Invasive plant species lead to a more clustered community phylogenetic structure: An analysis of herbaceous plants in Guangxi’s national nature reserves

doi:10.17520/biods.2024175

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims: Invasive alien plants, particularly herbaceous species, posed a threat to the native community structure and ecosystem functions of nature reserves. This study aims to investigate the influence of invasive alien herbs on the phylogenetic structure of plant communities across 13 national nature reserves in Guangxi.

Methods: A total of 1,046 plots were surveyed for herbaceous plants in 13 national nature reserves. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using species data and nucleotide sequences, including the rbcL, matK, and ITS obtained from GenBank. The structural composition of herb communities was assessed using standardized effect sizes of mean phylogenetic distance and mean nearest-taxon distance (SES.MPD and SES.MNTD). R software was used to visualize the phylogenetic changes in herb communities following the naturalization of invasive alien herbs.

Results (1) Forty-seven species of invasive alien herb plants (from 38 genera and 15 families) were recorded in 13 national nature reserves. Thirty-two (68.1%) of these species were classified as serious and malignant invasive species, predominantly comprising annual Asteraceae herbs originating from the Americas. Each national nature reserve were affected by invasive alien herbs, with the highest number of species found in Damingshan National Nature Reserve (24 species) and the lowest number found in Yuanbaoshan National Nature Reserve (5 species). (2) In eight (61.5%) national nature reserves, the introduction of invasive alien herbs consistently led to reduced phylogenetic diversity at two phylogenetic levels, regardless of whether these communities were initially clustered or overdispersed. This reduction indicated increased phylogenetic clustering among herb communities.

Conclusion: Compared to communities composed solely of native species, the inclusion of invasive alien species leads to a more clustered phylogenetic structure. We examined the impacts of alien invasion on biodiversity from a phylogenetic perspective, provides a theoretical foundation for future prevention and management of invasive alien plants in nature reserves.

Key words: national nature reserves, herbaceous species, community phylogenetic structure, alien invasion effect

Xianglin Yang, Caiyun Zhao, Junsheng Li, Fangfang Chong, Wenjin Li. Invasive plant species lead to a more clustered community phylogenetic structure: An analysis of herbaceous plants in Guangxi’s national nature reserves[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(11): 24175.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2024175

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2024/V32/I11/24175

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1 Rarefaction and extrapolation curves based on Hill number of herbaceous plant communities in different national nature reserves in Guangxi. Subfigure a, b and c show the changing trends of species richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Simpson diversity index with the number of sampled individuals, respectively. A‒M respectively represent Damingshan, Yachang Orchid, Cenwanglaoshan, Dayaoshan, Shiwandashan, Jiuwanshan, Encheng, Beilun Estuary, Shankou Mangrove, Yellow Camellia, Maoershan, Nonggang and Yuanbaoshan national nature reserves.

Fig. 2 Species richness of invasive alien herb plants in 13 national nature reserves of Guangxi

Fig. 3 Species proportions of invasive alien herbs by family (a), invasive level (b), origin (c) and lifeform (d) in each nature reserve. A-M respectively represent Damingshan, Yachang Orchid, Cenwanglaoshan, Dayaoshan, Shiwandashan, Jiuwanshan, Encheng, Beilun Estuary, Shankou Mangrove, Yellow Camellia, Maoershan, Nonggang and Yuanbaoshan national nature reserves.

Fig. 4 The changes in herbaceous plant community structure in Guangxi national nature reserves (NNRs) based on SES.MPD. SES.MPD, The standardized effect size value of mean pairwise phylogenetic distance. The displacement from circle (native assemblage only) to triangle (full assemblage) represents the changes in mean phylogenetic structure. When SES.MPD of full assemblage is greater than that of native assemblage, it indicates that the phylogenetic divergence due to the introduction of invasive alien species. Conversely, the value of full assemblage is less than the value of native assemblage, it indicates that the phylogenetic convergence due to the introduction of invasive alien species.

Fig. 5 The changes of herbaceous plant community structure in Guangxi national nature reserves (NNRs) based on SES.MNTD. SES.MNTD, The standardized effect size value of mean nearest taxon phylogenetic distance. The displacement from circle (native assemblage only) to triangle (full assemblage) represents the changes of mean nearest phylogenetic structure. The value (SES.MNTD) of full assemblage > value of native assemblage, indicating that the phylogenetic divergence due to the introduction of invasive alien species. While the value of full assemblage < value of native assemblage, indicating that the phylogenetic convergence due to the introduction of invasive alien species.

Fig. 6 The one-sample wilcoxon test results of ΔSES.MPD (a) and ΔSES.MNTD (b) for herbaceous plant community in Guangxi national nature reserves (NNRs). Blue box represents the distribution of ΔSES.MPD and ΔSES.MNTD values of each national nature reserve, while the green box represents all 13 reserves. ΔSES.MPD, The change of standardized effect size of MPD; ΔSES.MNTD, The change of standardized effect size of MNTD. Error bar displays the 10th and 90th percentiles, and black vertical lines inside the box represent the median. * indicates a significant difference (P < 0.05) between ΔSES.MPD or ΔSES.MNTD and zero values, ** indicates extremely significant differences (P < 0.01), and ns indicates nonsignificant differences (P > 0.05). The red dashed line represents the zero axis.

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