Biodiv Sci ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 24027. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024027
• Special Feature: Biodiversity Conservation Regulations and Policies • Previous Articles Next Articles
Fuwei Zhao*(
), Yingshuo Li, Hui Chen
Received:2024-01-23
Accepted:2024-03-23
Online:2024-05-20
Published:2024-05-23
Contact:
E-mail: Fuwei Zhao, Yingshuo Li, Hui Chen. Reflections on biodiversity legislation in China’s new era[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2024, 32(5): 24027.
| 名称 Legislation name | 主要原则或制度 Primary principles/systems |
|---|---|
| 《中华人民共和国宪法》 Constitution of the People’s Republic of China | 设立水流、森林、山岭、草原、荒地、滩涂等生态系统的权属制度, 保障生态系统等自然资源的合理利用 To establish ownership system of ecosystems such as water flows, forests, mountains, grasslands, wild lands, mudflats, etc; To secure the rational utilization of natural resources such as ecosystems |
| 《环境保护法》 Environmental Protection Law | 合理开发利用自然资源, 保护生物多样性, 保障生态安全, 防止外来物种和生物技术应用对生物多样性的破坏 To rationally develop and utilize natural resources, protect biodiversity, ensure ecological security, and prevent the destruction of biodiversity by alien species and the application of biotechnology |
| 《国家安全法》 State Security Law | 划定生态保护红线 To delineate the red line for ecological protection |
| 《森林法》 Forest Law | 设立森林、林地和林木的权属、林业发展规划、森林保育、林产经营等制度 To establish property rights over forests, forest land and trees and systems for forestry development planning, forest conservation, and forest resource utilization |
| 《草原法》 Grassland Law | 设立草原权属、规划、建设、利用、保护、监督检查等制度 To establish systems of grassland tenure, planning, construction, utilization, protection, supervision and inspection |
| 《海洋环境保护法》 Marine Environmental Protection Law | 设立海洋污染防治、海洋生态系统保护和恢复、海洋生态保护补偿、海洋生物多样性调查监测和评估等制度 To establish systems of marine pollution prevention and control, marine ecosystem protection and restoration, compensation for the marine ecosystem protection, and investigation, monitoring and assessment of marine biodiversity |
| 《长江保护法》 Yangtze River Protection Law | 设立长江流域生物多样性调查、分区管控和准入、自然保护地体系建设、湿地保护、物种保护、生态环境修复、濒危物种迁地保护等制度 To establish systems of biodiversity survey, partition control and clearance, nature reserve development, wetland protection, species conservation, ecological environment restoration, and ex-situ conservation of endangered species in the Yangtze River Basin |
| 《黄河保护法》 Yellow River Protection Law | 设立黄河流域生物多样性保护标准、生态保护与修复、自然保护地体系建设、濒危物种迁地保护、生物多样性保护成效评估等制度 To establish systems of standards for biodiversity conservation, ecological protection and restoration, nature reserve development, ex-situ conservation of endangered species, and assessment of the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation in the Yellow River Basin |
| 《湿地保护法》 Wetland Protection Law | 设立湿地生态系统资源调查评价、分级管理、规划、名录、生态保护补偿、修复等制度 To establish systems for wetland ecosystem resource survey and evaluation, hierarchical management, planning, listing, compensation for ecological protection, and restoration |
| 《青藏高原生态保护法》 Law on Ecological Protection of the Tibetan Plateau | 设立青藏高原生态系统保护与修复、物种调查与名录、濒危物种迁地保护、生物多样性保护重大工程、种质资源保护与利用等制度 To establish systems of the ecosystem protection and restoration, species surveys and lists, ex-situ conservation of endangered species, major projects for the conservation of biodiversity, and the conservation and utilization of germplasm resources of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau |
| 《自然保护区条例》 Regulations on Nature Reserves | 设立自然保护区建设、分级分类管理、准入等制度 To establish systems of development, hierarchy and categorization management and admission to nature reserves |
| 《风景名胜区条例》 Regulations on Scenic and Historic Area | 建立风景名胜区设立、规划、有效保护、合理利用等制度 To establish system of development, planning, effective protection and rational utilization of scenic and historic area |
| 《湿地保护管理规定》 Provisions on Wetland Protection and Management | 具体规定湿地保护规划、湿地资源调查、分类、名录、湿地公园建设和管理等制度 To specify systems of wetland conservation planning, wetland resource survey, classification, listing, wetland park development and management |
| 《国家级森林公园管理办法》 Measures for the Administration of National Forest Parks | 具体规定国家级森林公园建设、规划、经营和利用等制度 To specify systems of the development, planning, business and utilization of state-level forest parks |
| 《国家级自然公园管理办法(试行)》 Measures for the Administration of National Nature Parks (Trial) | 具体规定除国家级风景名胜区以外的国家级自然公园的设立、调整、撤销、规划、分区保护、旅游开发、科研、科学普及等制度 To specify the systems of state-level natural parks, other than state level scenic and historic area, for the establishment, adjustment, revocation, planning, partition protection, tourism development, scientific research, scientific propaganda, etc. |
Table 1 Existing key legislations on ecosystems in China
| 名称 Legislation name | 主要原则或制度 Primary principles/systems |
|---|---|
| 《中华人民共和国宪法》 Constitution of the People’s Republic of China | 设立水流、森林、山岭、草原、荒地、滩涂等生态系统的权属制度, 保障生态系统等自然资源的合理利用 To establish ownership system of ecosystems such as water flows, forests, mountains, grasslands, wild lands, mudflats, etc; To secure the rational utilization of natural resources such as ecosystems |
| 《环境保护法》 Environmental Protection Law | 合理开发利用自然资源, 保护生物多样性, 保障生态安全, 防止外来物种和生物技术应用对生物多样性的破坏 To rationally develop and utilize natural resources, protect biodiversity, ensure ecological security, and prevent the destruction of biodiversity by alien species and the application of biotechnology |
| 《国家安全法》 State Security Law | 划定生态保护红线 To delineate the red line for ecological protection |
| 《森林法》 Forest Law | 设立森林、林地和林木的权属、林业发展规划、森林保育、林产经营等制度 To establish property rights over forests, forest land and trees and systems for forestry development planning, forest conservation, and forest resource utilization |
| 《草原法》 Grassland Law | 设立草原权属、规划、建设、利用、保护、监督检查等制度 To establish systems of grassland tenure, planning, construction, utilization, protection, supervision and inspection |
| 《海洋环境保护法》 Marine Environmental Protection Law | 设立海洋污染防治、海洋生态系统保护和恢复、海洋生态保护补偿、海洋生物多样性调查监测和评估等制度 To establish systems of marine pollution prevention and control, marine ecosystem protection and restoration, compensation for the marine ecosystem protection, and investigation, monitoring and assessment of marine biodiversity |
| 《长江保护法》 Yangtze River Protection Law | 设立长江流域生物多样性调查、分区管控和准入、自然保护地体系建设、湿地保护、物种保护、生态环境修复、濒危物种迁地保护等制度 To establish systems of biodiversity survey, partition control and clearance, nature reserve development, wetland protection, species conservation, ecological environment restoration, and ex-situ conservation of endangered species in the Yangtze River Basin |
| 《黄河保护法》 Yellow River Protection Law | 设立黄河流域生物多样性保护标准、生态保护与修复、自然保护地体系建设、濒危物种迁地保护、生物多样性保护成效评估等制度 To establish systems of standards for biodiversity conservation, ecological protection and restoration, nature reserve development, ex-situ conservation of endangered species, and assessment of the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation in the Yellow River Basin |
| 《湿地保护法》 Wetland Protection Law | 设立湿地生态系统资源调查评价、分级管理、规划、名录、生态保护补偿、修复等制度 To establish systems for wetland ecosystem resource survey and evaluation, hierarchical management, planning, listing, compensation for ecological protection, and restoration |
| 《青藏高原生态保护法》 Law on Ecological Protection of the Tibetan Plateau | 设立青藏高原生态系统保护与修复、物种调查与名录、濒危物种迁地保护、生物多样性保护重大工程、种质资源保护与利用等制度 To establish systems of the ecosystem protection and restoration, species surveys and lists, ex-situ conservation of endangered species, major projects for the conservation of biodiversity, and the conservation and utilization of germplasm resources of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau |
| 《自然保护区条例》 Regulations on Nature Reserves | 设立自然保护区建设、分级分类管理、准入等制度 To establish systems of development, hierarchy and categorization management and admission to nature reserves |
| 《风景名胜区条例》 Regulations on Scenic and Historic Area | 建立风景名胜区设立、规划、有效保护、合理利用等制度 To establish system of development, planning, effective protection and rational utilization of scenic and historic area |
| 《湿地保护管理规定》 Provisions on Wetland Protection and Management | 具体规定湿地保护规划、湿地资源调查、分类、名录、湿地公园建设和管理等制度 To specify systems of wetland conservation planning, wetland resource survey, classification, listing, wetland park development and management |
| 《国家级森林公园管理办法》 Measures for the Administration of National Forest Parks | 具体规定国家级森林公园建设、规划、经营和利用等制度 To specify systems of the development, planning, business and utilization of state-level forest parks |
| 《国家级自然公园管理办法(试行)》 Measures for the Administration of National Nature Parks (Trial) | 具体规定除国家级风景名胜区以外的国家级自然公园的设立、调整、撤销、规划、分区保护、旅游开发、科研、科学普及等制度 To specify the systems of state-level natural parks, other than state level scenic and historic area, for the establishment, adjustment, revocation, planning, partition protection, tourism development, scientific research, scientific propaganda, etc. |
| 名称 Legislation name | 主要原则或制度 Primary principles/systems | |
|---|---|---|
| 《中华人民共和国宪法》 Constitution of the People’s Republic of China | 保障野生物种等自然资源的合理利用, 保护珍贵的动物和植物 To secure the rational utilization of natural resources such as wild species and protect valuable animals and plants | |
| 《野生动物保护法》 Wild Animal Protection Law | 设立珍贵、濒危野生动物和有重要生态、科学、社会价值陆生野生动物的权属、分级分类、名录、栖息地保护、迁地保护、猎捕、交易、运输、进出境、防疫等制度 To establish systems of ownership, hierarchy and classification, listing, habitat protection, ex-site protection, hunting, trading, transportation, import and export, and epidemic prevention of precious and endangered wildlife and terrestrial wildlife with important ecological, scientific and social values | |
| 《生物安全法》 Biosecurity Law | 保护生物资源和生态环境, 促进生物技术健康发展, 实现人与自然和谐共生; 设立生物安全名录清单、进境动植物国家准入、疫源疫病防控、生物技术安全、病原微生物实验室生物安全、人类遗传资源和生物资源安全等制度 To protect biological resources and the ecology and environment, promote the sound development of biotechnology, achieve the harmonious coexistence of human and nature; To establish systems of biosecurity catalog and list, national rules of access for imported animals and plants, prevention and control of epidemic sources and diseases, biosecurity of biotechnology, biosafety of pathogenic microorganism laboratories, and security of human genetic and biological resources, and so on | |
| 《农业法》 Agriculture Law | 合理利用和保护野生动植物等自然资源, 保护生物多样性, 对稀有、濒危、珍贵生物资源及其原生地实行重点保护。设立动植物防疫检疫制度、与农业生产有关的生物物种资源保护制度、引种登记或审批制度 To rationally utilize and protect natural resources such as wild animals and plants, to protect biodiversity, and to implement key protection for rare, endangered and precious biological resources and their native habitats; To establish systems of the prevention and quarantine of animals and plants, the protection of biological species resources related to agricultural production, and the registration or approval of introductions | |
| 《渔业法》 Fisheries Law | 保护和合理利用渔业资源, 重点保护珍贵、濒危水生野生动物, 建立水生动物捕捞制度, 保护水产种质资源及其生存环境, 建立水产种质资源保护区 To protect and rationally utilize fishery resources; To prioritize the protection of precious and endangered aquatic wildlife, and establish fishing system of aquatic animal; To protect aquatic germplasm resources and their habitat, and establish aquatic germplasm resource protection zones | |
| 《动物防疫法》 Animal Epidemic Prevention Law | 设立动物疫病防治、疫情控制、检验检疫等制度 To establish systems of prevention and treatment of animal diseases, the control of epidemics, inspection and quarantine for domesticated animal and legally capturing wildlife and their products | |
| 《关于全面禁止非法野生动物交易、革除滥食野生动物陋习、切实保障人民群众生命健康安全的决定》 Decision on Comprehensively Prohibiting Illegal Trade in Wild Animals, Uprooting the Pernicious Habit of Indiscriminately Eating Wild Animals, and Earnestly Safeguarding the People’s Lives, Health & Safety | 全面禁止食用国家保护的有重要生态、科学、社会价值的陆生野生动物以及其他陆生野生动物, 包括人工繁育、人工饲养的陆生野生动物。全面禁止以食用为目的猎捕、交易、运输在野外环境自然生长繁殖的陆生野生动物 To comprehensively prohibit the consumption of state-protected terrestrial wildlife with important ecological, scientific and social values and other terrestrial wildlife, including artificially bred and artificially reared animals. This includes artificially bred and artificially reared terrestrial wildlife. To comprehensively prohibit the hunting, trading and transportation of terrestrial wildlife that grows and reproduces naturally in wild environment for edible purpose | |
| 《野生植物保护条例》 Wild Plant Protection Regulation | 设立野生植物分级保护、采集利用、出售和购买、进出口等制度 To establish systems of the hierarchical protection, collection and utilization, sales and purchases, import and export for wild plants | |
| 《濒危野生动植物进出口管理条例》 Regulation on the Import and Export Administration of Endangered Wildlife and Animals | 保护和合理利用野生动植物资源, 设立濒危野生动植物及其产品进出口管理制度 To protect and rationally use wild animal and plant resources; To establish systems of import and export management for endangered wild animal and plant | |
| 《病原微生物实验室生物安全管理条例》 Regulation on Biosafety Management in Pathogenic Microorganism Laboratories | 设立病原微生物分类管理、运输、出入境检验检疫、实验室生物安全等制度 To establish systems of the classification management, transportation, immigration inspection and quarantine, and laboratory biosafety for pathogenic microorganisms | |
| 《生物两用品及相关设备和技术出口管制条例》 Regulation for the Control of Export of Biological Dual-use Items and Related Equipment and Technology | 设立病原体及其技术和产品的贸易性出口和对外交流、交换、赠送、展览、援助、服务等制度To establish systems of the trade-oriented export and of foreign interaction, exchanges, gifting, exhibitions, assistance and services of pathogens and their technologies and products | |
| 《引进陆生野生动物外来物种种类及数量审批管理办法》 Measures for Approval of Types and Quantities of Exotic Species of Introduced Terrestrial Wildlife | 具体规定陆生野生动物外来物种引进种类和数量审批制度 To specify systems of approving the types and quantities of exotic species of terrestrial wildlife to be introduced | |
| 《外来入侵物种管理办法》 Measures for Invasive Alien Species Management | 具体规定外来入侵物种预防控制、监测预警、治理修复等制度 To specify systems of prevention and control, monitoring and forecasting, remediation and restoration of invasive alien species | |
Table 2 Existing key legislations on species in China
| 名称 Legislation name | 主要原则或制度 Primary principles/systems | |
|---|---|---|
| 《中华人民共和国宪法》 Constitution of the People’s Republic of China | 保障野生物种等自然资源的合理利用, 保护珍贵的动物和植物 To secure the rational utilization of natural resources such as wild species and protect valuable animals and plants | |
| 《野生动物保护法》 Wild Animal Protection Law | 设立珍贵、濒危野生动物和有重要生态、科学、社会价值陆生野生动物的权属、分级分类、名录、栖息地保护、迁地保护、猎捕、交易、运输、进出境、防疫等制度 To establish systems of ownership, hierarchy and classification, listing, habitat protection, ex-site protection, hunting, trading, transportation, import and export, and epidemic prevention of precious and endangered wildlife and terrestrial wildlife with important ecological, scientific and social values | |
| 《生物安全法》 Biosecurity Law | 保护生物资源和生态环境, 促进生物技术健康发展, 实现人与自然和谐共生; 设立生物安全名录清单、进境动植物国家准入、疫源疫病防控、生物技术安全、病原微生物实验室生物安全、人类遗传资源和生物资源安全等制度 To protect biological resources and the ecology and environment, promote the sound development of biotechnology, achieve the harmonious coexistence of human and nature; To establish systems of biosecurity catalog and list, national rules of access for imported animals and plants, prevention and control of epidemic sources and diseases, biosecurity of biotechnology, biosafety of pathogenic microorganism laboratories, and security of human genetic and biological resources, and so on | |
| 《农业法》 Agriculture Law | 合理利用和保护野生动植物等自然资源, 保护生物多样性, 对稀有、濒危、珍贵生物资源及其原生地实行重点保护。设立动植物防疫检疫制度、与农业生产有关的生物物种资源保护制度、引种登记或审批制度 To rationally utilize and protect natural resources such as wild animals and plants, to protect biodiversity, and to implement key protection for rare, endangered and precious biological resources and their native habitats; To establish systems of the prevention and quarantine of animals and plants, the protection of biological species resources related to agricultural production, and the registration or approval of introductions | |
| 《渔业法》 Fisheries Law | 保护和合理利用渔业资源, 重点保护珍贵、濒危水生野生动物, 建立水生动物捕捞制度, 保护水产种质资源及其生存环境, 建立水产种质资源保护区 To protect and rationally utilize fishery resources; To prioritize the protection of precious and endangered aquatic wildlife, and establish fishing system of aquatic animal; To protect aquatic germplasm resources and their habitat, and establish aquatic germplasm resource protection zones | |
| 《动物防疫法》 Animal Epidemic Prevention Law | 设立动物疫病防治、疫情控制、检验检疫等制度 To establish systems of prevention and treatment of animal diseases, the control of epidemics, inspection and quarantine for domesticated animal and legally capturing wildlife and their products | |
| 《关于全面禁止非法野生动物交易、革除滥食野生动物陋习、切实保障人民群众生命健康安全的决定》 Decision on Comprehensively Prohibiting Illegal Trade in Wild Animals, Uprooting the Pernicious Habit of Indiscriminately Eating Wild Animals, and Earnestly Safeguarding the People’s Lives, Health & Safety | 全面禁止食用国家保护的有重要生态、科学、社会价值的陆生野生动物以及其他陆生野生动物, 包括人工繁育、人工饲养的陆生野生动物。全面禁止以食用为目的猎捕、交易、运输在野外环境自然生长繁殖的陆生野生动物 To comprehensively prohibit the consumption of state-protected terrestrial wildlife with important ecological, scientific and social values and other terrestrial wildlife, including artificially bred and artificially reared animals. This includes artificially bred and artificially reared terrestrial wildlife. To comprehensively prohibit the hunting, trading and transportation of terrestrial wildlife that grows and reproduces naturally in wild environment for edible purpose | |
| 《野生植物保护条例》 Wild Plant Protection Regulation | 设立野生植物分级保护、采集利用、出售和购买、进出口等制度 To establish systems of the hierarchical protection, collection and utilization, sales and purchases, import and export for wild plants | |
| 《濒危野生动植物进出口管理条例》 Regulation on the Import and Export Administration of Endangered Wildlife and Animals | 保护和合理利用野生动植物资源, 设立濒危野生动植物及其产品进出口管理制度 To protect and rationally use wild animal and plant resources; To establish systems of import and export management for endangered wild animal and plant | |
| 《病原微生物实验室生物安全管理条例》 Regulation on Biosafety Management in Pathogenic Microorganism Laboratories | 设立病原微生物分类管理、运输、出入境检验检疫、实验室生物安全等制度 To establish systems of the classification management, transportation, immigration inspection and quarantine, and laboratory biosafety for pathogenic microorganisms | |
| 《生物两用品及相关设备和技术出口管制条例》 Regulation for the Control of Export of Biological Dual-use Items and Related Equipment and Technology | 设立病原体及其技术和产品的贸易性出口和对外交流、交换、赠送、展览、援助、服务等制度To establish systems of the trade-oriented export and of foreign interaction, exchanges, gifting, exhibitions, assistance and services of pathogens and their technologies and products | |
| 《引进陆生野生动物外来物种种类及数量审批管理办法》 Measures for Approval of Types and Quantities of Exotic Species of Introduced Terrestrial Wildlife | 具体规定陆生野生动物外来物种引进种类和数量审批制度 To specify systems of approving the types and quantities of exotic species of terrestrial wildlife to be introduced | |
| 《外来入侵物种管理办法》 Measures for Invasive Alien Species Management | 具体规定外来入侵物种预防控制、监测预警、治理修复等制度 To specify systems of prevention and control, monitoring and forecasting, remediation and restoration of invasive alien species | |
| 名称 Legislation name | 主要原则或制度 Primary principles/systems |
|---|---|
| 《生物安全法》 Biosecurity Law | 设立生物资源国家主权、生物资源调查登记、重要生物资源数据名录或清单、生物资源获取和利用与国际科学研究合作等制度 To establish systems of State sovereignty over its biological resources, survey and registration of biological resources, catalog or list for important biological resources data, and access to and utilization of and international scientific research cooperation related to biological resources |
| 《畜牧法》 Animal Husbandry Law | 国家享有畜禽遗传资源主权。设立畜禽遗传资源调查登记、规划、分级分类保护、名录、就地和离体保护、对外输出、涉外合作研究利用、共享惠益等制度 The State has sovereignty over livestock and poultry genetic resources; To establish systems of the investigation and registration, planning, hierarchy and classification, catalog, in situ and in vitro conservation, export, cooperative research and utilization with overseas entities and/or individuals, and benefit sharing of livestock and poultry genetic resources |
| 《种子法》 Seed Law | 国家保护种质资源, 享有种质资源主权。设立种质资源调查登记、名录、就地和迁地保护、对外输出、涉外合作研究利用、共享惠益、新品种权、生产经营等制度 To protect germplasm resources according to law; The State has sovereignty over germplasm resources; To establish systems of survey and registration, catalog, in situ and ex situ protection, export, cooperative research and utilization with overseas entities and/or individuals, benefit sharing, new variety rights and production and business of germplasm resources |
| 《渔业法》 Fisheries Law | 保护水产种质资源及其生存环境, 建立水产种质资源保护区 To protect aquatic germplasm resources and their habitat, and establish aquatic germplasm resource reserves |
| 《野生动物保护法》 Wild Animal Protection Law | 加强野生动物遗传资源保护, 禁止对外提供特有野生动物遗传资源。设立野生动物遗传资源保护与利用规划、离体保护、国际科学研究合作、惠益共享等制度 To strengthen the protection of wildlife genetic resources and prohibit export of endemic wildlife genetic resources; To establish systems of planning for the conservation and utilization, in vitro conservation, international cooperation in scientific research and benefit sharing of wildlife genetic resources |
| 《植物新品种保护条例》 Regulation on the Protection of New Varieties of Plants | 设立植物新品种的品种权制度 To establish systems of breeder’s rights for new plant varieties |
| 《畜禽遗传资源进出境和对外合作研究利用审批办法》 Measures for the Examination and Approval of the Entry and Exit as Well as Foreign-Related Cooperative Research and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources | 保护和合理利用畜禽遗传资源; 具体规定畜禽遗传资源名录、引进引出、涉外合作研究利用、惠益共享、信息转让等制度 To protect and rationally utilize livestock and poultry genetic resources; To specify systems of the catalog, introduction and exportation, foreign-related cooperation in research and utilization, benefit sharing and information transfer of livestock and poultry genetic resources |
| 《农作物种质资源管理办法》 Measures for the Management of Crop Germplasm Resources | 具体规定农作物种质资源收集、登记、保存、国际交流、利用、信息共享等制度 To specify systems of the collection, registration, preservation, international exchange, utilization and information sharing of crop germplasm resources |
| 《林木种质资源管理办法》 Measures for the Management of Forestry Germplasm Resources | 具体规定林木种质资源收集、登记、保存、国际交流、利用、信息共享等制度 To specify systems of the collection, registration, preservation, international exchange, utilization and information sharing of forestry germplasm resources |
| 《水产种质资源保护区管理办法》 Measures for Aquatic Germplasm Resource Reserve Management | 具体规定水产种质资源保护区的设立和运行管理制度 To specify systems of establishment and operational management of aquatic germplasm resource reserves |
Table 3 Existing key legislations on genetic level
| 名称 Legislation name | 主要原则或制度 Primary principles/systems |
|---|---|
| 《生物安全法》 Biosecurity Law | 设立生物资源国家主权、生物资源调查登记、重要生物资源数据名录或清单、生物资源获取和利用与国际科学研究合作等制度 To establish systems of State sovereignty over its biological resources, survey and registration of biological resources, catalog or list for important biological resources data, and access to and utilization of and international scientific research cooperation related to biological resources |
| 《畜牧法》 Animal Husbandry Law | 国家享有畜禽遗传资源主权。设立畜禽遗传资源调查登记、规划、分级分类保护、名录、就地和离体保护、对外输出、涉外合作研究利用、共享惠益等制度 The State has sovereignty over livestock and poultry genetic resources; To establish systems of the investigation and registration, planning, hierarchy and classification, catalog, in situ and in vitro conservation, export, cooperative research and utilization with overseas entities and/or individuals, and benefit sharing of livestock and poultry genetic resources |
| 《种子法》 Seed Law | 国家保护种质资源, 享有种质资源主权。设立种质资源调查登记、名录、就地和迁地保护、对外输出、涉外合作研究利用、共享惠益、新品种权、生产经营等制度 To protect germplasm resources according to law; The State has sovereignty over germplasm resources; To establish systems of survey and registration, catalog, in situ and ex situ protection, export, cooperative research and utilization with overseas entities and/or individuals, benefit sharing, new variety rights and production and business of germplasm resources |
| 《渔业法》 Fisheries Law | 保护水产种质资源及其生存环境, 建立水产种质资源保护区 To protect aquatic germplasm resources and their habitat, and establish aquatic germplasm resource reserves |
| 《野生动物保护法》 Wild Animal Protection Law | 加强野生动物遗传资源保护, 禁止对外提供特有野生动物遗传资源。设立野生动物遗传资源保护与利用规划、离体保护、国际科学研究合作、惠益共享等制度 To strengthen the protection of wildlife genetic resources and prohibit export of endemic wildlife genetic resources; To establish systems of planning for the conservation and utilization, in vitro conservation, international cooperation in scientific research and benefit sharing of wildlife genetic resources |
| 《植物新品种保护条例》 Regulation on the Protection of New Varieties of Plants | 设立植物新品种的品种权制度 To establish systems of breeder’s rights for new plant varieties |
| 《畜禽遗传资源进出境和对外合作研究利用审批办法》 Measures for the Examination and Approval of the Entry and Exit as Well as Foreign-Related Cooperative Research and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources | 保护和合理利用畜禽遗传资源; 具体规定畜禽遗传资源名录、引进引出、涉外合作研究利用、惠益共享、信息转让等制度 To protect and rationally utilize livestock and poultry genetic resources; To specify systems of the catalog, introduction and exportation, foreign-related cooperation in research and utilization, benefit sharing and information transfer of livestock and poultry genetic resources |
| 《农作物种质资源管理办法》 Measures for the Management of Crop Germplasm Resources | 具体规定农作物种质资源收集、登记、保存、国际交流、利用、信息共享等制度 To specify systems of the collection, registration, preservation, international exchange, utilization and information sharing of crop germplasm resources |
| 《林木种质资源管理办法》 Measures for the Management of Forestry Germplasm Resources | 具体规定林木种质资源收集、登记、保存、国际交流、利用、信息共享等制度 To specify systems of the collection, registration, preservation, international exchange, utilization and information sharing of forestry germplasm resources |
| 《水产种质资源保护区管理办法》 Measures for Aquatic Germplasm Resource Reserve Management | 具体规定水产种质资源保护区的设立和运行管理制度 To specify systems of establishment and operational management of aquatic germplasm resource reserves |
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