Driving forces underlying the beta diversity of tree species in subtropical mid-mountain moist evergreen broad-leaved forests in Ailao Mountains
Received date: 2019-11-07
Accepted date: 2019-12-03
Online published: 2019-12-24
Beta diversity refers to species composition variation among communities across temporal and spatial scales. Beta diversity includes species turnover and species richness differences between communities. The ecological processes that drive beta diversity patterns are determined by spatio-temporal dynamics of communities. However, the driving forces that form beta diversity and its components patterns are still controversial. Previous studies have shown that beta diversity patterns are scale-dependent as are the relative importance of underlying ecological processes. In this study, the beta diversity of tree species in the 20 ha subtropical mid-mountain moist evergreen broad-leaved forest dynamics plot in Ailao Mountains was studied. Across different spatial scales, the Bray-Curtis indices among quadrat pairs were partitioned into species turnover components and species richness components. The relative importance of scale dependent environmental filtering and dispersal limitation on beta diversity were analyzed by using a redundancy analysis and variation partitioning analysis. Our results showed that: (1) Beta diversity and its components decreased with increasing scale. The pairwise difference in species composition between quadrats was dominated by species turnover components at all scales. (2) With increasing scale, the relative importance of environment filtering on beta diversity gradually increased, while the relative importance of dispersal limitation gradually decreased. This study confirmed the importance of spatial scale on beta diversity pattern and the quantitative assessment of its driving forces. Future research should focus more on examining the mechanism of the scale effects on beta diversity and its underlying driving forces.
Zhiliang Yao , Handong Wen , Yun Deng , Min Cao , Luxiang Lin . Driving forces underlying the beta diversity of tree species in subtropical mid-mountain moist evergreen broad-leaved forests in Ailao Mountains[J]. Biodiversity Science, 2020 , 28(4) : 445 -454 . DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019356
| [1] | Anderson MJ, Crist TO, Chase JM, Vellend M, Inouye BD, Freestone AL, Sanders NJ, Cornell HV, Comita LS, Davies KF, Harrison SP, Kraft NJB, Stegen JC, Swenson NG (2010) Navigating the multiple meanings of β diversity: A roadmap for the practicing ecologist. Ecology Letters, 14, 19-28. |
| [2] | Barton PS, Cunningham SA, Manning AD, Gibb H, Lindenmayer DB, Didham RK (2013) The spatial scaling of beta diversity. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 22, 639-647. |
| [3] | Baselga A (2010) Partitioning the turnover and nestedness components of beta diversity. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 19, 134-143. |
| [4] | Baselga A (2017) Partitioning abundance-based multiple-site dissimilarity into components: Balanced variation in abundance and abundance gradients. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 8, 799-808. |
| [5] | Borcard D, Legendre P (2002) All-scale spatial analysis of ecological data by means of principal coordinates of neighbour matrices. Ecological Modelling, 153, 51-68. |
| [6] | Borcard D, Legendre P, Avois-Jacquet C, Tuomisto H (2004) Dissecting the spatial structure of ecological data at multiples scales. Ecology, 85, 1826-1832. |
| [7] | Bin Y, Wang ZG, Wang ZM, Ye WH, Cao HL, Lian JY (2010) The effects of dispersal limitation and topographic heterogeneity on beta diversity and phylobetadiversity in a subtropical forest. Plant Ecology, 209, 237-256. |
| [8] | Carvalho JC, Cardoso P, Gomes P (2012) Determining the relative roles of species replacement and species richness differences in generating beta-diversity patterns. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 21, 760-771. |
| [9] | Chen SB, Ouyang ZY, Xu WH, Xiao Y (2010) A review of beta diversity studies. Biodiversity Science, 18, 323-335. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [9] | [ 陈圣宾, 欧阳志云, 徐卫华, 肖燚 (2010) Beta多样性研究进展. 生物多样性, 18, 323-335.] |
| [10] | Chase JM (2007) Drought mediates the importance of stochastic community assembly. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 104, 17430-17434. |
| [11] | Chase JM, Myers JA (2011) Disentangling the importance of ecological niches from stochastic processes across scales. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 366, 2351-2363. |
| [12] | Condit R (1998) Tropical Forest Census Plots: Methods and Results from Barro Colorado Island, Panama and a Comparison with Other Plots. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. |
| [13] | Condit R, Pitman N, Leigh EG, Chave J, Terborgh J, Foster RB, Nunez P, Aguilar S, Valencia R, Villa G, Muller- Landau HC, Losos E, Hubbell SP (2002) Beta-diversity in tropical forest trees. Science, 295, 666-669. |
| [14] | Cressie N (1990) The origins of Kriging. Mathematical Geology, 22, 239-252. |
| [15] | De Cáceres M, Legendre P, Valencia R, Cao M, Chang LW, Chuyong G, Condit R, Hao ZQ, Hsieh CF, Hubbell S, Kenfack D, Ma KP, Mi XC, Noor MNS, Kassim AR, Ren HB, Su SH, Sun IF, Thomas D, Ye WH, He FL (2012) The variation of tree beta diversity across a global network of forest plots. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 21, 1191-1202. |
| [16] | Diggle PJ, Tawn JA, Moyeed RA (1998) Model-based geostatistics. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C: Applied Statistics, 47, 299-326. |
| [17] | Dobrovolski R, Melo AS, Cassemiro FAS, Diniz-Filho JAF (2012) Climatic history and dispersal ability explain the relative importance of turnover and nestedness components of beta diversity. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 21, 191-197. |
| [18] | Dray S, Blanchet FG, Borcard D, Clappe S, Guénard G, Jombart T, Larocque G, Legendre P, Madi N, Wagner H (2018) adespatial: Multivariate Multiscale Spatial Analysis. R package version 0.2-0. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/adespatial/. (accessed on 2018-05-23) |
| [19] | Dray S, Legendre P, Peres-Neto PR (2006) Spatial modelling: A comprehensive framework for principal coordinate analysis of neighbour matrices (PCNM). Ecological Modelling, 196, 483-493. |
| [20] | Ellison AM (2010) Partitioning diversity. Ecology, 91, 1962-1963. |
| [21] | Fang JY, Wang XP, Tang ZY (2009) Local and regional processes control species richness of plant communities: The species pool hypothesis. Biodiversity Science, 17, 605-612. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [21] | [ 方精云, 王襄平, 唐志尧 (2009) 局域和区域过程共同控制着群落的物种多样性: 种库假说. 生物多样性, 17, 605-612.] |
| [22] | Gianuca AT, Declerck SAJ, Lemmens P, De Meester L (2017) Effects of dispersal and environmental heterogeneity on the replacement and nestedness components of beta-diversity. Ecology, 98, 525-533. |
| [23] | Greve M, Gremmen NJM, Gaston KJ, Chown SL (2005) Nestedness of southern ocean island biotas: Ecological perspectives on a biogeographical conundrum. Journal of Biogeography, 32, 155-168. |
| [24] | Guo YL, Xiang WS, Wang B, Li DX, Mallik AU, Chen HYH, Huang FZ, Ding T, Wen SJ, Lu SH, Li XK (2018) Partitioning beta diversity in a tropical karst seasonal rainforest in Southern China. Scientific Reports, 8, 17408. |
| [25] | Harms KE, Condit R, Hubbell SP, Foster RB (2001) Habitat associations of trees and shrubs in a 50-ha neotropical forest plot. Journal of Ecology, 89, 947-959. |
| [26] | Harrison S, Ross SJ, Lawton JH (1992) Beta-diversity on geographic gradients in Britain. Journal of Animal Ecology, 61, 151-158. |
| [27] | Heino J, Nokela T, Soininen J, Tolkkinen M, Virtanen L, Virtanen R (2015) Elements of metacommunity structure and community-environment relationships in stream organisms. Freshwater Biology, 60, 973-988. |
| [28] | Hill MJ, Heino J, Thornhill I, Ryves DB, Wood PJ (2017) Effects of dispersal mode on the environmental and spatial correlates of nestedness and species turnover in pond communities. Oikos, 126, 1575-1585. |
| [29] | Hubbell SP (2001) The Unified Neutral Theory of Biodiversity and Biogeography (MPB-32). Princeton University Press, Princeton. |
| [30] | Jackson DA (1993) Stopping rules in principal components analysis: A comparison of heuristical and statistical approaches. Ecology, 74, 2204-2214. |
| [31] | Jones MM, Tuomisto H, Borcard D, Legendre P, Clark DB, Olivas PC (2008) Explaining variation in tropical plant community composition: Influence of environmental and spatial data quality. Oecologia, 155, 593-604. |
| [32] | Jost L (2006) Entropy and diversity. Oikos, 113, 363-375. |
| [33] | Laliberté E, Paquette A, Legendre P, Bouchard A (2009) Assessing the scale-specific importance of niches and other spatial processes on beta diversity: A case study from a temperate forest. Oecologia, 159, 377-388. |
| [34] | Lande R (1996) Statistics and partitioning of species diversity, and similarity among multiple communities. Oikos, 76, 5-13. |
| [35] | Legendre P, Anderson MJ (1999) Distance-based redundancy analysis: Testing multispecies responses in multifactorial ecological experiments. Ecological Monographs, 69, 1-24. |
| [36] | Legendre P, De Cáceres M (2013) Beta diversity as the variance of community data: Dissimilarity coefficients and partitioning. Ecology Letters, 16, 951-963. |
| [37] | Legendre P (2014) Interpreting the replacement and richness difference components of beta diversity. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 23, 1324-1334. |
| [38] | Legendre P, Mi XC, Ren HB, Ma KP, Yu MJ, Sun IF, He FL (2009) Partitioning beta diversity in a subtropical broad- leaved forest of China. Ecology, 90, 663-674. |
| [39] | Lennon JJ, Koleff P, Greenwood JJD, Gaston KJ (2001) The geographical structure of British bird distributions: Diversity, spatial turnover and scale. Journal of Animal Ecology, 70, 966-979. |
| [40] | Leprieur F, Tedesco PA, Hugueny B, Beauchard O, Durr HH, Brosse S, Oberdorff T (2011) Partitioning global patterns of freshwater fish beta diversity reveals contrasting signatures of past climate changes. Ecology Letters, 14, 325-334. |
| [41] | Levine JM, Murrell DJ (2003) The community-level consequences of seed dispersal patterns. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 34, 549-574. |
| [42] | Magurran AE (1988) Ecological Diversity and Its Measurement. Croom-Helm, London. |
| [43] | McArdle BH, Anderson MJ (2001) Fitting multivariate models to community data: A comment on distance-based redundancy analysis. Ecology, 82, 290-297. |
| [44] | McKnight MW, White PS, McDonald RI, Lamoreux JF, Sechrest W, Ridgely RS, Stuart SN (2007) Putting beta-diversity on the map: Broad-scale congruence and coincidence in the extremes. PLoS Biology, 5, e272. |
| [45] | Myers JA, Chase JM, Jiménez I, Jorgensen PM, Araujo- Murakami A, Paniagua-Zambrana N, Seidel R (2013) Beta- diversity in temperate and tropical forests reflects dissimilar mechanisms of community assembly. Ecology Letters, 16, 151-157. |
| [46] | Nekola JC, White PS (1999) The distance decay of similarity in biogeography and ecology. Journal of Biogeography, 26, 867-878. |
| [47] | Oksanen J, Blanchet FG, Friendly M, Kindt R, Legendre P, McGlinn D, Minchin PR, O’Hara RB, Simpson GL, Solymos P, Stevens MHH, Szoecs E, Wagner H (2018) vegan: Community Ecology Packagex. R package version 2.5-2. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/vegan/. (accessed on 2018-05-17) |
| [48] | Page NV, Shanker K (2018) Environment and dispersal influence changes in species composition at different scales in woody plants of the Western Ghats, India. Journal of Vegetation Science, 29, 74-83. |
| [49] | Pebesma EJ (2004) Multivariable geostatistics in S: The gstat package. Computers & Geosciences, 30, 683-691. |
| [50] | Podani J, Schmera D (2011) A new conceptual and methodological framework for exploring and explaining pattern in presence-absence data. Oikos, 120, 1625-1638. |
| [51] | Podani J, Ricotta C, Schmera D (2013) A general framework for analyzing beta diversity, nestedness and related community-level phenomena based on abundance data. Ecological Complexity, 15, 52-61. |
| [52] | Ponisio LC, M’Gonigle LK, Kremen C (2016) On-farm habitat restoration counters biotic homogenization in intensively managed agriculture. Global Change Biology, 22, 704-715. |
| [53] | Qiu XZ, Xie SC (1998) Study on the Forest Ecosystem in Ailao Mountains, Yunnan, China. Yunnan Science and Technology Press, Kunming. (in Chinese) |
| [53] | [ 邱学忠, 谢寿昌 (1998) 哀牢山森林生态系统研究. 云南科技出版社, 昆明.] |
| [54] | Seidler TG, Plotkin JB (2006) Seed dispersal and spatial pattern in tropical trees. PLoS Biology, 4, e344. |
| [55] | Si XF, Zhao YH, Chen CW, Ren P, Zeng D, Wu LB, Ding P (2017) Beta-diversity partitioning: Methods, applications and perspectives. Biodiversity Science, 25, 464-480. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [55] | [ 斯幸峰, 赵郁豪, 陈传武, 任鹏, 曾頔, 吴玲兵, 丁平 (2017) Beta多样性分解: 方法、应用与展望. 生物多样性, 25, 464-480.] |
| [56] | Smith TW, Lundholm JT (2010) Variation partitioning as a tool to distinguish between niche and neutral processes. Ecography, 33, 648-655. |
| [57] | Soininen J, Heino J, Wang JJ (2018) A meta-analysis of nestedness and turnover components of beta diversity across organisms and ecosystems. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 27, 96-109. |
| [58] | Steinbauer MJ, Dolos K, Reineking B, Beierkuhnlein C (2012) Current measures for distance decay in similarity of species composition are influenced by study extent and grain size. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 21, 1203-1212. |
| [59] | Svenning JC, Flojgaard C, Baselga A (2011) Climate, history and neutrality as drivers of mammal beta diversity in Europe: Insights from multiscale deconstruction. Journal of Animal Ecology, 80, 393-402. |
| [60] | Tisseuil C, Leprieur F, Grenouillet G, Vrac M, Lek S (2012) Projected impacts of climate change on spatio-temporal patterns of freshwater fish beta diversity: A deconstructing approach. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 21, 1213-1222. |
| [61] | Toledo M, Poorter L, Pe?a-Claros M, Alarcón A, Balcázar J, Chuvi?a J, Lea?o C, Licona JC, Steege H, Bongers F (2011) Patterns and determinants of floristic variation across lowland forests of Bolivia. Biotropica, 43, 405-413. |
| [62] | Tonkin JD, Stoll S, J?hnig SC, Haase P (2016) Contrasting metacommunity structure and beta diversity in an aquatic- floodplain system. Oikos, 125, 686-697. |
| [63] | Tuomisto H, Ruokolainen K, Yli-Halla M (2003) Dispersal, environment, and floristic variation of western Amazonian forests. Science, 299, 241-244. |
| [64] | Ulrich W, Almeida-Neto M, Gotelli NJ (2009) A consumer's guide to nestedness analysis. Oikos, 118, 3-17. |
| [65] | Valencia R, Foster RB, Villa G, Condit R, Svenning JC, Hernández C, Romoleroux K, Losos E, Mag?rd E, Balslev H (2004) Tree species distributions and local habitat variation in the Amazon: Large forest plot in eastern Ecuador. Journal of Ecology, 92, 214-229. |
| [66] | Viana DS, Figuerola J, Schwenk K, Manca M, Hob?k A, Mjelde M, Preston CD, Gornall RJ, Croft JM, King RA, Green AJ, Santamaría L (2016) Assembly mechanisms determining high species turnover in aquatic communities over regional and continental scales. Ecography, 39, 281-288. |
| [67] | Wang XG, Wiegand T, Anderson-Teixeira KJ, Bourg NA, Hao ZQ, Howe R, Jin GZ, Orwig DA, Spasojevic MJ, Wang SZ, Wolf A, Myers JA (2018) Ecological drivers of spatial community dissimilarity, species replacement and species nestedness across temperate forests. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 27, 581-592. |
| [68] | Wen HD, Lin LX, Yang J, Hu YH, Cao M, Liu YH, Lu ZY, Xie YN (2018) Species composition and community structure of a 20 hm2 plot of mid-mountain moist evergreen broad-leaved forest on the Mts. Ailaoshan, Yunnan Province, China . Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 42, 419-429. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [68] | [ 温韩东, 林露湘, 杨洁, 胡跃华, 曹敏, 刘玉洪, 鲁志云, 谢有能 (2018) 云南哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林20hm2动态样地的物种组成与群落结构 . 植物生态学报, 42, 419-429.] |
| [69] | Whittaker RH (1960) Vegetation of the Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon and California. Ecological Monographs, 30, 407-407. |
| [70] | Williams PH (1996) Mapping variations in the strength and breadth of biogeographic transition zones using species turnover. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 263, 579-588. |
| [71] | Zobel M (1997) The relative role of species pools in determining plant species richness: An alternative explanation of species coexistence? Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 12, 266-269. |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
Copyright © 2026 Biodiversity Science
Editorial Office of Biodiversity Science, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
Tel: 010-62836137, 62836665 E-mail: biodiversity@ibcas.ac.cn
