Community characteristics of bryophyte in Karst caves and its effect on heavy metal pollution: A case study of Zhijin Cave, Guizhou Province
Received date: 2018-04-12
Accepted date: 2018-10-12
Online published: 2019-02-11
Heavy metal pollution caused by the development and utilization of Karst caves seriously threatens the cave environment and groundwater. Understanding the pollution dynamics has important practical significance for monitoring the cave environment. Here, the characteristics and heavy metals of the bryophytes in a typical Dark River Cave, Zhijin Cave, in Guizhou province were studied to explore the effect of the bryophyte community on cave pollution. A total of 34 types of bryophyte communities were observed, representing 49 taxa of bryophytes (12 of liverworts, 37 of mosses) in 33 genera (8 of liverworts, 25 of mosses) and 20 families (8 of liverworts, 12 of mosses). The dominant families were Pottiaceae, Fissidentaceae and Mniaceae, comprising 16%, 14%, and 14% of all taxa, respectively. Mercury (Hg) levels were up to 59.45, much higher than Cr and Zn, which indicates that Hg is the most serious pollutant in caves. The bryophyte community index showed a decreasing trend with an increase in heavy metal pollution. The Hg content of the measured heavy metals was significantly negatively correlated with its corresponding bryophyte community indices (P < 0.05), which indicates that the bryophyte community characteristics can accurately reflect the level of Hg pollution within a cave. The RDA sequencing results showed that bryophyte communities in Karst caves adapt to low photometric environment and thus exhibit photopic movement, grow well in Ca substrate and are resistant to heavy metals. The Hg content in the Conocephalum conicum was significantly correlated with its substrate Hg content (P < 0.05). This shows that C. conicum is affected by the substrate Hg pollution. In the future, C. conicum can be used as one of the biomonitoring materials for cave environments.
Key words： Zhijin Cave; bryophyte community; heavy metals; monitoring
Liu Run , Zhang Zhaohui , Shen Jiachen , Wang Zhihui . Community characteristics of bryophyte in Karst caves and its effect on heavy metal pollution: A case study of Zhijin Cave, Guizhou Province[J]. Biodiversity Science, 2018 , 26(12) : 1277 -1288 . DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018109
| 1 | Amaral LDP, Ferreira RA, Lisboa GDS, Longhi SJ, Watzlawick LF (2013) Variabilidade espacial do Índice de Diversidade de Shannon-Wiener em Floresta Ombrófila Mista. Emilio Montero Cartelle, 41, 1961-1972. |
| 2 | An L, Cao T, Yu YH (2006) Heavy metals contents in Haplocladium and their relationships with Shanghai City environment. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 17, 1490-1494. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| 2 | [安丽, 曹同, 俞鹰浩 (2006) 上海市小羽藓属植物重金属含量及其与环境的关系. 应用生态学报, 17, 1490-1494.] |
| 3 | Brown DH, Buck GW (2013) Cation contents of acrocarpous and pleurocarpous mosses growing on a strontium-rich substratum. Transactions of the British Bryological Society, 10, 199-209. |
| 4 | Chen SF, Wu DF, Wu JN (1989) Using lichen communities as SO2 pollution monitors. Journal of Nanjing Normal University (Natural Science), 12(4), 77-82. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| 4 | [陈舒泛, 吴鼎福, 吴继农 (1989) 利用地衣群落监测SO2的污染. 南京师大学报(自然科学版), 12(4), 77-82.] |
| 5 | Christie JM, Alomon MS, Nozue K, Wada M, Briggs WR (1999) LOV (light, oxygen, or voltage) domains of the blue-light photoreceptor phototropin (nph1): Binding sites for the chromophore flavin mononucleotide. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 96, 8779-8783. |
| 6 | Cui RP, Ma XL, Man HS, Yao BJ, Gu WX, Xia QF (1983) Hazard of mercury-stained food chains. Environmental Science, 4(2), 16-19. (in Chinese) |
| 6 | [崔瑞平, 马秀兰, 满洪升, 姚本基, 顾文兴, 夏其芳 (1983) 汞染食物链的危害. 环境科学, 4(2), 16-19.] |
| 7 | Denayer FO, Haluwyn CV, Foucault BD, Schumacker R, Colein P (1999) Use of bryological communities as a diagnostic tool of heavy metal soil contamination (Cd, Pb, Zn) in northern France. Plant Ecology, 140, 191-201. |
| 8 | Foan L, Domercq M, Bermejo R, Santamaría JM, Simon V (2015) Mosses as an integrating tool for monitoring PAH atmospheric deposition: Comparison with total deposition and evaluation of bioconcentration factors. A year-long case-study. Chemosphere, 119, 452-458. |
| 9 | Gao Q (1996) Flora Bryophytorum Sinicorum, Vol. 2. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
| 9 | [高谦 (1996) 中国苔藓志第二卷. 科学出版社, 北京.] |
| 10 | Gao Q, Wu YH (2010) Genera Hepaticopsida et Anthocerotopsida Sinicorum. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
| 10 | [高谦, 吴玉环 (2010) 中国苔纲和角苔纲植物属志. 科学出版社, 北京.] |
| 11 | Giordano S, Adamo P, Spagnuolo V, Tretiach M, Bargagli R (2013) Accumulation of airborne trace elements in mosses, lichens and synthetic materials exposed at urban monitoring stations: Towards a harmonisation of the moss-bag technique. Chemosphere, 90, 292-299. |
| 12 | Guo SL, Yu J, Chen GQ (2015) Ecological Data Analyses. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
| 12 | [郭水良, 于晶, 陈国奇 (2015) 生态学数据分析. 科学出版社, 北京.] |
| 13 | Guo Y, Wang ZH, Zhang ZH (2017) Ability of brachymenium exile to monitor metal elements at an electrolytic aluminium factory in karst mountainous area. Environmental Science & Technology, 40(3), 148-152. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| 13 | [郭云, 王智慧, 张朝晖 (2017) 岩溶山区电解铝厂纤枝短月藓对金属元素的监测能力. 环境科学与技术, 40(3), 148-152.] |
| 14 | Hu RL, Wang YF (2005) Flora Bryophytorum Sinicorum, Vol. 7. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
| 14 | [胡人亮, 王幼芳 (2005) 中国苔藓志第七卷. 科学出版社, 北京.] |
| 15 | Li DH (2006) Study on correlation between fauna structure and some environmental factors in Shuiba Cave, Guizhou Province. Carsologica Sinica, 25, 256-262. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| 15 | [黎道洪 (2006) 贵州水拔洞内动物群落结构与部分环境因子的相关性研究. 中国岩溶, 25, 256-262.] |
| 16 | Li JY, An YG, Rong KF (1991) Forming and developing process of underground stream caves—Zhijin Cave, etc. as examples. Journal of Guizhou Institute of Technology, 20(3), 1-9. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| 16 | [李景阳, 安裕国, 戎昆方 (1991) 暗河型溶洞的形成和演化过程——以贵州织金洞等为例. 贵州工学院学报, 20(3), 1-9.] |
| 17 | Li XJ (2006) Flora Bryophytorum Sinicorum, Vol. 4. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
| 17 | [黎兴江 (2006) 中国苔藓志第四卷. 科学出版社, 北京.] |
| 18 | Liu R, Zhang ZH, Shen JC, Wang ZH (2018) Monitoring of heavy metal concentrations and source apportionment in “24-Curve” Highway region using epiphytic mosses. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 37, 1723-1729. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| 18 | [刘润, 张朝晖, 申家琛, 王智慧 (2018) 应用树附生藓类监测晴隆二十四道拐地区重金属污染及来源. 生态学杂志, 37, 1723-1729.] |
| 19 | Liu RX, Wang ZH, Zhang ZH (2009) Ecological characteristics of bryophyte communities from karst rock desertification peak cluster in Zhenfeng of Guizhou Province. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 29, 734-741. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| 19 | [刘荣相, 王智慧, 张朝晖 (2009) 贵州贞丰喀斯特石漠峰丛苔藓植物群落生态特征. 植物研究, 29, 734-741.] |
| 20 | Liu RX, Wang ZH, Zhang ZH (2011) Ecological monitoring of bryophytes for mercury pollution in Danzhai mercury mine area, Guizhou Province, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 31, 1558-1566. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| 20 | [刘荣相, 王智慧, 张朝晖 (2011) 苔藓植物对贵州丹寨汞矿区汞污染的生态监测. 生态学报, 31, 1558-1566.] |
| 21 | Long CB, Zhang ZH (2016) Diversity of the bryophytes and their function in monitoring metal contamination in the karst bauxite area in Guangxi. Journal of Safety & Environment, 16, 358-363. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| 21 | [龙朝波, 张朝晖 (2016) 平果岩溶型铝土矿区苔藓多样性及对金属污染的监测指示. 安全与环境学报, 16, 358-363.] |
| 22 | Mario S, Bitetti D (2000) The distribution of grooming among female primates: Testing hypotheses with the Shannon- Wiener diversity index. Behaviour, 137, 1517-1540. |
| 23 | Mazur Z, Radziemska M, Maczuga O, Makuch A (2013) Heavy metal concentrations in soil and moss (Pleurozium schreberi) near railroad lines in Olsztyn (Poland). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 22, 955-961. |
| 24 | Peng SL (1987) Ecological dominance of the subtropical forest communities in Guangdong. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 7, 38-44. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| 24 | [彭少麟 (1987) 广东亚热带森林群落的生态优势度. 生态学报, 7, 38-44.] |
| 25 | Samecka-Cymerman A, Kempers AJ (1998) Bioindication of gold by aquatic bryophytes. Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica, 26, 90-94. |
| 26 | Shah TA, Ali A (2010) Development of mercury resistant transgenic Nicotiana plants and their environmental impacts. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 5, 448-451. |
| 27 | Shen JC, Zhang ZH, Wang HH, Huang H, Wang ZH (2017) Water retention capacity of autumn mosses in south stone forest of Guiyang Karst park. Journal of Ecology & Rural Environment, 33, 907-912. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| 27 | [申家琛, 张朝晖, 王慧慧, 黄欢, 王智慧 (2017) 贵阳喀斯特公园南石林秋季藓类植物的持水特性. 生态与农村环境学报, 33, 907-912.] |
| 28 | State Environmental Protection Bureau(1990) Background Value of Soil Environment in China. China Environmental Science Press, Beijing (in Chinese) |
| 28 | [国家环境保护局(1990) 中国土壤环境背景值. 中国环境科学出版社, 北京.] |
| 29 | Tarkowska-Kukuryk M, Mieczan T (2014) Distribution and environmental determinants of Chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) in Sphagnum microhabitats. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 23, 483-490. |
| 30 | Toth T, Kopernicka M, Sabo R, Kopernicka T (2016) The evaluation of mercury in honey bees and their products from Eastern Slovakia. Scientific Papers Animal Science & Biotechnologies, 49, 257-260. |
| 31 | Wang AY, Huang SS, Zhong GF, Xu GB, L ZX, Shen XB (2012) Effect of cr (VI) stress on growth of three herbaceous plants and their cr uptake. Environmental Science, 33, 2028-2037. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| 31 | [王爱云, 黄姗姗, 钟国锋, 徐刚标, 刘志祥, 申响保 (2012) 铬胁迫对3种草本植物生长及铬积累的影响. 环境科学, 33, 2028-2037.] |
| 32 | Wang CX, Li YY, Xu SQ (2010) Biological monitoring and its application in environmental monitoring. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 5, 628-638. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| 32 | [王春香, 李媛媛, 徐顺清 (2010) 生物监测及其在环境监测中的应用. 生态毒理学报, 5, 628-638.] |
| 33 | Wang SQ, Zhang ZH, Wang ZH (2015) Bryophyte communities as biomonitors of environmental factors in the Goujiang karst bauxite, southwestern China. Science of the Total Environment, 538, 270-278. |
| 34 | Wei XP, Pu JB, Zhao CY (2014) Assessment of karst groundwater vulnerability in Chongqing based on revised RISKE model. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 34, 589-596. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| 34 | [魏兴萍, 蒲俊兵, 赵纯勇 (2014) 基于修正RISKE模型的重庆岩溶地区地下水脆弱性评价. 生态学报, 34, 589-596.] |
| 35 | Wu PC (2002) Flora Bryophytorum Sinicorum, Vol. 6. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
| 35 | [吴鹏程 (2002) 中国苔藓志第六卷. 科学出版社, 北京.] |
| 36 | Wu PC, Jia Y (2004) Flora Bryophytorum Sinicorum, Vol. 8. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) |
| 36 | [吴鹏程, 贾渝 (2004) 中国苔藓志第八卷. 科学出版社, 北京.] |
| 37 | Xu CX, Li ZZ, Li DH (2013) Relationships between the diversity of animal communities and the lighting environment and content of heavy metals in soils in Guizhou Zhijin Cave. Biodiversity Science, 21, 62-70. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| 37 | [徐承香, 李子忠, 黎道洪 (2013) 贵州织金洞洞穴动物群落多样性与光照强度及土壤重金属含量的关系. 生物多样性, 21, 62-70.] |
| 38 | Xu MQ, Cao H (2004) Ecological basis and application of PFU protozoan community in bio-monitoring with relation to water quality. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 24, 1540-1547. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| 38 | [许木启, 曹宏 (2004) PFU原生动物群落生物监测的生态学原理与应用. 生态学报, 24, 1540-1547.] |
| 39 | Xu SC, Cao T, Yu J, Chen Y, Song GY (2006) Niche of epiphytic bryophytes on trees in Shanghai City. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 25, 1338-1343. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| 39 | [徐晟翀, 曹同, 于晶, 陈怡, 宋国元 (2006) 上海市树附生苔藓植物生态位. 生态学杂志, 25, 1338-1343.] |
| 40 | Xu YN, Ke HL, Zhao AN, Liu RP, Zhang JH (2007) Assessment of heavy metals contamination of farmland soils in some gold mining area of Xiaoqinling. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 38, 732-736. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| 40 | [徐友宁, 柯海玲, 赵阿宁, 刘瑞平, 张江华 (2007) 小秦岭某金矿区农田土壤重金属污染评价. 土壤通报, 38, 732-736.] |
| 41 | Yang WC, Li DH (2010) Correlations of heavy metal contents in cave animals and in environment in Dayan Cave of Guangxi. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 29, 1554-1558. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| 41 | [杨卫诚, 黎道洪 (2010) 广西大岩洞洞穴动物体与环境中重金属含量关系. 生态学杂志, 29, 1554-1558.] |
| 42 | Zhang BK, Fu Z, Wang QS, Yin CL, Zhu QQ (1983) Soil zinc supply and zinc fertilizer yield increase in Nantong City. Soils, 15, 94-101. (in Chinese) |
| 42 | [张炳奎, 傅棻, 王岐山, 尹楚良, 朱其清 (1983) 南通市土壤锌的供给情况及锌肥的增产作用. 土壤, 15, 94-101.] |
| 43 | Zhang YY (2015) Experimental Study on the Effects of Different Light and Iron Concentrations on the Growth of Phytoplankton in Xiaoxingkai Lake. PhD dissertation, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| 43 | [张莹莹 (2015) 不同光照和铁浓度对小兴凯湖浮游植物生长影响的实验研究. 博士学位论文, 东北林业大学, 哈尔滨.] |
| 44 | Zhang ZH, Pentecost A (2002) The floristic characteristics of the bryophytes and karst depostion in karst caves, England. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 22, 359-367. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| 44 | [张朝晖, Pentecost A (2002) 英格兰洞穴苔藓植物区系特征及其岩溶沉积研究. 西北植物学报, 22, 359-367.] |
| 45 | Zhang ZH, Wang ZH, Zhu A (1996) A preliminary study on bryokarst of caves in Huangguoshu area. Carsologica Sinica, 15, 224-232. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| 45 | [张朝晖, 王智慧, 祝安 (1996) 黄果树喀斯特洞穴群苔藓植物岩溶的初步研究. 中国岩溶, 15, 224-232.] |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
Copyright © 2022 Biodiversity Science
Editorial Office of Biodiversity Science, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
Tel: 010-62836137, 62836665 E-mail: biodiversity@ibcas.ac.cn 
