematic revision of the genus Typhlomys (Rodentia, Platacanthomyidae): with description of a new species. Journal of Mammalogy, 98, 731-743.
[8] Chetry D, Medhi R, Biswas J, Das D, Bhattacharjee PC (2003) Nonhuman primates in the Namdapha National Park, “Arunachal Pradesh”. International Journal of Primatology, 24, 383-387.
[9] Choudhury A (2003) The Mammals of “Arunachal Pradesh”. Astral International (P) Ltd, New Delhi.
[10] Chutia P (2010) Studies on hunting and the conservation of wildlife species in “Arunachal Pradesh”. Sibcoltejo, 5, 56-67.
[11] Costello AMJ, Beard KH, Corlett RT, Cumming GS, Devictor V, Loyola FR, Maas B, Miller-Rushing AJ, Pakeman R, Primack RB (2016) Field work ethics in biological research. Biological Conservation, 203, 268-271.
[12] Cunha HA, de Castro RL, Secchi ER, Crespo EA, Lailson-Brito J, Azevedo AF, Lazoski C, Solé-Cava AM (2015) Molecular and morphological differentiation of common dolphins (Delphinus sp.) in the southwestern Atlantic: testing the two species hypothesis in sympatry. PLoS ONE, 10, e0140251.
[13] Dang FH, Yu WH, Wang XY, Guo WJ, Zhuang ZS, Mei TY, Zhang QP, Li F, Li YC, Wu Y (2017) Taxonomic clarification of Myotis rufoniger from China. Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 36, 7-13. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13] [党飞红, 余文华, 王晓云, 郭伟健, 庄卓升, 梅廷媛, 张秋萍, 李锋, 李玉春, 吴毅 (2017) 中国渡濑氏鼠耳蝠种名订正. 四川动物, 36, 7-13.]
[14] Darwin C (translated by Li H) (2012) Origin of Species. Tsinghua University Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
[14] [李虎 (译) (2012) 物种起源. 清华大学出版社, 北京.]
[15] Dijkstra K-DB (2017) Taxonomy: use the Red List as a registry. Nature, 546, 599-600.
[16] Fan PF, He K, Chen X, Ortiz A, Zhang B, Zhao C, Li YQ, Zhang HB, Kimock C, Wang WZ, Groves C, Turvey ST, Roos C, Helgen KM, Jiang XL (2017) Description of a new species of Hoolock gibbon (Primates: Hylobatidae) based on integrative taxonomy. American Journal of Primatology, 79, e22631, doi: 10.1002/ajp.22631.
[17] Garnett ST, Christidis L (2017) Taxonomy anarchy hampers conservation. Nature, 546, 25-27.
[18] Garshelis DL, Joshi AR, Smith JLD, Rice CG (1999) Chapter 12, Sloth bear conservation action plan. In: Bears: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan (eds Herrero S, Peyton B, Servheen C), pp. 226-240. IUCN Publications Services Unit. . (accessed on 2017-04-03)
[19] Groves CP, Grubb P (2011) Ungulate Taxonomy. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
[20] Groves C (2016) Systematics of the Artiodactyla of China in the 21st century. Zoological Research, 37, 119-125.
[21] He F, Xiao N, Zhou J (2015) A new species of Murina from China (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Cave Research, 2, 1-5.
[22] Hong DY (2016) Biodiversity pursuits need a scientific and operative species concept. Biodiversity Science, 24, 979-999. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[22] [洪德元 (2016) 生物多样性事业需要科学、可操作的物种概念. 生物多样性, 24, 979-999.]
[23] Hu JY, Zhang YP, Yu L (2012) Summary of Laurasiatheria (Mammalia) phylogeny. Zoological Research, 33, E65-E74.
[24] Hu Y, Zhou Z, Huang Z, Li M, Jiang Z, Wu J, Liu W, Jin K, Hu H (2017) A new record of Trachypithecus pileatus in China. Zoological Research, 38, 203-205.
[25] IUCN (2017) IUCN Redlist.. (accessed on 2017-03-20
[26] James J, Ramakrishnan U, Datta A (2008) Molecular evidence for the leaf deer Muntiacus putaoensis in “Arunachal Pradesh”. Conservation Genetics, 9, 927-931.
[27] Jiang XL, Li Q, Chen ZZ, Zhang B, Li XY, Wan T (2017) Checklist of mammals in Yunnan Province (2016 edn.). In: Checklist of Biodiversity in Yunnan Province (ed. Sun H), pp. 581-588. Yunnan People’s Publishing House, Kunming. (in Chinese)
[27] [蒋学龙, 李权, 陈中正, 张斌, 李学友, 万韬 (2017) 哺乳类. 见: 云南省生物物种名录 (2016版) (孙航编), 581-588页. 云南人民出版社, 昆明.]
[28] Jiang ZG (2017) On the connotation and extension of species concept used by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Biodiversity Science, 25, 88-90. (in Chinese)
[28] [蒋志刚 (2017) 论《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》物种概念的内涵和外延. 生物多样性, 25, 88-90.]
[29] Jiang ZG (2016) How many species are there on the Earth? Chinese Science Bulletin, 61, 2337-2343. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[29] [蒋志刚 (2016) 地球上有多少物种? 科学通报, 61, 2337-2343.]
[30] Jiang ZG, Ma Y, Wu Y, Wang YX, Feng ZJ, Zhou KY, Liu SY, Luo ZH, Li CW (2015) China’s mammalian diversity. Biodiversity Science, 23, 351-364. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[30] [蒋志刚, 马勇, 吴毅, 王应祥, 冯祚建, 周开亚, 刘少英, 罗振华, 李春旺 (2015) 中国哺乳动物多样性. 生物多样性, 23, 351-364.]
[31] Knapp S, Polaszek A, Watson M (2007) Spreading the word. Nature, 446, 261-262.
[32] Kong HZ (2016) Biodiversity undertakings call for extensive discussion on species concept and the criteria for species delimitation. Biodiversity Science, 24, 977-978. (in Chinese)
[32] [孔宏智 (2016) 生物多样性事业呼唤对物种概念和物种划分标准的深度讨论. 生物多样性, 24, 977-978.]
[33] Kumar A, Sarma K, Krishna M, Devi A (2013) The eastern hoolock gibbon (Hoolock leuconedys) in eastern “Arunachal Pradesh”. Primate Conservation, 27, 115-123.
[34] Lambertz M (2017) Taxonomy: retain scientific autonomy. Nature, 546, 5999.
[35] Liu SY, Jin W, Liao R, Sun ZY, Zeng T, Fu JR, Liu Y, Wang X, Li PF, Tang MK, Chen LM, Dong L, Han MD, Gou D (2017) Phylogenetic study of Ochotona based on mitochondrial Cyt b and morphology with a description of one new subgenus and five new species. Acta Theriologica Sinica, 37, 1-43. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[35] [刘少英, 靳伟, 廖锐, 孙治宇, 曾涛, 符建荣, 刘洋, 王新, 李盼峰, 唐明坤, 谌利民, 董立, 韩明德, 苟丹 (2017) 基于Cyt b基因和形态学的鼠兔属系统发育研究及鼠兔属1新亚属5新种描述. 兽类学报, 37, 1-43.]
[36] Liu SY, Jin W, Liu Y, Murphy RW, Lü B, Hao HB, Liao R, Sun ZY, Tang MK, Chen WC, Fu JR (2017) Taxonomic position of Chinese voles of the tribe Arvicolini and the description of 2 new species from Xizang, China. Journal of Mammalogy, 98, 166-182.
[37] May R (2004) Tomorrow’s taxonomy: collecting new species in field will remain the rate-limiting step. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 359, 733-734.
[38] Mishra C, Madhusudan MD, Datta A (2006) Mammals of the high altitudes of western “Arunachal Pradesh”, eastern Himalaya: an assessment of threats and conservation needs. Oryx, 40, 1-7.
[39] Pan QH, Wang YX, Yan K (2007) A Field Guide to the Mammals of China. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing. (in Chinese)
[39] [潘清华, 王应祥, 岩崑 (2007) 中国哺乳动物彩色图鉴. 中国林业出版社, 北京.]
[40] Pape T (2016) Species can be named from photos. Nature, 537, 307.
[41] Peng Q, Tang L, Tan S, Li Z, Wang J, Zou F (2012) Mitogenomic analysis of the genus Pseudois: evidence of adaptive evolution of morphological variation in the ATP synthase genes. Mitochondrion, 12, 500-505.
[42] Raven PH (2004) Taxonomy: where are we now? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 359, 729-730.
[43] Samper C (2004) Taxonomy and environmental policy. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 359, 721-728.
[44] Scoble MJ (2004) Unitary or unified taxonomy? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 359, 699-710.
[45] Simmons NB (2005) Order Chiroptera. In: Mammal Species of the World, A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd edn. (eds Wilson DE, Reeder DM), pp. 312-529. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MA.
[46] Vislobokova IA (2013) On the origin of Cetartiodactyla: comparison of data on evolutionary morphology and molecular biology. Paleontological Journal, 47, 321-334.
[47] Wang YX (2003) A Complete Checklist of Mammal Species and Subspecies in China: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing. (in Chinese)
[47] [王应祥 (2003) 中国哺乳动物种与亚种分类名录与分布大全. 中国林业出版社, 北京.]
[48] Wikipedia (2017) CC (cat). . (accessed on 2017-03-20)
[49] Wilson DE, Mittermeier RA (2012) Handbook of the Mammals of the World, Vol. 2, Ungulates. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
[50] Wilson DE, Reeder DM (2005) Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd edn. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MA.
[51] Wilson EO (2004) Taxonomy as a fundamental discipline. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 359, 739.
[52] Zeng B, Xu L, Yue B, Li Z, Zou F (2008) Molecular phylogeography and genetic differentiation of blue sheep Pseudois nayaur szechuanensis and Pseudois schaeferi in China. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 48, 387-395.
[53] Zheng XQ, Fang YP, Zhou ZH (2010) Illustrated Handbook of Bats in Taiwan. Endemic Species Research Institute, “Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan”, Taipei. (in Chinese)
[53] [郑锡奇, 方引平, 周政翰 (2010) 台湾蝙蝠图鉴. “行政院农业委员会”特有生物研究保育中心, 台北.]
[54] Zhang DX (2016) Why is it so difficult to reach a consensus in species concept? Biodiversity Science, 24, 1009-1013. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[54] [张德兴 (2016) 为什么在物种概念上难以达成共识? 生物多样性, 24, 1009-1013.]
[55] Zhou CQ, Zhou KY, Hu JC (2003) The validity of the dwarf bharal (Pseudois schaeferi) species status inferred from mitochondial Cyt b gene. Acta Zoologica Sinica, 49, 578-584. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[55] [周材权, 周开亚, 胡锦矗 (2003) 从线粒体细胞色素b基因探讨矮岩羊物种地位的有效性. 动物学报, 49, 578-584.]
[56] Zhou XM, Xu SX, Xu JX, Chen BY, Zhou KY, Yang G (2012) Phylogenomic analysis resolves the interordinal relationships and rapid diversification of the Laurasiatherian mammals. Systematic Biology, 61, 150-164.
Outlines

/